The basic requirement for a good quality expert opinion are high quality sources of information, i.e. adequately detailed and valid groundwork. This dissertation analyzes groundwork for expert activities in the area of building operation appraisals, handling of information and its transmission within the life cycle of a construction. For this purpose, it is possible to divide the construction according to its functional parts. The thesis puts emphasis on drawing up a budget according to its functional parts, which is clearer for the investors, contractors and real estate administrators as well as the expert. A significant part of the dissertation is dedicated to recommendations on how to determine the usual price of building operations. In this section I define some options of how to determine the usual price of building operations, including their comparison. Likewise, I investigated and compared real agreed prices of building contracts for public commissions. The basic recommendation resulting from this chapter is the recommendation for the Czech statistics department to automate the data collection based on registers of building operations created with one of the budgeting programs (preferably according to functional parts). For the experts, I prepared a set of recommendations based on the analyzed differences between the budgeted prices and those applied in real contracts. There is no generally accepted method to evaluate the losses created due to delays in construction. For the purposes of this dissertation, I investigated the common prices of rent of the individual equipment and then established two approaches to put value on the cost of equipping the site, percentage rate and individual calculation. I examine in more detail the issues related to quantification of costs for wintertime arrangements. At the end of the chapter I define recommendations for experts. With regard to recommendations for establishing discounts from the construction price due to occurrence of defects and unfinished tasks, I analyzed real examples of distribution of defects and unfinished tasks at the moment of delivering the building operation to the investor and discovered that approximately 50% of defects are part of the surface working. Additionally, I analyzed the Czech technical regulations regarding surface working in order to find basis for assessment of the presence or absence of a defect. While investigating the approach to non-removable defects, I discovered incorrectly considered shelf life of waterproofing within the appraisal. Based on this, I investigated the market and determined the shelf life of common waterproofing systems. At the end of this dissertation I carry out a comparison of selected items of the two pricing systems most commonly used in the Czech Republic, URS and RTS. The differences are a result of contemplating using different technologies, varied mechanisms and diverse approaches to determine the costs of material.

This diploma thesis deals with the influence of the locality on the usual price of a flat in the town of Břeclav. First of all, the basic relevant terms related to the valuation of immovable property are defined and individual valuation methods are described. In the next part of this work there are formulated problems related to the stated goal of this work, including the proposal of its fulfillment and hypothesis. Then the analysis of the territory of the town of Břeclav is carried out, focusing on civic amenities and urban development. This section also describes the process of selected methods for valuing housing units. The following section is devoted to descriptions of selected housing units and also to their actual evaluation by comparative method according to the price regulation and the direct comparison method, including the expert estimate of their price. The last part is devoted to the recapitulation and discussion of all resulting prices set in this work. There is also an evaluation of the impact of selected localities on the estimated usual price of valued apartments.

This thesis defines the methods of determining the normal price of a house. Among the methods that lead to the detection of the normal price, the method includes finding material values, comparative method, the method of determination of the yield value method of averaging, which is connected to Naegeliho weighted average method, Bradáčova modification weighted average method and the rest. Further analyzes of the established method in practice and as a result these methods will be compared with each other.

The master's thesis deals with market research to determine the amount of the usual rent in Most and assessing factors that act on the rent. For market research are identifies four categories of flats, which are 1+1 and 1+kk, 2+1 and 2+kk, 3+1 and 3+kk, 4+1 and 4+kk and larger. On the basis of the obtained information are made maps which colour-illustrated apartments by price/month/m2.

Valuation of immovable property is made for different purposes. This paper will analyze the differences between these methods of valuation for the case of the valuation of multifunctional building before and after the proposed construction works.

This diploma thesis describes elementary factors affecting real estate rental market. The thesis includes a market research in two different localities in the city of Brno. The result of the research determines a usual rent amount. The collected data is separated by the number of rooms 1+1/kk, 2+1/kk a 3+1/kk and bigger (number of room + the kitchen or a kitchenette) and plot into a map. The usual rent amount defines three levels on each of the groups. The conclusion of the thesis evaluates the research results.

This thesis focuses on the analysis and comparison of the normal price of houses and apartments in the Highlands: District of Jihlava district and within the time period 2014/2015. The theoretical part describes the selected sites, basic concepts and factors affecting the real estate market. In the practical part I analyzed the market and created a database from which I use when comparing the development of the usual price of houses and apartments. Results of the analysis are evaluated and graphically presented. Carried out the research, I found that the volume of supply of houses and apartments is higher than at the Jihlava district to district Zdar nad Sazavou. Based on the data it is possible to say that the lower the average cost of a house or apartment is in the district of Zdar nad Sazavou.

The diploma thesis deals with the comparison of prices of a family house in years 2016 and 2017 in the Olomouc district and in three different locations – north from the statutory city of Olomouc, the surrounding area from the statutory city of Olomouc and the outskirts of Olomouc. The family house is located in the village of Bělkovice-Lašťany. This village is located in the northern area of the statutory city of Olomouc. Next, I will place a family house fictitiously in the town of Náměšť na Hané and in the town district Nemilany, which is the peripheral part of the statutory city of Olomouc. For specified locations, the price is determined and the usual price is compared and determines factors influencing the house price. In the theoretical part, I will explain the terminology, familiarize myself with the law, the comparative method on the basis of which I will determine the usual price and the comparative method according to the valuation order, which will determine the price determined.

Comment l’individu devient-il touriste ? Cette recherche vise à comprendre l’expérience de la redécouverte de l’espace quotidien : peut-on s’attendre à être surpris ?Dans un contexte postmoderne dans lequel l’individu devient un personnage hybride (entre visiteur et résident, portant un regard à la fois simple et complexe sur le monde qui l’englobe), nous souhaitons répondre à la question suivante : (comment) est-il possible de vivre une expérience touristique dans la région où on réside ?La méthodologie utilisée repose sur quatre actions : écouter les professionnels du secteur touristique et culturel, identifier l’offre et les thématiques proposées, observer des visites guidées destinées notamment à un public local et accéder aux expériences des visiteurs.Par le biais d’une approche qualitative, nous visons à déterminer si la distance est une composante essentielle de l’expérience touristique. La ville de Barcelone (Espagne) constitue notre terrain d’études. Nous nous penchons sur la manière dont différentes expériences sont contextualisées, d’abord, dans la biographie de chaque visiteur interviewé et, ensuite, dans le cadre spatial et temporel où l’expérience a lieu. Les résultats obtenus approfondissent la compréhension de la condition du touriste et de la valorisation des espaces ordinaires comme des espaces permettant la redécouverte. / How do we become tourists? This research aims at understanding the experience of rediscovering the usual environment. Can we expect to be surprised?In a postmodern context where individuals become hybrid (they are at the same time residents and visitors, temporal and permanent inhabitants, in a simple and in a complex relationship with the world surrounding them), we raise the following question: (How) is it possible to enjoy a tourist experience in the region where we live?Our methodology rests on four actions: listening to the cultural and tourist sector, identifying the offer and the existing themes, observing guided tours especially conceived for locals and accessing to visitors’ experiences.Through a qualitative approach, we aim at ascertaining if the distance is indeed an essential component of tourist experiences. The case of the City of Barcelona will be analysed, especially how different experiences are contextualised, first, within the biography of each interviewed visitor and, second, within the spatial and temporal frame where these experiences are carried out. The results provide deeper understanding of the tourist condition and of the transformation of ordinary places into highlights from a rediscovery point of view.

<p>Inadequate nutrition in childhood can inhibit optimal growth and development, and is also associated with increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. Children living in households with limited financial resources may face a number of challenges to meet nutrient needs through unhealthy eating patterns, which may lead to health inequalities throughout the life-course. Therefore, improving low-income children’s diet would be an effective strategy for their health promotion and disease prevention, and potentially for narrowing health inequalities. The essential step for an efficient intervention would be to identify the unique nutrition risk that low-income children have. Therefore, the overarching aim of research in this dissertation was to identify nutrition risk of U.S. infants and children with low income or food insecurity, or participating in federal nutrition assistance programs using data from nationally representative surveys. An additional aim was to assess whether the inclusion of micronutrient intake from dietary supplements impacts micronutrient inadequacy in children. </p><p>For low-income infants and young children up to the age of 5 years, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides tailored food packages to improve dietary intake that may be inadequate due to economic constraints. Therefore, it is expected that nutrient intake of WIC participants would be more like those of higher-income nonparticipants and higher than those of lower-income nonparticipants who are likely to be eligible for WIC. The results from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 data analysis supported the hypothesis for several nutrients of concern, although WIC participants were more likely to exceed the recommended limits for sodium and added sugars compared to higher-income nonparticipants. However, higher-income nonparticipants were more likely to use dietary supplements than both WIC participants and lower-income nonparticipants, which can impact total nutrient intake (i.e., nutrient intake from all sources). </p><p>Systematic differences in dietary supplement use by income and WIC participation were also observed in a nationally representative sample of children aged 18 years and younger from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary supplement use was lower among children in low-income families compared to those in higher-income families. Among children in low-income families, those participating in WIC were less likely to use dietary supplements compared to nonparticipants. In addition, food insecurity and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation were associated with lower use of dietary supplements. Overall, one-third of children used any dietary supplements, mostly multivitamin-minerals, with primary motivations for use as “improve” or “maintain” health. </p><p>The following analysis of the 2011-2014 NHANES data showed that the inclusion of dietary supplements in nutrient intake assessments may lead to wider disparities in dietary intake by food security. This study also demonstrated the dose-response relationship between food security status and mean adequacy ratio, a summary measure of micronutrient adequacy. The mean adequacy ratio, inclusive of dietary supplements, was the highest in high food-security group (mean of 0.77), lower in marginal and low food security group (mean of 0.74), and the lowest in very low food security group (mean of 0.66), based on classification by food security among household children. However, the mean adequacy ratio does not reflect the usual intake (i.e., a long-term, habitual intake). </p><p>Therefore, another analysis of the 2011-2016 NHANES data estimated total usual nutrient intake of U.S. children 18 years and younger by food security status, using the National Cancer Institute method that adjusts for random error by statistical modeling. The results suggested that food insecurity was associated with higher risks of inadequate intakes for some nutrients, such as vitamins D and E and magnesium among boys and girls and vitamin A and calcium among girls only. Poor overall dietary quality and excessive sodium intake were of concern, regardless of food security status. </p><p>Collectively, the results from the studies in this dissertation add value to the evidence base about the adverse association of low income level and food insecurity status with dietary intake and extend the finding to include nutrient intakes from dietary supplements, which widens the disparity in nutrition risk. These findings highlight a need for interventions to reduce nutrient inadequacies and improve dietary quality among children across all socioeconomic levels, but especially among those with low income or food insecurity.</p><div><br></div>