This paper tries to find out whether a short ban on sales of liquors reduced the harmful use of alcohol with respect to motor vehicle accidents. I make use of short (two weeks) alcohol prohibition which was imposed by the Ministry of Health Care in the Czech Republic in September 2012 aiming to stop the deadly wave of methanol poisoning. To estimate the effect of prohibition on the number of road traffic accidents, I exploit the methodology of differences-in-differences. I use daily data about traffic accidents from the Czech Republic (treatment group) and from neighboring countries such as Austria, Germany and Poland (control group). The result suggests that there is no significant drop in term of road traffic accidents.

My diploma thesis deals with the addictive substances in road transport, especially with alcohol and other narcotic drugs used by drivers of motorized and non-motorized vehicles. The thesis is divided into three main parts. First chapter provides the definition and clarification of the terms. Second chapter, Substantive law, contains two subchapters, Criminal law and Administrative law. The subchapter Criminal law analyzes crimes that can be committed in conjunction with the addictive substances in road transport, namely endangerment under influence of an addictive substance according to § 274 TZ, general endangerment and general endangerment alleging negligence according to § 272 TZ and § 273 TZ and inebriation according to § 360 TZ. The most attention is paid to the offence of endangerment under the influence of an addictive substance, which is, as the most frequently committed crime in connection with the addictive substances, analyzed in terms of elements of crime, complicity and participation, stages of the commission of the crime, qualified elements of crime and sanctions. The second subchapter, Administrative law, examines three mostly committed minor offences related to the addictive substances in road transport. These are minor offences according to § 125c odst. 1 písm. b), písm. c) and...

Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

Objetivo: A principal finalidade desse estudo foi verificar a diferença entre dois grupos de motoristas – aqueles que apresentaram alcoolemia positiva medida através de etilômetro e/ou uso prévio de outras SPAs, averiguado através de exame de saliva, e aqueles que não apresentaram – em relação a comportamentos de risco, transtorno depressivo maior, mania e hipomania, TEPT, e TPAS, assim como abuso ou dependência de SPAs. Método: Em um estudo transversal, 1.134 motoristas que dirigiam em rodovias federais brasileiras foram avaliados através de etilômetro para verificar alcoolemia e teste de saliva para verificar a presença de drogas. Posteriormente, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas, foram avaliados em relação a transtornos psiquiátricos e comportamentos de risco. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos (motoristas com resultados positivos para uso de substâncias (n=82) e motoristas com resultados negativos (n=1052)). Os resultados foram comparados com o teste qui-quadrado e com análise de regressão logística. Em relação aos comportamentos de risco, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de motoristas. Resultados: Motoristas que apresentaram uso de SPAs apresentaram maior prevalência de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como depressão (21,8%), mania/hipomania (20,8%), TEPT (10,7%), TPAS (9,0%), abuso de substâncias (24,5%) quando comparados com outros motoristas (5,8%, 7,1%, 0,4%, 1,2% e 2,8%, respectivamente). Participantes com algum diagnóstico psiquiátrico tinham 4,47 mais chance de apresentar o desfecho. Aqueles com dependência/abuso de alguma SPA tinham 5,47 mais chance de dirigir sob influência de álcool ou drogas. Conclusões: Indivíduos que dirigem sob influência de álcool e/ou outras drogas podem precisar de avaliações e intervenções destinadas para transtornos psiquiátricos específicos. Esses resultados poderão servir como base ao desenvolvimento e implementação de políticas públicas no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Transtornos psiquiátricos, comportamentos de risco, álcool, substâncias psicoativas, dirigir sob influência de substâncias. / Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between two groups of drivers – drivers who, on recruitment of the sample, showed blood alcohol content recorded by breathalyzer and previous use of other psychoactive substances examined through saliva test and those who didn’t drive under the influence – regarding risky behaviors, major depression disorder, mania and hypomania, PTSD and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), as well as substances abuse or dependence. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 1,134 individuals driving on federal highways in Brazilian cities took alcohol breathalyzer tests and drug saliva tests and were evaluated, thru telephonic interview, regarding psychiatric disorders and risky behaviors. Participants were divided into two groups (drivers who tested positive for substances (n=82) and those who did not (n=1052)). Data were compared by the Chisquare test and with a logistic regression model. Results: Substance positive drivers reported a significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses like depression (21.8%), mania/hypomania (20.8%), post traumatic stress disorder (10.7%), antisocial personality (9.0%), substance use (24.5%) when compared to other drivers (5.8%, 7.1%, 0.4%, 1.2% and 2.8%, respectively). Participants with a psychiatric symptom were 4.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. Similarly, participants with a substance use disorder were 5.47 times more likely to test positive for substance use. There were no significant differences between the groups of drivers, related to risky behaviors. Conclusion: Individuals who drive under the influence of drugs and alcohol may need assessments and interventions targeted to specific psychiatric disorders. These results will inform the development of public policies in Brazil.

Adequacy of penal sanction: Comparison of punishing traffic criminal offences and decumbent traffic administrative offences committed under influence of addictive substances in Czech and Slovak republic. Master's Thesis Michal Mikuš Summary. This thesis makes survey on a punishing adequacy of traffic offences committed under influence of alcohol and the other addictive substances. The theoretical basis, that knowledge is necessary prerequisite for reviewing punishing adequacy, like theories of punishment, purpose of punishment and a principle of adequacy, are in the theoretical part of the thesis. In the special part of the thesis is comparison of valid and effective law in the Czech and Slovak Republic. The practical part of the thesis is composed of an analysis of decisions delivered by the County Traffic Inspectorate Banská Bystrica, County Traffic Inspectorate Bratislava I., Banská Bystrica County Court, Bratislava I. County Court, City Hall of Zlín, City Hall of Prague, Zlín County Court and the Prague 2 Circuit Court. The analysis is composed not only of punishment adequacy review, but also of the all substantive and procedural deficiencies, that occurred in the decisions of particular state's body. At the end is provided comparison of analysis outcomes, which stemmed from decisions of national...

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal