Master's Thesis focuses on development of unemployment in countries of Central Europe, specifically on example of Czech and Slovak republic. Aim of Master's Thesis is to analyse and name the causes of unemployment in Czech and Slovak republic, esprecially during the period after the year 1993, when these two countries separated. First, theoretical part describes the reasons and different kinds of unemployment. Included are also sociological, psychological and health aspects. Methodological part describes the mothods used for Master's Thesis processing. Naming and comparison of different unemployment reasons in Czech and Slovek republic are creating the content of practical part of this Master's Thesis.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, and to find their differences with the main emphasis on the period after accession to the EU and the following effect the by economic crisis. The theoretical part provides the basic aspects related to unemployment, together with the chapter on the current state of knowledge of Czech and Slovak unemployment. At the beginning of the practical part, the development of unemployment in 1993-2003 is outlined, and it is followed by the main part of the work focused on the period 2004-2013. The particular chapters are focused on the accession of the CR and SR to the EU, changes in the structure of the economic status of the population in the labor market, precautious effecting unemployment and especially unemployment development with regard to the economic development of the states. Apart from the overall unemployment rate the attention is focused on the issue of long-term unemployment, the involvement of women, older workers and young job seekers in the labor market. The final part provides a summary of the differences found in the development of unemployment in the CR and SR and their probable causes.

This dissertation is focused on the complexity of flexibility and uncertainty of the Czech Republic labour market in the period between 2005 and 2014. The aim of the dissertation is analysis of the impact of economic development on flexibility and uncertainty of the labour market and subsequent development of unemployment. The theoretical part contains definitions of labour market, institutional environment of labour market and groups vulnerable to unemployment. Analytical part concentrates on analysis of influence of the labour market phenomena on the GDP development in the stated period. The dissertation will be formulated utilizing the use of descriptive, comparative and faktorial analysis and with the use of data published by the Czech statistical office, Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and the Eurostat.

The substantial increase in the unemployment rate after the crisis in the year 2008, its persistence and slow gradual decreasing in European countries is the reason that makes us think about if the theory of hysteresis is applicable to European labour markets. The main objective of this work is to verify the hypothesis of hysteresis in labour markets at regional level in Greece and Spain. The unit root tests were used on the time series of unemployment rate between 2001-2015 for Greek regions and 2002-2016 for the Spanish regions. The result is that the theory of hysteresis in unemployment is applicable on all the regions in both countries. When the data series of employment are used, the results are different. In Greece only Crete and in Spain regions Andalusia, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Kastilie la Mancha, Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia and Ceuta exhibit the hysteresis in employment. There are also differences between rates of men and women in Spanish regions. When unemployment rates are considered, only three region have different results. But when employments rates are used most of women's time series can't be described as non-stationary in contrast of those of the men's.

This thesis analyzes the development of mandatory expenditures in the Czech Republic, especially unemployment benefits for the years 2010 and 2011. In the first part of the work I analyze in detail the structure of mandatory expenditures and graphically depicts their development until 2010. The second chapter is devoted to the national employment policy and its structure. Detail is characterized by an active employment policy and its instruments. The final chapter is devoted to passive employment policy, development and the amount of unemployment benefits and whether this contribution may discourage work.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Statistics)) --University of Limpopo, 2017. / South Africa is one of the countries with chronic high unemployment rate. The unemployment rate has consistently been above 24% for a considerable period of time. It is important for policy and decision makers to know the type of persons who are unemployed, and underemployed in order to come up with the right intervention. The purpose of this study was to find and describe the determinants of unemployment, underemployment, and earnings in South Africa. In order to realize the objectives of the study, secondary data from 2012 Quarterly Labour Force Survey was used. Statistics South Africa collects labour market related information from persons between the age of 15 and 64. The data have information on status of unemployment, underemployment and earnings and other related to variables. Logistic regression was applied on the data and it was found that age, gender, population group, marital status, level of education, and province were significant determinants of unemployment in South Africa. Gender, population group, sector, marital status and contract duration were found to be significantly associated with time-related underemployment. Generalised linear model was applied on the data and it was found that gender, population group, marital status, level of education contract duration, geographical location, and sector were the determinants of earnings.

This master’s thesis deals with employment questions in the Trenčín region. The analytical part of this thesis is devoted to the description of current situation at the labor market in this region and consequentially several measures are suggested to contribute to the decrease of the unemployment rate.

Thesis( M.Com. (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The concepts of economic growth and unemployment are at the beginning of the most important variables in the sense that all economies are choosing and implementing economic policies. The study examined the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in South Africa during 2005 to 2016 using the quarterly time series data. Cointegration test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and granger causality test were employed in the analysis. The variables utilized in the investigation include the gross domestic product (LGDP), unemployment rate (UN), labour productivity (LP) and government budget deficit (GD). Stationarity test was conducted and the results indicated that all the variables were found stationary at first difference. Johansen Cointegration test confirmed that the long run relationship exist among variables under the study. More so, the VECM results showed that unemployment (UN) has a negative and insignificant impact on the gross domestic product (LGDP). Finally, the study also tested the granger causality between the variables to determine the short run relationship. Based on the findings above, the study therefore recommends that the government needs to cut taxes for businesses and individuals to increase investment spending to stimulate economic growth. Moreover, government should as a matter of urgency create more employment opportunities to absorb the teeming population of the unemployed labour force in the country through modernization of the agricultural sector, bring in modern equipment in the facilities of agriculture to make the sector more attractive to all citizens despite one’s qualifications and professions, as that alone would go a long way in reducing unemployment level in the country.

Thesis (M. Dev. (Planning and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Local Economic Development (LED) has been practised in different countries to deal with poverty and unemployment at the local level. The success that the LED brought upon towards addressing these economic problems, led to the South African government to also undertake the LED initiatives to address poverty and unemployment that exist at the municipal level. Therefore, municipalities which are strategically closest to communities are responsible for poverty alleviation and employment creation in their local areas. The study sought to investigate the effectiveness of LED on poverty alleviation in rural areas of South Africa. The research objectives were as follows: to explore the concept of Local Economic Development, determine the types of poverty alleviation models and to assess the effectiveness of Local Economic Development to alleviate poverty in rural areas of South Africa. The study applied a semi-structured questionnaire and further considered literature review to achieve the research objectives focusing on Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality. A simple random sampling method was employed to select appropriately 100 participants in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process data, whilst, the content analysis method was also used for descriptive statistics. The study discovered that lack of resources including staff, skills and budget affect the undertakings of the LED activities in the communities negatively. Moreover, it was revealed that there is a need for community participation particularly towards successful implementation of the LED.

This paper examines how a reduction in EPL affects the utility of older workers, by changing the probability of re-employment as well as the risk of becoming unemployed. I generalize the Bailey-Chetty framework and make a one-period model that shows maximizing search behavior of the agent. With data from previous studies, and Swedish authorities, the model is calibrated. The results show predominant negative welfare effects. When the re-employment probability increases more than the risk of becoming unemployed decreases, one will need to increase the compensation less compared to when the risk of becoming unemployed increases more than the re-employment probability. The result also exclusively shows that the current social security fund is too generous and had to be reduced to reach an optimal level. On the other hand, the social security fund is more optimal when the probability of re-employment increases more than the risk of becoming unemployed. Furthermore, the results show that younger workers have a worse welfare from the unemployment insurance fund compared to older workers.