Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Antropologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social, 2012. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2012-06-08T15:05:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_SilviaMonroyAlvarez.pdf: 20943535 bytes, checksum: b9886c8288aec66bf110b95de1be2a33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2012-08-21T12:01:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_SilviaMonroyAlvarez.pdf: 20943535 bytes, checksum: b9886c8288aec66bf110b95de1be2a33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-21T12:01:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_SilviaMonroyAlvarez.pdf: 20943535 bytes, checksum: b9886c8288aec66bf110b95de1be2a33 (MD5) / A partir do caso de Urabá, Colômbia, esta tese é um experimento que dialoga com a proposta de uma antropografa da violência. Evitando tanto a enunciação descarnada do horror quanto os estudos dos “violentólogos”, busca dinamizar as narrativas de alguns eventos, dos momentos dos personagens e das vivências do pesquisador no dia a dia. Ao indicar como a violência se torna a matriz das relações sociais, identifca a orientação temporal de um “presente permanente” como constituinte do horizonte cosmológico nesta região, há mais de quatro décadas considerada uma das mais violentas no país. Os diversos capítulos discutem o padrão de trocas a partir dos cobradores “gota a gota”, a caracterização étnica defnida pelo vínculo à origem ou à procedência, as dinâmicas em torno da mudança das afliações dos guerreiros, e a diferenciação entre terra e território, relacionada tanto aos estereótipos acerca da “tierra caliente” e das “zonas rojas” como às concepções locais dos processos de colonização, conquista e pacifcação. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This dissertation is an experiment written in dialogue E. V. Daniel’s proposal for an anthropography of violence. It is situated in Urabá, Colombia, for decades considered one of the most violent regions of the country. By avoiding both the blunt enunciation of horror as much as the perspective of the “violentólogos”, it porposes a dynamic narrative of some events, of the characters´life moments and of the insertion of the anthropologist in everyday life. When violence becomes the blueprint for social relations, the horizon of a “permanent present” becomes the major temporal axis of the cosmological orientation. The diferent chapters of the dissertation focus on the pattern of local exchanges by example of the “gota a gota” collectors, people´s ethnic characterization in relation to origin or to previous residence, the dynamics of the usual exchange of warriors´afliations, the diference between land and territory in relation both to stereotypes of “tierra caliente” and “zonas rojas” as much as to local conceptions of colonization, conquest and pacifcation.

Au tournant du XIXe siècle, des faïenciers de Provence, Joseph-Jacques Fouque et Antoine Arnoux, s’installent à Toulouse pour faire prospérer un atelier de « faïence anglaise ». En association familiale, ils produisent des faïences et des terres cuites. L’énergie hydraulique permet de mécaniser la production et dès 1825, la faïence fine est imprimée. Grâce à des capitaux réunis dans la région, ils fondent une société, Fouque Arnoux et Cie, en 1829 et construisent une nouvelle manufacture à Saint-Gaudens/Valentine pour produire la porcelaine avec le kaolin des Pyrénées. Léon Arnoux fait des recherches sur les couleurs de grand feu et améliore les fours. Les Fouque et Arnoux expédient dans tout le Midi et exportent vers les colonies. Un atelier de décoration et de revente est dirigé par Gustave Fouque. La manufacture et cet atelier participent aux expositions industrielles à Paris et à Toulouse et reçoivent de nombreux prix. La crise de 1846-1848 provoque la faillite de la société, avec la fermeture et la vente des locaux toulousains ; Léon Arnoux émigre en Angleterre où il devient directeur artistique chez Minton à Stoke-on-Trent. A Saint- Gaudens/Valentine, la production reprend avec Henri Fouque, puis avec des Anglais ; la manufacture ferme définitivement en 1878. Pendant trois quarts de siècle, la manufacture a produit toutes sortes de produits en céramique, donnant à Toulouse un visage à caractère industriel. / Around 1800, Provencal potters Joseph-Jacques Fouque and Antoine Arnoux developed a «faïence anglaise» workshop in Toulouse. As a family unit they produced earthenware and terracotta. They employed hydraulic energy to mechanize production to an industrial level. From 1825 their earthenware carried prints and with local funds they founded an enterprise Fouque Arnoux et Cie in 1829 and built a new factory at St-Gaudens/Valentine to produce porcelain from Pyrenean kaolin. Léon Arnoux researched colors and kilns. The Fouques and Arnoux supplied the south of France and exported to the colonies. In parallel a decoration business and shop employed Toulouse artists and sold the latest offerings from Paris. The factory and this workshop won industrial exhibition medals in Paris and Toulouse. The 1846-1848 crises caused the downfall of the company with the closure and sale of the Toulouse properties. Léon Arnoux immigrated to England where he became Minton’s artistic director. In St-Gaudens/Valentine, production restarted with Henri Fouque who called on English capital which never arrived. The manufactory finally closed in 1878. These Provencal manufacturers by the transfer of their knowledge and craft to the Midi area gave Toulouse, more specifically in the second quarter of the XIXth Century, its industrial face and character, this enterprise taking its place among the other French earthenware and porcelain makers.

The purpose of this investigation is to decipher the secret code of Basil that I discovered in the prologue of the Spanish edition of Aesop's Fables called Esopete ystoriado (1482), and to bring to light the importance of its resolution for the history of literature as well as for the history of science. This code states that the fables are more profitable if understood in accordance with the doctrine of Basil. After years of investigation, I came to the conclusion that Basil's doctrine can refer either to Saint Basil the Great's fourth-century treatise Oratio ad adolescentes de legendis antiquorum seu gentilium libris in which he instructs young catechumens how best to profit from an inquiry into the content and meaning of pagan literature, or to Basil Valentine's chemistry text The Triumphant Chariot of Antimony which established in Germany the precepts for the scientific method of the Age of the Enlightenment and therefore of modern Europe. In the meantime I found a strong relationship between both texts; in fact, Basil Valentine's book is based on Saint Basil's treatise, information that has been hidden for more than six centuries by a lineage of secret societies. My research focuses on how a treatise about literary interpretation written by one of the ancient fathers of the Catholic Church became the model for one of the most important scientific books in pre-modern Europe, discovering with my inquiry the important role that the Benedictine Order as well as the secret society of the Rose Cross played in that achievement. This investigation also led me to the realization that the chemist Basil Valentine was in fact the German Abbot Johann Trithemius (1462-1516), and that the Esopete ystoriado was translated from Latin to Castilian by Gonzalo García de Santa María (1447-1521), concluding that it is impossible to separate the history of literature from the history of science.

Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Charles E. Brewer, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains 69 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Shoegaze reached its peak of popularity in the early 1990s and then abruptly disappeared from the limelight and was outcompeted by other indie rock disciplines such as Britpop and grunge. Although the shoegazer movement was for a relatively short period, the genre has played a significant role in related genres. But what is shoegaze exactly? Why did the uninterested stare down at their shoes? Why does the movement have an influential role? The purpose of the essay is to identify characteristic features of shoegaze. The goal is to increase the understanding of what is characteristic of the genre and how it affects the soundscape, style and values. Existing terms to put into words what shoegaze is usually a personal and authentic expression. How does the genre relate to ideals and authenticity? The aim is to place shoegaze based on ideals and authenticity and how the sound image differs with a focus on My Bloody Valentine and their album Loveless in comparison to other related genres such as punk, post-punk, noise rock, dream pop, Britpop and grunge. It is tested via a music analysis of My Bloody Valentine's song “To Here Knows When” to test the survey results with a genre-defining music example. The starting point of the essay is to start broadly and then dive deeper and deeper until only a specific song is analyzed. The survey begins with gaining knowledge about ideals and attitudes towards authenticity in indie rock. Once identified, the text narrows and focuses on the indie rock subgenre shoegaze. The aim is to identify characteristic features within that genre, so after that chapter, the essay delves deep into the next part, which is a musical analysis of My Bloody Valentine's song "To Here Knows When" from 1991.

The dissertation investigates the S. aureus carriage cases in Vilnius adult population. The aim of the study – to determine the extent of S. aureus carriage of selected adult population and hospitalized patients in Vilnius and evaluate potential risk factors of its carriage as well as antimicrobial resistance of isolated strains and, prevailing genetic elements of the resistance and virulence. It was found that more S. aureus carriers detected in the community group than in hospitalized patients group. Greater isolated S. aureus strains resistance to antibiotics has been found in hospitalized patients group. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were not isolated in the community group. Greater part of isolated S. aureus strains in community group was susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobial drugs. S. aureus strains resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin contained different genes in studied groups’: ermC dominated in community group, ermA – in hospitalized patients group. In terms of the incidence of tetracycline resistance genes in isolated S. aureus strains, tetK genes were dominant in MSSA and MRSA in both community and hospitalized patients groups. Our results demonstrate that PVL-positive S. aureus strains were more commonly isolated from community than from hospitalized patients group. 15% of spa types circulated in both studied groups. The spa types t4995 – t4999, t5001 – t5005 detected in this study were added into the Ridom StaphTypeTM database. Lithuania currently is... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjama S. aureus nešiojimo atvejai suaugusiųjų populiacijoje Vilniaus mieste. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti S. aureus nešiojimo mastą pasirinktoje suaugusiųjų populiacijoje visuomenės bei hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėse Vilniaus mieste ir įvertinti S. aureus nešiojimo potencialius rizikos veiksnius, taip pat išskirtų padermių atsparumą kai kurioms antimikrobinėms medžiagoms, pagrindinius atsparumo ir virulentiškumo genetinius elementus. Nustatyta, kad daugiau S. aureus nešiojimo atvejų aptikta visuomenės grupėje nei hospitalizuotų ligonių. Didesnis S. aureus padermių atsparumas tirtiems antibiotikams buvo hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje. Visuomenės grupėje meticilinui atsparių S. aureus neišskirta. Didesnė S. aureus dalis, išskirta visuomenės grupėje, buvo jautri visiems tirtiems antimikrobiniams vaistams. Atsparumą eritromicinui ir klindamicinui tirtose grupėse kodavo skirtingi genai: visuomenės grupėje vyravo ermC, hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje – ermA. Atsparumą tetraciklinui koduojantis tetK genas vyravo abiejose tirtose grupėse. Visuomenės grupėje nustatyta daugiau PVL teigiamų S. aureus padermių nei hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje. Septintadalis nustatytų spa tipų cirkuliuoja tiek visuomenės, tiek hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėse. Šio tyrimo metu spa tipai t4995 – t4999, t5001 – t5005 pirmą kartą nustatyti Lietuvoje ir įtraukti į Ridom StaphTypeTM duomenų bazę. Nustatyta statistiškai reikšminga asociacija tarp viršutinių kvėpavimo takų S. aureus kolonizacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Disertacijoje nagrinėjama S. aureus nešiojimo atvejai suaugusiųjų populiacijoje Vilniaus mieste. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti S. aureus nešiojimo mastą pasirinktoje suaugusiųjų populiacijoje visuomenės bei hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėse Vilniaus mieste ir įvertinti S. aureus nešiojimo potencialius rizikos veiksnius, taip pat išskirtų padermių atsparumą kai kurioms antimikrobinėms medžiagoms, pagrindinius atsparumo ir virulentiškumo genetinius elementus. Nustatyta, kad daugiau S. aureus nešiojimo atvejų aptikta visuomenės grupėje nei hospitalizuotų ligonių. Didesnis S. aureus padermių atsparumas tirtiems antibiotikams buvo hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje. Visuomenės grupėje meticilinui atsparių S. aureus neišskirta. Didesnė S. aureus dalis, išskirta visuomenės grupėje, buvo jautri visiems tirtiems antimikrobiniams vaistams. Atsparumą eritromicinui ir klindamicinui tirtose grupėse kodavo skirtingi genai: visuomenės grupėje vyravo ermC, hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje – ermA. Atsparumą tetraciklinui koduojantis tetK genas vyravo abiejose tirtose grupėse. Visuomenės grupėje nustatyta daugiau PVL teigiamų S. aureus padermių nei hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėje. Septintadalis nustatytų spa tipų cirkuliuoja tiek visuomenės, tiek hospitalizuotų ligonių grupėse. Šio tyrimo metu spa tipai t4995 – t4999, t5001 – t5005 pirmą kartą nustatyti Lietuvoje ir įtraukti į Ridom StaphTypeTM duomenų bazę. Nustatyta statistiškai reikšminga asociacija tarp viršutinių kvėpavimo takų S. aureus kolonizacijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The dissertation investigates the S. aureus carriage cases in Vilnius adult population. The aim of the study – to determine the extent of S. aureus carriage of selected adult population and hospitalized patients in Vilnius and evaluate potential risk factors of its carriage as well as antimicrobial resistance of isolated strains and, prevailing genetic elements of the resistance and virulence. It was found that more S. aureus carriers detected in the community group than in hospitalized patients group. Greater isolated S. aureus strains resistance to antibiotics has been found in hospitalized patients group. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were not isolated in the community group. Greater part of isolated S. aureus strains in community group was susceptible to all analyzed antimicrobial drugs. S. aureus strains resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin contained different genes in studied groups’: ermC dominated in community group, ermA – in hospitalized patients group. In terms of the incidence of tetracycline resistance genes in isolated S. aureus strains, tetK genes were dominant in MSSA and MRSA in both community and hospitalized patients groups. Our results demonstrate that PVL-positive S. aureus strains were more commonly isolated from community than from hospitalized patients group. 15% of spa types circulated in both studied groups. The spa types t4995 – t4999, t5001 – t5005 detected in this study were added into the Ridom StaphTypeTM database. Lithuania currently is... [to full text]

Résumé Ce mémoire consiste en une étude de la transgression en ce qui a trait au lieu, au personnage et aux sacrifices dans La Comtesse sanglante (1962) de Valentine Penrose, une auteure et artiste qui a fait partie du mouvement surréaliste dès 1926. À partir de l’idée directrice du sacrifice et du sacré, nous exposons, dans un premier temps, l’état transgressif de la criminelle historique Erzsébet Báthory, présentée dans le récit comme une beauté fixe masquant une âme monstrueuse. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons la cruauté et la théâtralité des sacrifices pulsionnels qui servent la propre déification de la protagoniste. Partant de la théorie de la transgression de Foucault de laquelle nous dégageons l’idée du seuil, le premier chapitre présente la marginalité de l’univers de la meurtrière présenté comme une extension de son corps, du château en tant que structure froide et vide à l’intérieur. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous mettons en corrélation la violence et le sacré en rapport, d’une part, aux mises en scène sacrificielles et au rôle de chaque femme participant aux sacrifices, et d’autre part, à la progression de la cruauté dans le récit. Dans le troisième chapitre sont explorés le phénomène de la rumeur et la filiation mythique du personnage par la réécriture de deux figures monstrueuses : la Méduse et Lilith. Par ces analyses, ce mémoire a pour but de faire connaître davantage l’auteure et de dégager la singularité de la comtesse Báthory dépeinte par Penrose comme l’archétype de la transgression au féminin. / Abstract The present thesis is an analysis of transgression in relation to the location, character and sacrifices in La Comtesse sanglante (1962) by Valentine Penrose, an artist and author who became part of the surrealist movement from 1926 onwards. In the first place, beginning with the salient aspects of the sacrifice and the sacred, the thesis will present the transgressive side of the historically notorious Erzsébet Báthory, who is portrayed in the story as a beauty that conceals a monstrous soul. In second place, then, the thesis will discuss the cruelty and theatricality of the compulsive sacrifices that serve to deify the protagonist. Starting from Foucault’s theory of transgression, from which we derive the idea of threshold, the first chapter will present the marginality of the murderess’s universe, which is described as if it were extension of her body, and the castle, as a cold and empty structure within. In the second chapter, the thesis will correlate the violence and the sacred in relation to, firstly, the staging of the sacrifice scenes and the role of each woman who took part in them, and secondly, to the escalation of cruelty in the story. In the third chapter, the thesis will explore the phenomenon of rumor and the main character mythical parentage by the rewriting of two monstrous figures: the medusa and Lilith. Through these analyses, the main goal of this thesis is to promote awareness of this author and to identify the uniqueness of the Countess Báthory, portrayed as the archetype of female transgression.

S. aureus est un pathogène humain qui produit une grande variété de facteurs de virulence, dont la leucocidine de Panton Valentine. Cette toxine est à l’origine de symptomatologies potentiellement sévères telles que la pneumonie nécrosante et l’ostéomyélite compliquée récidivante. Malgré la faible prévalence des gènes de la PVL au sein de souches de S. aureus, nous assistons à une émergence et à une diffusion de souches S. aureus résistantes à la méticilline d’origine communautaire (SARM-C) produisant la PVL. Bien que hautement conservée au sein de différents génomes, la PVL produite par les souches SARM-C américaines USA300 porte une substitution His176Arg avec un impact potentiel sur la fonctionnalité de la PVL. Nous avons étudié la distribution de ce polymorphisme au sein d’une sélection de souches SARM-C isolées de divers continents et nous avons confirmé le rôle leucotoxique de la PVL envers les neutrophiles humains quel que soit le fond génétique de la souche d’origine. Nous avons mis au point un modèle expérimental de lapin afin d’étudier le rôle de la PVL secrétée par la souche USA300 dans la pathogenèse de l’ostéomyélite. La PVL s’est révélée être un déterminant de la gravité de la maladie en termes de persistance et extension de l’infection, ainsi que d’amplitude de la réaction inflammatoire. Dès lors que nous avons conforté le rôle pathogène de la PVL, nous avons exploré l’effet des antibiotiques sur l’expression de la leucocidine. Nous avons observé après traitement avec l’oxacilline et l’imipénème une augmentation de la production de PVL. Cette augmentation est le résultat d’une activation transcriptionnelle des gènes de la PVL, activation médiée par les protéines liant la pénicilline et des régulateurs de la virulence staphylococcique, sarA et rot. D’autres antibiotiques la clindamycine, le linézolide et la rifampicine exercent un effet inhibiteur sur la production de PVL et bloquent l’induction de toxine par les bêta-lactamines. Sur la base de ces observations, nous recommandons pour le traitement des infections sévères à S. aureus producteur de PVL l’utilisation de l’oxacilline en association avec la clindamycine ou la rifampicine pour S. aureus sensible à la méticilline et du linézolide pour le SARM. / S. aureus is a human pathogen producing a large variety of virulence factors such as the Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL). This toxin has been epidemiologically related to severe diseases such as necrotising pneumonia and recurrent osteomyelitis. The world wide spreading of PVL producing community acquired methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has been reported. Although highly preserved within various genomes, the sequence of PVL produced by the american CA-MRSA strain USA300 carries a His176Arg substitution with a potential impact on the functionality of the leukocidin. We studied the distribution of this polymorphism within a selection of CA-MRSA strains isolated from various continents and we confirmed PVL toxicity towards human neutrophiles regardless to the genetic background of the harboring strain. We used an experimental rabbit model in order to study the relevancy of USA300 secreted PVL in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis. We showed that PVL is a determinant of disease severity in terms of persistence and extension of the infection, as well as amplitude of the inflammatory reaction. We investigated the effect of antibiotics on the expression of the leukocidin. We observed increase PVL production after oxacilline and imipenem treatment. This was the consequence of trascriptional activation of PVL genes, mediated by penicillin binding proteins and S. aureus virulence regulators sarA and rot. Other antibiotics such as clindamycin, linezolid and rifampicin decreased PVL production and suppressed the inductor effect of beta-lactams. Based on these observations, we recommend for the treatment of the severe PVL induced diseases the use of oxacillin associated with either clindamycin or rifampicin for methicillin susceptible S. aureus or linezolid for MRSA.