Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T14:56:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GISELLE MOTTA DE PAULA.pdf: 3572898 bytes, checksum: a31f419fbaeabca502d79c694f971e8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T14:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GISELLE MOTTA DE PAULA.pdf: 3572898 bytes, checksum: a31f419fbaeabca502d79c694f971e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-15 / Architectural sustainability comprises applied methods, techniques and a project concept aiming towards a more efficient use of natural resources, minimizing the impact of the human constructions on the environment. In this work, environmentally friendly approaches based on internationally standards were tested and analyzed on a sample of high and middle class residential vertical urban buildings of Goiânia. Our results shows the adoption of sustainable methods and techniques by the majority of projects, but also demonstrate that the less equipped buildings are the ones that make more use of this argument as marketing appeal. Modern practices of architectural conception, as management actions are efficient on minimizing energetic and hydric demands, and this fact translates on evident financial advantage for its inhabitants of the most advanced buildings. It is possible to conclude that the application of such methods and practices are currently growing among construction companies, with advances on the comprehension of sustainability concepts on actions and practices, contributing for a healthier planet. / Sustentabilidade na arquitetura consiste na aplicação de métodos, técnicas e concepção para um uso mais eficiente dos recursos naturais, objetivando minimizar o impacto das construções no ambiente urbano ou natural. Neste estudo, iniciativas ambientalmente amigáveis preconizadas em normas internacionais foram avaliadas e analisadas em uma amostra de edifícios residenciais de médio e alto padrão, de construção recente em Goiânia. Os resultados demonstram a adoção de medidas e práticas sustentáveis na maioria dos projetos, porém evidenciam que as amostras que mais carecem dessas iniciativas são as que mais as exploram em seu material de propaganda. Modernas práticas de concepção arquitetônica, bem como práticas, demonstram eficiência em minimizarem demandas energéticas e hídricas, e isso é traduzido em benefício financeiro para os habitantes das amostras com iniciativas mais avançadas. Conclui-se que estamos iniciando a sustentabilidade, desde o entendimento do termo, o procedimento, as ações, e levar ao conhecimento das pessoas que cada detalhe, cada gesto, cada ação é fundamental para a sobrevivência do planeta.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:24:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorenzo Campos Coiado.pdf: 6103508 bytes, checksum: c9033d87024f0bd094c3b96518ddfa4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / This work presents an analysis of the electromagnetic field in urban buildings having as motivation the search for buildings sustainability. The study of certifications that evaluate buildings environmental performance raises the need to study the electromagnetic fields, which is considered one factor of human comfort. The study of electromagnetic fields allows the development of analytical methodologies of the "Field Energy? (around 60 Hz) and "Field Communication" (with frequencies in the range between 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz). The analysis of the emissions makes possible to identify the sources causing electromagnetic emissions and their mitigation. As sustainability solution, it was developed a non-destructive sensor for monitoring the energy efficiency of buildings, enabling a simple and inexpensive solution to assess the energy consumption of a building without destroying existing installations. / Este trabalho apresenta uma an?lise das emiss?es de campos eletromagn?ticos em edifica??es urbanas tendo como motiva??o a busca pela sustentabilidade de edifica??es. O estudo de certifica??es que avaliam o desempenho ambiental real?ou a necessidade de estudar os campos eletromagn?ticos dispersos no ar, sendo este um dos fatores de conforto humano. O estudo dos campos eletromagn?ticos permite o desenvolvimento de metodologias de an?lise do ?Campo Energia? (com frequ?ncia em torno de 60 Hz) e ?Campo Telecomunica??es? (com frequ?ncias na faixa entre 915 MHz e 2.4GHz). A an?lise das emiss?es torna poss?vel identificar onde est?o localizadas as fontes causadoras das emiss?es eletromagn?ticas e possibilita sua mitiga??o. Como solu??o de sustentabilidade foi desenvolvido um sensor n?o destrutivo para monitoramento da efici?ncia energ?tica de edifica??es, possibilitando uma solu??o simples e barata para o levantamento do consumo de energia de uma edifica??o sem destruir constru??es j? existentes.

In Sweden, the building sector accounts for about 35% of the total energy consumption. Some of the major contributors to energy consumption are the urban educational buildings, such as schools and universities which have considerable potential for improved energy efficiency. Furthermore, it is Sweden’s goal to mitigate climate change and set a zero net target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2045 at the latest. To meet this goal, it is essential to design building energy management with advanced optimization algorithms and data science to ensure renewable sources integration and strategical management for loads and storage. This thesis designs an Energy Management System (EMS) Optimization model that combines Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and PV-battery sizing to satisfy energy consumption with the least energy bills and carbon emissions in urban educational buildings. A case study of two educational buildings in Stockholm will be used to simulate and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed EMS model. Three main studies were made under the current electricity contract and a pre-defined PV capacity for buildings. The first study shows the MILP-based EMS enables optimized decisions of solar production curtailment, smart grid consumption, and smart battery usage while satisfying the building load with the lowest possible energy cost. The MILP-based EMS model achieves more flexible scheduling for batteries and PV integration than traditional rule-based EMS, but the annual saving difference is minimal. With a 25kWp PV system and the proposed EMS, the electric-heated case building saves 21.49% of energy bills annually, while the case building with district heating can save 23.35% of energy bills annually. Secondly, the best optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing is determined with findings that increasing BESS sizing can bring a higher saving but the increase is less than 0.5% due to limited solar energy production and low feed-in income. Under current energy contracts and building conditions, results justify the installation of PV systems but do not support the investment of a BESS. Energy cost saving doesn’t have more potential in electric-heated buildings compared to traditional district-heated buildings. Finally, the third study conducts a sensitivity analysis of the BESS’s Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), providing the threshold LCOE for the system with PV-BESS to be economically beneficial, which is 0.27 SEK/kWh. / Byggsektorn står för cirka 35% av Sveriges totala energiförbrukning. Bland de främsta bidragsgivarna återfinns stadsutbildningsbyggnader, såsom skolor och universitet, som har stor potential för förbättrad energieffektivitet. Dessutom strävar Sverige efter att mildra klimatförändringar och sätta upp klimatneutrala mål för byggnader. För att nå dessa mål krävs smart energihantering. Denna avhandling presenterar en modell för optimering av energihanteringssystem (EMS) som kombinerar blandad heltalslinjär programmering (MILP) och dimensionering av solcellsbatterier. Syftet är att minimera elkostnader och koldioxidutsläpp i urbana utbildningsbyggnader och därigenom förbättra hållbarheten. En fallstudie av två utbildningsbyggnader i Stockholm används för att utvärdera EMS-modellens effektivitet. Tre huvudstudier genomfördes inom ramen för det befintliga elavtalet och med en fördefinierad solcellskapacitet för byggnaderna. I den första studien framkommer att EMS baserad på MILP möjliggör mer flexibel schemaläggning för batterier och integration av solceller jämfört med en regelbaserad EMS. Trots detta är skillnaden i årliga besparingar mycket liten. Med ett 25 kWp solcellssystem och den föreslagna EMS sparar en eluppvärmd byggnad 21,49% av elkostnaderna årligen, medan en byggnad med fjärrvärme kan spara 23.35% av elkostnaderna årligen. I den andra studien bestäms optimal storlek för batterilagringsystemet (BESS). Resultaten visar att en ökad storlek på BESS kan ge högre besparingar, men ökningen är mindre än 0,5% på grund av begränsad produktion av solenergi och låga intäkter från nätmatning. Under nuvarande avtal och byggnadsförhållanden motiverar resultaten installationen av solcellssystem, men stöder inte investeringen i BESS. Slutligen genomför den tredje studien en känslighetsanalys av nivåniserad energikostnad (LCOE) för BESS och ger tröskel-LCOE för att systemet med solceller och BESS ska vara ekonomiskt fördelaktigt, vilket är 0,27 SEK/kWh.