No description available.

An increase in heart rate brought about by stimulation of the re centers at the junction of the pulmonary veins and the left atrium in dogs has been reported by Ledsome and Linden, (1964). Although extensive experimentation has shown the afferent pathway for such tachycardia is in the vagus nerve, and efferent impulses appear to travel via the cardiac sympathetics, the location of central synapses, and the degree of central control necessary for its existence are not known. Also unknown is the significance of this cardiovascular control mechanism in the unanaesthetized animal. The series of experiments described in this paper were designed to answer both these questions. A method for decerebrating mongrel dogs (8-18 Kg) by electrocoagulation was devised which avoided traumatic loss of blood, leaving a stable decerebrate preparation. The tachycardia initiated by the inflation of small balloons at the junction of the pulmonary veins with the left atrium was found to be unchanged by such a midcollicular decerebration. Both magnitude and neural characteristics of the increase in heart rate were unaltered. However, careful studies of these characteristics with both drugs and lesions of the spinal cord, revealed a discrepancy with previous reports. The tachycardia produced by balloon inflation could not be totally abolished by the infusion of the sympathetic blocking agent propranolol, either before or after decerebration. In addition small, but significant, increases in heart rate remained upon section of the spinal cord at the level of the first cervical vertebra. These results indicated that the efferent pathway for this reflex, though predominantly relayed by the cardiac sympathetics, may possess a vagal component. Using the same decerebrate preparation, two volatile anaesthetics were used to study the effects of anaesthetics on the response to balloon inflation. Halothane, or a nitrous oxide-sodium pentothal combination were administered prior to decerebration, then discontinued at completion of the section. Throughout the duration of both anaesthetics, cardiovascular reflexes such as the carotid sinus reflex, were depressed. The left atrial reflex was similarly small or absent as compared to dogs under chloralose anaesthesia. Removal of the anaesthetic circuit after successful decerebration coincided with the appearance of small but significant increases in heart rate at balloon inflation, and typical carotid sinus activity at occlusion of the carotid arteries. Neither reflex attained the magnitudes observed in dogs under chloralose anaesthesia, despite prolonged waiting, up to six hours after decerebration. / Medicine, Faculty of / Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois protocolos de intervenção para o treino de marcha robótica no Lokomat em indivíduos pós acidente vascular cerebral crônico. O primeiro protocolo foi estabelecido com a diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. O outro protocolo foi estabelecido com o aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. Este é um ensaio clínico duplo cego, controlado e randomizado realizado no Instituto de Reabilitação Lucy Montoro em São Paulo com indivíduos em regime de internação. Participaram deste estudo 18 individuos com apenas um episódio de acidente vascular cerebral crônico acima de 06 meses de lesão, classificados com escore 1-2 pela Escala de Deambulação Funcional EDF. Os participantes foram randomizados no grupo experimental (N= 10): com o protocolo da diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô e no grupo controle (N=08): com o protocolo do aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô. Cada sujeito realizou 30 sessões de treino de marcha robótica, 5 dias por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada treino, por 6 semanas. As medidas de avaliação foram: Time Up and Go (TUG), teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (6M), teste de caminhada de 10 metros (10M), escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), Fugl-Meyer de função motora de extremidade de membros inferiores (FMMI), Escala de Deambulação Funcional (EDF) e medida de independência funcional (MIF) com escore total e item locomoção. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste MANOVA e Wilcoxon por meio da comparação dos dados inicias e finais e as diferenças entre os grupos. Posteriormente foi realizado um pós teste para comparar a diferença entre os grupos com aplicação do teste Anova e Ancova. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos e, ao final deste estudo, houve diferença estatistica do grupo experimental para as - 8 - mensurações EDF (p=0,004), TUG (p=0,03), 6M (p=0,04), EEB(p<0,0001), FMMI(p=0,02), MIF (p=0,01) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Já no grupo controle observou-se diferenças nas mensurações EEB (p=0,02), MIF (p= 0,0002) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Os resultados demostram que o grupo experimental pode mostrar maiores benefícios do que o grupo controle, porém estudos com maior número de participantes e diferentes instrumentos de avaliação são necessários para estabelecer evidências conclusivas para o treino de marcha robótica. Este estudo teve suporte de financiamento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES / The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two intervention protocols for robotic gait training in Lokomat with individuals chronic stroke: novel versus conventional protocol. The Novel protocol was established with the progressive decrease in gait velocity and assistance robot for gait training and the Conventional protocol was established with the progressive increase in gait velocity and the progressive decrease of robot assistance during gait training. This is a clinical double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute in São Paulo with inpatients. The study included 18 subjects with only one episode of chronic stroke above 06 months of injury, classified by the score 1-2 Functional Ambulation Category FAC. Subjects were randomized in the Novel group (N = 10) and Conventional group ( N = 08). Each subject performed 30 robotic gait training sessions, 5 days a week, lasting 30 minutes each training for 6 weeks. The initial and final evaluation measures were: Time Up and Go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer motor function of the lower limbs (FM), Functional ambulation category (FAC) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM ) with total score and locomotion item. Statistical analysis was performed with the MANOVA and Wilcoxon test comparing the initial and final data and differences between groups, after this was performed a post-test comparing the difference between the groups with application of Anova and ANCOVA test. In all were analysed 18 individuals in this study, there was statistical difference in the Novel group for measurements: FAC (p = 0.004), TUG (p = 0.03) , 6MWT (p = 0.04) , BBS (p < 0.0001), FM (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.01) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). In the conventional group was observed differences in measurements: BBS (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.0002) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). The results show that the Novel group can show greater benefits than the Conventional group, but studies with larger numbers of participants and different - 10 - evaluation tools are needed to establish conclusive evidence for the robotic gait training . This study was funded support by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois protocolos de intervenção para o treino de marcha robótica no Lokomat em indivíduos pós acidente vascular cerebral crônico. O primeiro protocolo foi estabelecido com a diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. O outro protocolo foi estabelecido com o aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô durante o treino de marcha. Este é um ensaio clínico duplo cego, controlado e randomizado realizado no Instituto de Reabilitação Lucy Montoro em São Paulo com indivíduos em regime de internação. Participaram deste estudo 18 individuos com apenas um episódio de acidente vascular cerebral crônico acima de 06 meses de lesão, classificados com escore 1-2 pela Escala de Deambulação Funcional EDF. Os participantes foram randomizados no grupo experimental (N= 10): com o protocolo da diminuição progressiva da velocidade da marcha e da assistência do robô e no grupo controle (N=08): com o protocolo do aumento progressivo da velocidade da marcha e a diminuição progressiva da assistência do robô. Cada sujeito realizou 30 sessões de treino de marcha robótica, 5 dias por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada treino, por 6 semanas. As medidas de avaliação foram: Time Up and Go (TUG), teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (6M), teste de caminhada de 10 metros (10M), escala de equilíbrio de Berg (EEB), Fugl-Meyer de função motora de extremidade de membros inferiores (FMMI), Escala de Deambulação Funcional (EDF) e medida de independência funcional (MIF) com escore total e item locomoção. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste MANOVA e Wilcoxon por meio da comparação dos dados inicias e finais e as diferenças entre os grupos. Posteriormente foi realizado um pós teste para comparar a diferença entre os grupos com aplicação do teste Anova e Ancova. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos e, ao final deste estudo, houve diferença estatistica do grupo experimental para as - 8 - mensurações EDF (p=0,004), TUG (p=0,03), 6M (p=0,04), EEB(p<0,0001), FMMI(p=0,02), MIF (p=0,01) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Já no grupo controle observou-se diferenças nas mensurações EEB (p=0,02), MIF (p= 0,0002) e MIF item Locomoção (p=0,04). Os resultados demostram que o grupo experimental pode mostrar maiores benefícios do que o grupo controle, porém estudos com maior número de participantes e diferentes instrumentos de avaliação são necessários para estabelecer evidências conclusivas para o treino de marcha robótica. Este estudo teve suporte de financiamento da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES / The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two intervention protocols for robotic gait training in Lokomat with individuals chronic stroke: novel versus conventional protocol. The Novel protocol was established with the progressive decrease in gait velocity and assistance robot for gait training and the Conventional protocol was established with the progressive increase in gait velocity and the progressive decrease of robot assistance during gait training. This is a clinical double-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted at Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute in São Paulo with inpatients. The study included 18 subjects with only one episode of chronic stroke above 06 months of injury, classified by the score 1-2 Functional Ambulation Category FAC. Subjects were randomized in the Novel group (N = 10) and Conventional group ( N = 08). Each subject performed 30 robotic gait training sessions, 5 days a week, lasting 30 minutes each training for 6 weeks. The initial and final evaluation measures were: Time Up and Go (TUG), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 10 meter walk test (10MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer motor function of the lower limbs (FM), Functional ambulation category (FAC) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM ) with total score and locomotion item. Statistical analysis was performed with the MANOVA and Wilcoxon test comparing the initial and final data and differences between groups, after this was performed a post-test comparing the difference between the groups with application of Anova and ANCOVA test. In all were analysed 18 individuals in this study, there was statistical difference in the Novel group for measurements: FAC (p = 0.004), TUG (p = 0.03) , 6MWT (p = 0.04) , BBS (p < 0.0001), FM (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.01) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). In the conventional group was observed differences in measurements: BBS (p = 0.02), MIF (p = 0.0002) and MIF Locomotion item (p = 0.04). The results show that the Novel group can show greater benefits than the Conventional group, but studies with larger numbers of participants and different - 10 - evaluation tools are needed to establish conclusive evidence for the robotic gait training . This study was funded support by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13259号 / 論医博第2177号 / 新制||医||1037(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 横出 正之, 教授 富樫 かおり, 教授 湊谷 謙司 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Le syndrome du défilé thoracique se définit par la compression du plexus brachial et/ou des vaisseaux subclaviers, à leur traversée dans l'étroit passage constitué par le défilé inter-scalénique - entre les muscles scalènes, l’espace costo-claviculaire et l'espace rétro-pectoral - pour atteindre le creux axillaire. Les symptômes peuvent être à prédominance artérielle, veineuse et/ou neurologique selon la structure impliquée. Malheureusement, le syndrome du défilé thoracique demeure controversé par son manque de critères diagnostiques acceptables. De ce fait, les tests orthopédiques utilisés pour diagnostiquer ce syndrome sont régulièrement remis en question. Ce mémoire de recherche vise à répondre à la problématique majeure entourant le syndrome du défilé thoracique : « Est-ce que les tests orthopédiques utilisés en clinique pour diagnostiquer ce syndrome sont valides ? » Au préalable, nous chercherons à identifier la qualité des articles pertinents sur le sujet à travers une revue de la littérature diagnostique. Ensuite, la validité des tests orthopédiques sera vérifiée à l’aide d’un appareil à échographie doppler lors d’une étude clinique. Les retombées de ce projet de recherche sont multiples pour les cliniciens. Tout d’abord, il pourra aider à clarifier ce syndrome controversé tout en offrant une meilleure connaissance de la qualité des articles publiés jusqu’à présent sur le sujet. Enfin, les résultats de l’étude clinique sur la validité des tests orthopédiques permettront d’améliorer l’utilisation des tests par le clinicien et ainsi, l’aider à poser un meilleur diagnostic. / Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is defined as a neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the brachial bundle (brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels). Patients may have a compression of one structure or a combination of neurovascular symptoms, which can complicate the diagnosis. Based on the clinical presentation, the clinician often performs selected provocative tests to identify a site of compression of the brachial bundle specific to a type of TOS to confirm the syndrome and propose a management plan. However, due to the lack of accepted criteria for the diagnosis of TOS, test results may be unable to confirm or rule out the presence of the syndrome. This has important implications for the generalization of results relating to test performance. The purpose of this thesis was to establish the validity of orthopedic tests commonly used to diagnose a thoracic outlet syndrome. A systematic literature review was first conducted on the subject. Afterward, a clinical research on the accuracy of commonly used orthopedic tests used in practice was done using an echography Doppler machine. A better understanding of the validity of these tests should improve the clinical diagnosis and help define a clear plan of management. The advantages offered by this research project are multiple for clinicians, the study provides a better understanding of this controversial syndrome, knowledge on the quality of the research done up until now and lastly, clinicians have a better understanding of the validity of TOS orthopedic tests in an objective to help improve its diagnosis.