Abstract in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / The environment in which a business operates consists of various forces which exert positive or negative influences on the business. Since they contribute to or deter from the achievement of business objectives, it is essential that they be identified and investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental forces which affect the operations of small, medium and micro independent caterers in Cape Town. In this context, the micro, market and macro-environments were examined. It is hoped that the results of the study will assist these caterers in their awareness of pertinent factors in their business environment, as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats arising therein. They can use this information in strategy development, to reach their objectives, and to enhance their competitive advantage and profitability. Primary data was collected from the business owners or managers through an online survey. The survey covered firmographic business details, as well as demographic details of the owners/managers. Thereafter, their opinions were elicited regarding the impact of various factors in their business environment. The main findings are the following: The greatest positive impacts on the small, medium and micro independent caterers are the abilities of the owners/managers, relationships with suppliers, the internet, and the control of materials and production processes. The greatest challenges faced are financial resources, marketing strategies, online services, competitors, customer demands, the current state of the economy and legal regulations. / Die omgewing waarin 'n onderneming werksaam is, bestaan uit verskeie magte wat die onderneming positief of negatief kan beïnvloed. Aangesien dit tot die onderneming se doelstellings kan bydra of keer dat die onderneming dit bereik, is dit noodsaaklik dat dit geïdentifiseer en ondersoek word. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omgewingsmagte te bepaal wat die werksaamhede van klein, medium en mikro-onafhanklike spyseniers in Kaapstad beïnvloed. In hierdie konteks is die mikro-, mark- en makro-omgewings ondersoek. Die hoop is dat die bevindings van die studie hierdie spyseniers sal help om bewus te wees van die toepaslike faktore in hul sakeomgewing asook hul sterkpunte, swakpunte, geleenthede en bedreigings wat daarin tot stand kom. Hulle kan hierdie inligting gebruik om 'n strategie te ontwikkel om hul doelstellings te bereik en hul mededingingsvoorsprong en winsgewendheid te bevorder. Primêre data is van sake-eienaars of -bestuurders verkry deur 'n aanlyn opname. Die opname het die onderneming se firmografiese besonderhede asook die eienaars/bestuurders se demografiese besonderhede gedek. Daarna is hul menings oor die invloed van verskeie faktore in hul sakeomgewing gevra. Die volgende is bevind: Die grootste positiewe invloede op klein, medium en mikro-onafhanklike spyseniers is die eienaars/bestuurders se vermoëns, verhoudings met verskaffers, die internet en die beheer van materiale en produksieprosesse. Die grootste uitdagings was finansiële hulpbronne, bemarkingstrategieë, aanlyn dienste, mededingers, klante se eise, die huidige stand van die ekonomie en wetlike regulasies. / Indawo eliqhubeka kuyo ishishini inamasolotya amaninzi asenokuba nefuthe elihle okanye elibi kwishishini elo. Njengoko la masolotya encedisa okanye ethintela ukuphunyezwa kweenjongo zeshishini, kubalulekile ukuba anakanwe kwaye aphandwe. Injongo yesi sifundo yayikukuphonononga amanqanaba achaphazela ukusebenza kwamashishini okupheka azimeleyo, amancinci, aphakathi namancinci kakhulu eKapa. Kule meko, kwaqwalaselwa iindawo zokusebenza ezincinci kakhulu, ezinkulu kakhulu neemarike. Kuthenjwa ukuba iziphumo zesi sifundo ziya kubanceda oosomashishini bokupheka ukuze baqaphele imibandela ebalulekileyo malunga nomsebenzi wabo, baqonde amandla, ubuthathaka kunye namathuba avelayo kolu shishino. Bangalusebenzisa olu lwazi ekuqulunqeni amacebo obulumko okuphumeza iinjongo zabo kunye nokomeleza amathuba abo okuphumelela kukhuphiswano nokwenza inzala. Kwenziwa uhlolo zimvo kusetyenziswa i-intanethi ekuqokeleleni ulwazi ngqo kubanini nabaphathi bamashishini. Olu hlolo zimvo lwaqwalasela iinkcukacha ezingundoqo zamashishini kwakunye nesibalo sabanini/abaphathi bamashishini. Emva koko, kwafunwa izimvo zabo malunga nefuthe lemiba ethile kwiindawo zabo zoshishino. Okuphambili okwafunyaniswayo koku: Okona kukhulu okuchaphazela kakuhle amashishini okupheka azimeleyo amancinci, aphakathi namancinci kakhulu ngamandla okuba nakho abanini/abaphathi, ulwalamano nabo bathengisa izixhobo zokuqhuba ishishini, i-intanethi, kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zokuvelisa. Eyona mingeni iphambili yimithombo yemali, amacebo okubhengeza ishishini, iinkonzo zokuthenga ngeintanethi, abakhuphisani, izinyanzeliso zabaxumi, isimo sezoqoqosho esigqubayo kwakunye nemigaqo yomthetho. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Text in English with abstracts in English, isiXhosa and isiZulu / Research about intimate partner violence (hereafter IPV) in South Africa indicate that there are high prevalence rates. The negative effects of this phenomenon create a wide range of physical, mental and emotional problems for those exposed to it. There have been various intervention programmes designed to address IPV. However, the high incidence indicates that these have been ineffective. Seeking to explore women’s lived experiences of IPV at a non-profit organisation, this study gathered data from women with experiences of IPV. Eight participants were selected based on purposive sampling technique from a non-profit organization in Johannesburg. Utilizing semi-structured interviews conducted in English for a duration of one hour, data was gathered from the participants. Using IPA and the ecological model as a theoretical framework to interpret the women’s lived experiences. The findings of the study indicated that individual factors such as childhood exposure to violence influenced the women’s lived experiences of IPV. Stereotypical gender roles and economic strains were found to be at the core of the women’s lived experiences of IPV. Furthermore, broader societal values and beliefs about violence proved to validate and normalise the violence women experienced. The findings broaden our understanding of intimate partner violence and offer an opportunity to add knowledge of intimate partner violence in the South African context. / Uphando malunga nobundlobongela obenziwa liqabane othandana nalo (apha okubizwa ngokuba yi-IPV) eMzantsi Afrika lubonakalisa ukuba bukwizinga eliphezulu. Iziphumo ezibi zesi senzeko zidala iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwasengqondweni nangokwasemphefumlweni kwabo basesichengeni sazo. Iinkqubo zongenelelo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziye zayilelwa ukuhlangabezana neIPV. Nangona kunjalo, izehlo eziphezulu zibonakalisa ukuba azikhange zisebenze. Ngokufuna ukuphonononga iimeko amabhinqa aphila phantsi kwazo zeIPV kwiqumrhu elingenzi nzuzo, olu phononongo luqokelele idatha kumabhinqa aphila phantsi kweemeko zeIPV. Abathabathinxaxheba abasibhozo bakhethwa kwiqumrhu elingenzi nzuzo eGoli ngokusekelwe kubuchule bokusampula okunenjongo. Kusetyenziswa udliwanondlebe olwakheke ngokwesiqingatha olwaqhutywa ngesiNgesi ngesithuba seyure enye, idatha yaye yaqokelelwa kubathabathinxaxheba. Uhlalutyo lwamava emo yesenzeko umntu aphila phantsi kwaso (i-IPA) kunye nemodeli yonxibelelwano phakathi koluntu nemekobume yalo zasetyenziswa njengenkqubosikhokelo sethiyori ukutolika iimeko amabhinqa aphila phantsi kwazo. Iziphumo zophononongo zabonakalisa ukuba iimeko ezizodwa ezinje ngokuba sesichengeni sobundlobongela ebuntwaneni ziphembelele iimeko amabhinqa aphila phantsi kwazo zeIPV. Iindima zobuni zeengcinga ezisoloko zisetyenziswa njalo kunye nengxaki yezoqoqosho zafumaniseka zingoyena ndoqo weemeko amabhinqa aphila phantsi kwazo ngokuphathelele kwi-IPV. Kwakhona, imikhwa esulungekileyo yoluntu ngokubanzi kunye neenkolelo malunga nobundlobongela zibonakalise ukwamkela nokubenza bube yinto eqhelekileyo ubundlobongela obuthe behlela amabhinqa.Iziphumo zenza siqonde ngokungaphaya ngeIPV kwaye zinika ithuba lokongeza ulwazi ngeIPV kwimeko yaseMzantsi Afrika. / Ucwaningo mayelana nodlame lwezithandani (emva kwalokhu oluzobizwa nge-IPV) eNingizimu Afrika lukhombisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwamazinga okwanda nokusabalala kwalolu hlobo lodlame kuleli. Imithelela engemihle neze yalolu dlame idala izinkinga eziningi impela kulabo abazithola bebhekene nalolu dlame, okungaba yizinkinga zomzimba, zengqondo kanye nezomphefumulo. Ziningi izinhlelo zokungenelela ezisunguliwe njengomzamo wokuqeda isihlava se-IPV. Kepha-ke, ukubhebhetheka nokusabalala kakhulu kwezigameko zalolu dlame kubonisa ukuthi azisebenzi neze kahle lezi zinhlelo zokungenelela. Lolu cwaningo lwaqoqa idatha kwabesifazane abake bahlangabezana ne-IPV, ngenhloso yokucubungula nokuhlaziya ngokujulile izigameko abadlule kuzona abesifazane abayizisulu ze-IPV abathola usizo enhlanganweni engenzi nzuzo. Ababambiqhaza abayisishiyagalombili abavela enhlanganweni engenzi nzuzo eGoli bakhethwa ngokulandela indlela yokukhetha ababambiqhaza ngokwezici-bunjalo zabo ezihambelana nezinhloso zocwaningo. Idatha yaqoqwa kubabambiqhaza ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo ezingama-semi-structured interviews ezabanjwa ngolimi lwesiNgisi isikhathi esiyihora. Kwasetshenziswa i-interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) kanye ne-ecological model njengohlaka lwethiyori yokuhumusha izigameko abadlule kuzona abesifazane ezimpilweni zabo.Imiphumela-ngqangi yocwaningo yakhombisa ukuthi izimo eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye, njengokuhlangabezana komuntu nodlame ngenkathi eseyingane, kwaba nomthelela kwindlela abesifazane abahlangabezana ngayo nezigameko ze-IPV nezinyathelo abazithathayo kanye nolwazi abaluzuzayo kulokhu. Amaqhaza kanye nemisebenzi ethathwa njengemisebenzi yabesifazane kuphela kanye nezimo zomnotho ezinzima ababhekene nazo abesifazane kwaba nomthelela kwindlela abahlangabezana ngayo nezigameko ze-IPV kanye nezinyathelo abazithathayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimompilo kanye nezinkolelo zomphakathi wonkana eziphathelene nodlame zabonisa ukugunyazeka ngandlelathize kodlame abahlangabezane nalo abesifazane futhi ngokunjalo zalwenza lwaba yinto ethathwa njengejwayelekile. Imiphumela-ngqangi yocwaningo ikhulisa ukuqonda kwethu i-IPV futhi ihlinzeka ngethuba lokwengeza olwazini lwe-IPV oluqondene nesimo saseNingizimu Afrika. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)