The effect of potassium silicate fortified with cow manure compost tea and seaweed extract on dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa) was studied in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene L.). Application of potassium silicate fortified compost tea increased the silicon content in bentgrass and ryegrass at 5 days after treatment, but there was only a minimal effect on silicon content in the grass at 15 days after treatment. However, the fortified treatments did not affect the susceptibility of grass to dollar spot disease in the greenhouse experiments. Fortified treatments did not have a significant effect on the chlorophyll content, total phenol content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in creeping bentgrass. Similarly, the treatment did not affect area of the lesion and mycelial growth of the fungus. Although the synergistic effect of silica fortification was not investigated in detail, preliminary results of the study indicate potassium silicate fortified with compost tea or seaweed extract was not different from that of non-fortified treatments in reducing dollar spot disease in the greenhouse trial.

Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides are commonly used to eliminate weeds from mature turfgrasses. Field trials were conducted from 2004-2006, testing ALS herbicides for preemergence and early postemergence activity on newly seeded turfgrasses, using four species: Riviera bermuda, Zenith and Companion zoysia, L- 93 creeping bentgrass, and Poa annua L. Data collected were phytotoxicity and percent turf cover. Bermuda and zoysia herbicides were metsulfuron-methyl (42 g ha-1), trifloxysulfuron (29 g ha-1), flazasulfuron (53 g ha-1), foramsulfuron (30 g ha-1), bispyribac-sodium (112 g ha-1), and rimsulfuron (35 g ha-1). Treatments occurred the day of seeding and two-three weeks after seeding. Flazasulfuron, trifloxysulfuron and bispyribac-sodium caused significant damage in all treatments. Data suggests that bermuda and zoysia are tolerant of seedling treatments of foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, and metsulfuron-methyl at these rates. Bentgrass and P. annua herbicides were foramsulfuron (15 and 30 g ha-1), siduron (2803 g ha-1), bispyribac-sodium (49 g ha-1), and paclobutrazol (281 g ha-1). Treatments occurred the day of seeding, two and four weeks after seeding. Foramsulfuron at 15 and 30 g ha-1 caused significant damage regardless of when it was applied. Data suggests that bentgrass and P. annua are tolerant of seedling treatments of siduron, paclobutrazol, and bispyribac-sodium at these rates.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 June 1.

Orientador: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Resumo: A grama bermuda (Cynodon spp) é a mais utilizada atualmente em campos esportivos de alta performance. Contudo, não existe na literatura uma recomendação oficial brasileira do melhor de substrato para implantação desse tipo de grama. Outra dificuldade é que os gramados necessitam de cortes frequentes, o que eleva o custo de manutenção. Assim uma alternativa, seria o uso do herbicida Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de substratos e de sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, de 14 de abril a 8 de setembro de 2017. Os tapetes de grama bermuda hibrido Tifton 419 foram implantados em contêineres de plástico preto (volume 8,46 litros) com diferentes substratos, sendo o experimento dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente foi verificada a influência dos substratos no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento do gramado com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 12 repetições. Após 60 dias, foi realizada a primeira aplicação das sub-doses de glyphosate, e assim, iniciada a segunda parte do experimento, formando um esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x doses de glyphosate), com três repetições. Os substratos foram: S1-solo, S2-areia, S3-solo+areia. (1:1), S4-solo+areia+composto orgânico (1:1:1) e S5–composto orgânico+areia (1:1), e as sub-doses de glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 e 600 g ha-1 do i.a. Foram realizad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Is currently the most widely used in high performance sports fields. However, there is no official Brazilian recommendation of the best substrate for implantation of this type of grass. Another difficulty is that turfgrass need frequent cuts, which raises the cost of maintenance. Thus an alternative would be the use of the herbicide Glyphosate as growth regulator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and sub-doses of glyphosate as a growth regulator on the development of bermudagrass. The experiment was conducted at Campus II of the Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus, from April 14 to September 8, 2017. The Tifton 419 hybrid Bermuda grass carpets were implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 liters) with different substrates, the experiment being divided into two parts. The influence of the substrates in the establishment and development of the turfgrass with 5 treatments (substrates) and 12 replicates was verified initially. After 60 days, the first sub-doses of glyphosate were applied, and the second part of the experiment was started, forming a factorial scheme 5 x 4 (substrates x sub-doses of glyphosate), with three replicates. The substrates were: S1-soil, S2-sand, S3-soil + sand. (1:1), S4-soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1) and S5-organic compost + sand (1:1), and sub-doses of glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 of the a.i. were performed, chemical and physical analyzes of the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos (patricklfsantos@gmail.com) on 2018-09-10T14:31:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Substratos no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda e sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-09-10T16:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_plf_me_ilha.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T16:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_plf_me_ilha.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A grama bermuda (Cynodon spp) é a mais utilizada atualmente em campos esportivos de alta performance. Contudo, não existe na literatura uma recomendação oficial brasileira do melhor de substrato para implantação desse tipo de grama. Outra dificuldade é que os gramados necessitam de cortes frequentes, o que eleva o custo de manutenção. Assim uma alternativa, seria o uso do herbicida Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de substratos e de sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, de 14 de abril a 8 de setembro de 2017. Os tapetes de grama bermuda hibrido Tifton 419 foram implantados em contêineres de plástico preto (volume 8,46 litros) com diferentes substratos, sendo o experimento dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente foi verificada a influência dos substratos no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento do gramado com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 12 repetições. Após 60 dias, foi realizada a primeira aplicação das sub-doses de glyphosate, e assim, iniciada a segunda parte do experimento, formando um esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x doses de glyphosate), com três repetições. Os substratos foram: S1-solo, S2-areia, S3-solo+areia. (1:1), S4-solo+areia+composto orgânico (1:1:1) e S5–composto orgânico+areia (1:1), e as sub-doses de glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 e 600 g ha-1 do i.a. Foram realizadas análises químicas e físicas dos substratos, pigmentos fotossintéticos, massa fresca e seca das folhas e análise foliar dos macronutrientes. Observou-se que os substratos a base de composto orgânico apresentaram os melhores resultados dos parâmetros avaliados, destacando-se S4- solo + areia + composto orgânico (1:1:1), com excelentes valores para as análises físicas e químicas. Houve efeito das sub-doses de glyphosate no desenvolvimento do gramado, sendo que a dose de 400 g ha-1 do i.a. proporcionou redução da massa fresca e seca sem alterações severas nos macronutrientes e pigmentos fotossintéticos de Tifton 419. / Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Is currently the most widely used in high performance sports fields. However, there is no official Brazilian recommendation of the best substrate for implantation of this type of grass. Another difficulty is that turfgrass need frequent cuts, which raises the cost of maintenance. Thus an alternative would be the use of the herbicide Glyphosate as growth regulator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and sub-doses of glyphosate as a growth regulator on the development of bermudagrass. The experiment was conducted at Campus II of the Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus, from April 14 to September 8, 2017. The Tifton 419 hybrid Bermuda grass carpets were implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 liters) with different substrates, the experiment being divided into two parts. The influence of the substrates in the establishment and development of the turfgrass with 5 treatments (substrates) and 12 replicates was verified initially. After 60 days, the first sub-doses of glyphosate were applied, and the second part of the experiment was started, forming a factorial scheme 5 x 4 (substrates x sub-doses of glyphosate), with three replicates. The substrates were: S1-soil, S2-sand, S3-soil + sand. (1:1), S4-soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1) and S5-organic compost + sand (1:1), and sub-doses of glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 of the a.i. were performed, chemical and physical analyzes of the substrates, photosynthetic pigments, fresh and dry mass of the leaves and foliar analysis of the macronutrients. It was observed that the substrates based on organic compounds presented the best results of the evaluated parameters, standing out S4- soil + sand + organic compound (1:1:1), with excellent values for the physical and chemical analyzes. There was an effect of sub-doses of glyphosate on lawn development, with the dose of 400 g ha-1 of the a.i. yielded fresh and dry mass reduction without severe changes in macronutrients and photosynthetic pigments of Tifton 419.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gerolineto_e_me_jabo.pdf: 292237 bytes, checksum: 3d56e87cb5af9da13c13b0755e29d5b9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A grama-esmeralda (Zoysia japonica STEUD) é uma das mais importantes gramas comercializadas no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o seu desenvolvimento, sob dois manejos de irrigação: T1 – irrigado quando a leitura do tensiômetro foi igual a–50 kPa, onde uma lâmina de água foi calculada pelo do Método de Penman-Monteith, por dados obtidos em uma estação meteorológica automatizada; T2 – irrigado segundo procedimentos adotados pelo gramicultor (vinte minutos de aspersão em média). O experimento foi conduzido no Sítio Santo Antonio da empresa Green-Park Gramados Ornamentais, em Pitangueiras, SP, de novembro de 2006 a outubro de 2007. As avaliações dos tratamentos foram mensais, sendo coletadas das áreas experimentais amostras em forma de cubo, com 10 centímetros de aresta. Em cada amostra foi avaliada a altura da maior folha, matéria seca aérea e matéria seca radicular. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cada repetição foi representada pela média de quatro amostras. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que o tratamento T1 teve maior desenvolvimento da grama esmeralda em cinco dos doze meses de experimento. / The aim of this work was to study the development of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica STEUD) great economic importance in Brazil, under two irrigation levels: T1 treatment: irrigated when reading tensionmeter was –50 kPa and irrigated by the Penman-Monteith method, obtained through meteorological station; and T2 treatment: irrigated according to procedures adopted by the grower of grass (twenty minutes of spraying). The experiment was conducted on Green Park Farm, located in Pitangueiras City, SP, november 2006 to october 2007, in one year. The evaluations were monthly, and collected from areas experimental samples were in the shape of a cube, with 10 cm in length x width x height. It was measured the height of the largest sheet of each sample, then sheet and the roots of each sample were dried in oven for further weighing. The experiment was conducted in a experimental design randomized, in a total of two treatments and eight repetitions. The statistical analyses showed in the T1 treatment the best development of zoysiagrass, in one year.

Orientador: José Eduardo Pitelli Turco / Banca: José Renato Zanini / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Resumo: A grama-esmeralda (Zoysia japonica STEUD) é uma das mais importantes gramas comercializadas no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o seu desenvolvimento, sob dois manejos de irrigação: T1 - irrigado quando a leitura do tensiômetro foi igual a-50 kPa, onde uma lâmina de água foi calculada pelo do Método de Penman-Monteith, por dados obtidos em uma estação meteorológica automatizada; T2 - irrigado segundo procedimentos adotados pelo gramicultor (vinte minutos de aspersão em média). O experimento foi conduzido no Sítio Santo Antonio da empresa Green-Park Gramados Ornamentais, em Pitangueiras, SP, de novembro de 2006 a outubro de 2007. As avaliações dos tratamentos foram mensais, sendo coletadas das áreas experimentais amostras em forma de cubo, com 10 centímetros de aresta. Em cada amostra foi avaliada a altura da maior folha, matéria seca aérea e matéria seca radicular. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições, sendo cada repetição foi representada pela média de quatro amostras. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que o tratamento T1 teve maior desenvolvimento da grama esmeralda em cinco dos doze meses de experimento. / Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the development of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica STEUD) great economic importance in Brazil, under two irrigation levels: T1 treatment: irrigated when reading tensionmeter was -50 kPa and irrigated by the Penman-Monteith method, obtained through meteorological station; and T2 treatment: irrigated according to procedures adopted by the grower of grass (twenty minutes of spraying). The experiment was conducted on Green Park Farm, located in Pitangueiras City, SP, november 2006 to october 2007, in one year. The evaluations were monthly, and collected from areas experimental samples were in the shape of a cube, with 10 cm in length x width x height. It was measured the height of the largest sheet of each sample, then sheet and the roots of each sample were dried in oven for further weighing. The experiment was conducted in a experimental design randomized, in a total of two treatments and eight repetitions. The statistical analyses showed in the T1 treatment the best development of zoysiagrass, in one year. / Mestre

The atmosphere distorts the spectrum of remotely sensed data, negatively affecting all forms of investigating Earth's surface. To gather reliable data, it is vital that atmospheric corrections are accurate. The current state of the field of atmospheric correction does not account well for the benefits and costs of different correction algorithms. Ground spectral data are required to evaluate these algorithms better. This dissertation explores using cameras as radiometers as a means of gathering ground spectral data. I introduce techniques to implement a camera systems for atmospheric correction using off the shelf parts. To aid the design of future camera systems for radiometric correction, methods for estimating the system error prior to construction, calibration and testing of the resulting camera system are explored. Simulations are used to investigate the relationship between the reflectance accuracy of the camera system and the quality of atmospheric correction. In the design phase, read noise and filter choice are found to be the strongest sources of system error. I explain the calibration methods for the camera system, showing the problems of pixel to angle calibration, and adapting the web camera for scientific work. The camera system is tested in the field to estimate its ability to recover directional reflectance from BRF data. I estimate the error in the system due to the experimental set up, then explore how the system error changes with different cameras, environmental set-ups and inversions. With these experiments, I learn about the importance of the dynamic range of the camera, and the input ranges used for the PROSAIL inversion. Evidence that the camera can perform within the specification set for ELM correction in this dissertation is evaluated. The analysis is concluded by simulating an ELM correction of a scene using various numbers of calibration targets, and levels of system error, to find the number of cameras needed for a full-scale implementation.

Many pesticides are listed as possible or probable human carcinogens, leading to a public concern over their environmental impact. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have been developed to intercept runoff water and prevent pesticides from contaminating surface and ground water. The first half of this project identified five plants (big blue stem, blue flag iris, eastern gama grass, prairie cord grass and wool grass) that best removed pesticides from contaminated soil. The current study evaluated four treatment groups: the five selected plant species arranged (1) randomly, (2) in a succession from short (upslope) to tall (downslope), (3) turfgrass cut to three heights from short (upslope) to tall (downslope) and (4) unvegetated (UVFS), in an effort to optimize vegetative filter strips to reduce the movement of pesticides contained in runoff from turfgrass environments. Simulated rainfall was applied to 12 VFS (0.91 m x 4.6 m x 1.83 m), each with a 5% slope. The VFS were used to evaluate the effect of three vegetated treatments on the effectiveness of VFS for mitigation of pesticide-contaminated runoff from treated turf. For the runon simulation, five pesticides (chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, pendimethalin, and propiconazole) were added at 5% their maximum application rate for turfgrass to a nurse tank containing the amount of runoff expected to occur from an uphill turf plot (5.5 m2) during either a 1- (6.1 cm) or 5-yr (9.65 cm) rain event. Runoff samples were collected at the downhill base (bottom) of each VFS and analyzed for pesticides to determine the effectiveness of VFS at mitigating runoff water and the pesticides contained. Soil core and soil pore water samples were taken periodically post-application. All samples were analyzed for applied pesticides and quantified by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. All vegetated treatments were more effective in decreasing the runoff volume and the associated pesticide concentration when compared with UVFS, with turfgrass being the most effective of the three treatments. This research validates the use of VFS in slowing the flow of runon water significantly enough for it to infiltrate into the soil, instead of leaving the VFS as runoff. VFS are already suggested as a best management practice to prevent pesticides from leaving many agricultural sites treated with pesticides, but this research suggests their widespread use on golf courses, parks, athletic fields and home lawns could greatly reduce the amount of pesticides in runoff waters from turf environments and help keep our waterways clean.

No description available.