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<p>This essay is about Turkey and its relation to the European union. EU is originally an economic organization; today it has developed to involve other aspect like culture and history. By using theories like motivation and non-decision making I have studied the reason why Turkey is still waiting in the agenda of the union. With the help of the theories I have discussed about Turkey’s possibilities to become a member of the European union. By illustrate some hindrances like the custom union and the European identity, I would explain the reason of the delay for association negotiation for Turkey. This hindrance makes huge obstacles for Turkey but I believe that then the identity within the union evolves Turkey can be a part of the European union in the future.</p>

This study investigates socio-cultural factors that impact the lives of highly creative writers, specifically, novelists in a specific socio-cultural context, Turkey. Research objectives included the investigation of the definition of creativity, creative processes and products by highly creative Turkish writers, and socio-cultural factors that influenced the development of their creativity. The qualitative case study was used and interviews with four participants, or cases, shed light onto the focus of the study. Four novelists who fit certain criteria were selected: (a) they have invented, designed, and produced creative work regularly and their work has influenced Turkish literature; (b) they were Turkish citizens who have lived 75% of their lives in Turkey and received their education in Turkey; and (c) they varied in age and gender. The participants were Yaşar Kemal (85, male), Adalet Ağaoğlu (81, female), Mario Levi (51, male), and Latife Tekin (51, female). Interviews with the participants were transcribed, translated from Turkish into English, and analyzed. The constant comparative method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Lincoln & Guba, 1985) was used as the method of analysis. Other documents about the participants were also used as data sources. Results indicate that participants’ views of creativity resemble both Western and non-Western views of creativity and their views of creative processes and products are similar to former research findings on creative individuals and creativity in general. Overarching themes include (a) environmental catalysts that prompted creativity; (b) emotional and professional support networks in participants’ lives; and (c) participants’ self-efficacy. Although environmental catalysts include events that cause both positive and negative emotions, two of the participants emphasize the role of negative feelings, such as anger and sadness, in the stimulation of creativity. The participants have had various sources of support from either certain individuals, such as a teacher or a friend, or groups of individuals, such as their readers. Participants’ self-efficacy emerges from various personality traits such as determination, persistence, rebelliousness, outspokenness, and independence. Findings indicate that education is an important socio-cultural factor that can enhance or hinder creativity and that teachers have a crucial role in the development of their students.

Rio Grande wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) numbers in the southeastern region of the Edwards Plateau (EP) have shown a significant decline since the 1970s; however, the remainder of the EP had stable populations during this period. Since 2001, research has been conducted in the southeastern EP evaluating factors which could be responsible for the decline of Rio Grande turkeys in this region of Texas. I used digital cameras to evaluate the effect of nest predation on the reproductive success of Rio Grande wild turkeys in the region. Nest predation was the leading cause of nest loss in my study and I documented frequent predation events involving ≥1 predator species. While studying nest predation, I examined the effects of my methods, and those commonly used by others, on nest success. Nests with cameras failed at the same frequency as those without cameras but at a faster rate. Predation rates observed for artificial nests underestimated predation rates of real nests. Additionally, I photographed known turkey nest predators at 27% of random points with no eggs, suggesting that nest predation could be a random process depending on the nest predator’s unique search image. I also examined the spatial structure of the habitat surrounding nest locations of turkeys on my study sites to evaluate the effect of disturbance on nest-site selection. Out of 59 nests located on the Kerr Wildlife Management Area from 2005 through 2007, only 5 were in areas that had not been burned in the 9 years prior. Turkeys in my study consistently chose areas characteristic of the fire maintained, oak–juniper savanna historically found in the region.

Antioxidant activity of dried plum powder (DPP) at 3% was compared to rosemary extract (RE) at 0.05% in turkey breakfast sausages which were stored under three aerobic conditions: raw refrigerated (RR; 6 degrees C), raw and precooked frozen (RF and PF, respectively; -23 degrees C). Sausage links were tested on specific days over a 56 day shelf-life. Analyses included pH, proximate composition, objective color (CIE L*, a*,b*), lipid oxidation (TBARS), aerobic plate count and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, sensory, reheat yields and shear force. All RR treatments surpassed the threshold of 3 for TBARS by day 6. Spoilage occurred by day 3 for all RR treatments (> 6.0 log10). Treatments containing DPP had lower TBARS values for RF (P < 0.05) and PF (P &lt; 0.01). DPP containing treatments had lower external and internal L* values and a* values while internal b* values were higher. Sensory scores for plum and sweet were higher, while cardboard and rancidity were lower in treatments containing DPP. Sensory scores for cardboard and rancidity were lower for RF and higher for PF treatments. Reheated cooked yields and shear force values for PF treatments held either 15 or 30 min showed an increasing trend with subsequent storage. Proximate composition data showed no significant differences for fat, moisture, and protein. DPP containing treatments were different from other treatments having a lower pH except for the PF RE treatment. The addition of DPP at 3% into a turkey breakfast sausage had an inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation in a RF and PF treatments. Inclusion of DPP darkened the external and internal appearance and increased yellowness as well as increasing the sweetness and plum flavor.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Political Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR46010

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Robert Looney, Donald Abenheim. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-109). Also available online.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Philosophy

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This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.