Texte remanié de: Diss.--Geschichtswissenschaftliche Fakultät--Tübingen--Eberhard-Karls-Universität, 1990.

Inaug. diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. [6]-7.

Inaug.-Diss.--Freiburg i.B. / Lebenslauf.

Hochsch. der Künste, Diss., 2001--Berlin.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : ? : Tübingen, Universität : 1998. / Bibliogr. p. [505]-541. Index.

Notre thèse se propose d’analyser l’évolution des relations entre les milieux de l’architecture et du design français, de 1969 à 1989. Inspirée par la Hochschule für Gestaltung d’Ulm, permise par la venue en France de l’architecte suisse Claude Schnaidt (1931-2007), dernier vice-recteur de cette prestigieuse école allemande, la première vie de l’Institut de l’Environnement (1969-1971) s’affirme comme la principale rotule de cette étude. Si elle a fragilisé cet établissement situé rue Érasme à Paris, la ligne de tension entre architecture et design, considérés comme des disciplines autonomes, non assujetties l’une à l’autre, traversa de nombreuses autres institutions françaises dans les deux décennies suivantes, du CCI à l’ENSCI. Notre thèse s’attache à mettre au jour ces dynamiques antagonistes, contribuant tantôt à la consolidation des barrières disciplinaires en place, à la complexification du cadastre des pratiques et donc à l’intensification des rivalités entre spécialistes, tantôt à l’instauration de processus de fertilisation croisée, de différents degrés d’interdisciplinarité ou de transversalité (métissages des langages, créolisation des processus de conception, partage d’instruments de travail entre corporations). / This doctoral research studies the evolving relationships between the fields of architecture and industrial design in France, from 1969 to 1989. The early years of the Institut de l’Environnement (1969-1971) stand out as the main articulation of this study. The creation of this institution was inspired by the Hochschule für Gestaltung Ulm and made possible by the arrival in France of Claude Schnaidt (1931-2007) – a Swiss architect who was the last vice-rector of the prestigious German school. The tension between architecture and design, thought of as self-sufficient disciplines, not subject to each other, has weakened this institute located in Paris, rue Érasme. This tension traversed many other French institutions through the next two decades, from the CCI to the ENSCI. This doctoral thesis attempts to uncover these conflicting dynamics. On the one hand, they contributed to the consolidation of existing disciplinary boundaries, to the complexification of the practices' landscape and thus to the intensification of rivalries between specialists. On the other hand, they led to the creation of cross-fertilization process, of different degrees of inter- or transdisciplinarity (interbreeding languages or design process, sharing working tools between corporations).

An evolutionary process currently taking place in engineering systems is the shift from hardware to software where the role of software engineering is becoming more central in developing large engineering systems. This shift represents a trend from a piece-meal vision of software development to a holistic, system-wide vision. The term "software crisis" of 1960's and 1970's was the observation that most software development projects end up with massive cost overruns and schedule delays. The growing complexity of software projects led to Waterfall, Spiral and other models to depict the software development lifecycle. These models are qualitative and study the product, process and project issues in isolation, and do not provide a quantitative framework to depict the various facets of development, testing, maintenance and reuse. In this thesis, a generic, unified lifecycle model (ULM) integrating the product, process and project view of software development based on re-entrant lines is proposed. A reentrant line is a multi-class queueing network that consists of several types of artifacts visiting a set of development teams more than once. An artifact is a general term for any object of information created, produced, changed or used by development teams and it includes items such as requirements specification documents, preliminary and detailed module designs and design documents, code, components, test plans and test suites. The artifacts visit the development teams several times before exiting the system, thus making the flow of artifacts non-acyclic. The main consequence of the re-entrant flow is that several artifacts at different stages of completion compete with each other for service by a development team. The ULM model output is obtained by using the criticality, complexity and usage of artifacts. The model is solved using linear programming and simulation methods. The software development process in a software organisation is represented by the proposed re-entrant line model. The model is used to predict project metrics such as the development time, cost and product quality for any new project to be taken up by the organization. The routing matrix of the artifacts in the ULM can be modified to derive different types of lifecycle models such as Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid models. The ULM may be modified to include software reuse and component-based development. We investigate certain issues involved in software reuse. Reuse of components is modeled as an external arrival of artifacts at different stages in the ULM. Two distinct lifecycles in component based software development, namely, 'development for reuse' and 'development with reuse', are distinguished and the development time and cost for projects are estimated using LP bounds and simulation. The 'development for reuse' lifecycle involves reusable components development that is stored in a reuse library. As the number of components in the reuse library grows over time and with projects, the problem of effective and efficient retrieval of candidate components in order to facilitate systematic reuse becomes the bottleneck. A novel approach where components are stored in a case-base is proposed. The retrieval process is based on a reasoning approach that relies on similar cases (components) in the past to find solutions to the current problem (new software requirements in projects). The selection of candidate components for decisions pertaining to four levels of reuse {reuse as-is, reuse with minor code modifications, reuse of specifications, no reuse or develop afresh} in the current application is modeled using Rough and Fuzzy sets. These methodologies are illustrated with suitable case studies. Maintenance of legacy systems, representing a massive, long-term business investment, is an important but relatively new research area. The ULM is modified to depict the complex set of activities associated with software maintenance. Quantitative metrics such as release time of versions, cost, time and effort for maintenance are estimated using this model. Some of the specific contributions of this thesis are: 1. A unified quantitative lifecycle model (ULM) depicting the software development process is used to obtain project metrics such as development cost, development time and quality based on the product and process attributes for the Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid lifecycle models. 2. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology is used to rank order the suitability of different lifecycle models for a new development project at hand, based on the metrics obtained from ULM. 3. The ULM is modified to depict component-based software development and to integrate reuse as an important basis for software development. Two distinct lifecycles for development for reuse and development with reuse are studied. The 'development for reuse' strategy generates reusable components that are organized and stored in a reuse library. The selection-decision regarding candidate components from this library for reuse in the current application is derived using a Rough and Fussy set methodology. 4. The ULM is adapted to represent the various activities associated with software maintenance. Estimates of maintenance metrics for different strategies of maintenance of legacy systems are obtained.

Diss.--Tübingen--Universität, 1988.

Ulm, Univ., Diss., 2003.

Les considérations environnementales occupent une place croissante dans l'opinion publique ainsi que dans les politiques nationales et internationales. Le cas de la rivière en est un exemple particulièrement frappant : au centre d'enjeux multiples et pour certains hautement stratégiques (énergie, irrigation), elle est le théâtre d'un conflit d'usages donnant lieu à l'établissement de compromis particulièrement fins pour la gestion de la ressource. Dans les approches les plus courantes, la description de l'état et du fonctionnement d'un hydrosystème tel que celui de la rivière est effectuée par la mesure de variables physiques ou la mise en relation des variables d'intérêt avec les paramètres physiques quantifiables caractérisant le milieu (modèles hydrauliques, modèles hydrobiologiques). L'objectif de ce travail est donc de proposer une réponse à la question de la mesure de la géométrie de la rivière par télédétection. On s'attache tout d'abord à décrire le contexte particulier de la rivière mentionné plus haut puis à effectuer un état de l'art faisant ressortir une lacune pour la restitution du relief immergé par stéréo à travers l'eau avec des moyens légers. On propose ensuite une méthode complète d'acquisition d'images et de traitements permettant d'estimer le relief immergé de rivière. Le travail effectué repose sur la mise en oeuvre de moyens technologiques légers permettant une grande flexibilité pour l'acquisition des données. On se base sur les méthodes de stéréorestitution du relief, pour lesquelles on propose une adaptation au contexte spécifique de la photogrammétrie à travers l'eau. Enfin, on met en place des méthodes de correction des mesures brutes intégrant des contraintes a priori (cohérence hydraulique ; cohérence spatiale) pour la correction de l'effet de réfraction. L'application de la méthode développée en conditions opérationnelles sur une rivière peu profonde à fond de galets montre que la mesure du relief immergé par stéréophotogrammétrie est possible, et permet une représentation de la topographie du lit d'une qualité compatible avec les modèles hydrobiologiques (modèles habitat-poisson). On a ainsi développé, testé, validé et determiné les conditions d'application d'une méthode de mesure de la géométrie de la rivière par télédétection originale et complémentaire des technologies existantes.