Challenges associated with ensuring the accuracy and reliability of cost estimation of highway bid items, especially during the conceptual phase of a project, are of significant interest to state highway agencies. Even with the existing research undertaken on the subject, the problem of inaccurate estimation of highway bid items still exists. A systematic literature review was performed to determine research trends, identify, categorize the factors influencing highway unit prices, and assess the performance of conceptual cost prediction models. This research proposes a geographic information system (GIS)?based methodology that leverages vast historical bid data for unit-price estimation and the robust GIS capabilities with consideration of the effects of project-specific location and variations due to cost escalation on different bid items. A comparison of the three spatial interpolation techniques operationalized in this research revealed that disjunctive and empirical Bayesian kriging models led to more accurate cost prediction than ordinary kriging algorithms.

In the more expert practice, we need an expert report, the main part of the budget works.The budget for the construction of the most by the degrese of project documentation. For the purposes of the budget for expert in most cases does not have the komplete project documentation, is contained in the file on the basis of oral communication to stakeholders and on the basic of which it requires, or which shall ensure in the measurement. The more quality work is available, the more accurate the output in the form of a budget.There is currently no single procedur efor the construction of production in an expert opinion. For theis mason, i tis the main aim of this thesis in a flowchart, the overview of the possibilities of obtaining the neceséry supporting documents to the budget and the tool works and how Theky should proceed in that report. Use the flowchart in expert practice shall be verified at model examples in the conclusion of this dissertation.