The aim of this study is to determine the security relevance of farm attacks in South Africa. This is based on the propositions that indications exist that farm attacks in the RSA reflect more than common criminality; that the combating of farm attacks requires specific measures; and that farm attacks in other African states, as well as prior to 1994 in some instances also in South Africa, had demonstrated specific political motives. In the search for the underlying causes behind the incidence of farm attacks, aspects such as the occurence of farm attacks elsewhere in Africa; the political history of the RSA; the dynamics associated with an increase in crime during political transition; land reform; and the extent of farm attacks in the RSA, were analysed. The occurence of farm attacks seems not to be unique to South Africa, as attacks of this nature also occurred in other African states such as Kenya and Zimbabwe. As could have been expected from international experience, crime increased substantially in South Africa during a period of radical political transition. Farm attacks, which inherently manifest as violent crimes, also increased, especially during the period between 1997 and 2001. Developments during South Africa’s political past led to a situation in which a substantial part of the population lost not only their political rights, but also their land. As a result, land reform is high on the agenda of those who feel deprived, as well as that of the government. The findings reached by commissions of enquiry and research into the causes of farm attacks reveal that crime is the single most important motive for farm attacks. Other motives were identified in single cases, but no common sinister motive or any specific organisation instigating farm attacks could be established. Although the level of trust between the farming community and government has in some cases suffered considerable harm, both parties are bound to the combating of farm attacks, including participation in the implementation of combined strategies such as the Rural Safety Plan. The occurrence of farm attacks is clearly a significant security issue. Although it is not yet considered as posing an immediate direct threat to national security, it has already been recognized that farm attacks could negatively impact on food security. The possibility of this phenomenon developing into a full-fledged national security issue, can thus not be excluded. / Dissertation (M (Security Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Political Sciences / unrestricted

The lack of respect for authority and discipline of teachers on the part of the learners is a factor contributing to low morale and sense of neglected status to teachers. These factors prevent true realisation of the idealism with which educators initially entered the profession, as they are faced with the realities in schools. The need for security and geborgenheit lay the foundation for security in the workplace of educators. The need for physical safety is described in this dissertation on the basis of contextual and theoretical frameworks, to a better understanding of teachers' insecurities. The need to experience geborgenheit appeals to the discipline of Education Law, which focuses inter alia on psychological security through an analysis of legal sources. It contributes to achieve the overall objective of this study, namely to determine the perceptions of educators regarding the impact of student misconduct on their security. Several factors, namely school-related factors, labour law factors as well as society related factors that learners come into contact with every day, contributes to misconduct by some learners. It therefore compels all stakeholders in education to become involved in the education of the students and not to perceive education as a "one-man job". From an employment perspective, the promotion of a safe environment, where learners and educators experience geborgenheit, a prerequisite for their physical and psychological security. This will contribute to the holistic performance of the educational task by the teacher for the benefit of the learners. / MEd (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The lack of respect for authority and discipline of teachers on the part of the learners is a factor contributing to low morale and sense of neglected status to teachers. These factors prevent true realisation of the idealism with which educators initially entered the profession, as they are faced with the realities in schools. The need for security and geborgenheit lay the foundation for security in the workplace of educators. The need for physical safety is described in this dissertation on the basis of contextual and theoretical frameworks, to a better understanding of teachers' insecurities. The need to experience geborgenheit appeals to the discipline of Education Law, which focuses inter alia on psychological security through an analysis of legal sources. It contributes to achieve the overall objective of this study, namely to determine the perceptions of educators regarding the impact of student misconduct on their security. Several factors, namely school-related factors, labour law factors as well as society related factors that learners come into contact with every day, contributes to misconduct by some learners. It therefore compels all stakeholders in education to become involved in the education of the students and not to perceive education as a "one-man job". From an employment perspective, the promotion of a safe environment, where learners and educators experience geborgenheit, a prerequisite for their physical and psychological security. This will contribute to the holistic performance of the educational task by the teacher for the benefit of the learners. / MEd (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Based on Ph. D. Thesis--University of Nottingham, School of Law, 2003. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Based on Ph.D. thesis--University of Nottingham, School of Law, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

South Africa is in the critical process of determining the profile of its power composition for the next 30 years and beyond. From the IRP2010 it seems that too much emphasis is placed on renewable energy, coal and other technologies and too little on nuclear power. In the revision of the IRP2010, the renewable portion of the energy composition has been increased substantially from 11.4 to 17.8GW, where nuclear remains on 9.6GW (DME, 2011). The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare power-generating technologies. The investigation of the different technologies is corroborated through modelling the IRP2010 planned energy mix efficiency, as well as a proposed energy mix. These models will be built using Microsoft Excel. Topics not investigated are socio-economic impacts and politics around nuclear energy in South Africa. The main finding of the research is that nuclear power is the best option for base load energy in order to meet South Africa‟s growing demand for electricity. It has the highest load factor, longest economic life, best safety record, adheres to the Kyoto protocol, uses the least fresh water and is economically competitive. It addresses all the concerns stipulated in the IRP2010 and the technology also offers benefits outside the electricity industry, such as the mining, medical, agriculture and research sectors. This versatile, reliable and powerful technology holds great benefits and has the potential to uplift the quality of life for the whole South African nation. / MSc (Nuclear Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In the recent past South Africa saw an increase in participation in school sport concomitant with an increase in litigation awareness in society. Legal accountability based on damage suffered in the participation in sport has become more common, introducing an additional dimension to risk management by the educator. Learner safety is one of the key aspects in a school. Educator accountability with regard to the safety of learners in school sports is a focus of attention. An effective risk management programme to limit injuries and risks to participants in school sports must be developed. Risk management is the prime instrument by which injuries and the potential exposure of the educator or school to damage and legal accountability can be reduced or prevented. Some aspects of legal risk management are crucial for the educator's duty of care during coaching and the educator's legal duty with regard to the participants' safety. The educator must possess enough legal knowledge to successfully carry out his duty of care. This research will critically assess the safety strategies and the legal risk management of participation in school sports in South Africa. To be able to do this, I determined which common-law and legally accountable determinants can be applicable and what role they will play to ensure the safety of learners in schools. Firstly a literature study in legal risk management in school sports was done. This study found that the educator's responsibilities and obligations are determined by common-law and case law determinants. An empirical investigation was launched. Interviews were conducted with educators involved in sports in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda district of the North-West Province. The topic was the current state of affairs in risk management in school sport. The participants' perceptions of legal risk management were discussed and their views analysed, whereupon findings and recommendations were made. The general impression based on the results was that the educators experience huge uncertainty and are seriously uninformed about with regard to delictual liability towards learners under their care. It was found that educators do not have sufficient legal knowledge to comply with the requirements set by law. Therefore the security of the participants (on grounds of their participation) and the educators (on grounds of their legal accountability) is jeopardised. It is recommended that all tertiary institutions develop training programmes to empower educators and student educators with knowledge of legal procedures in education. It is further recommended that the education department as employer together with governing bodies, principals and trade unions support such training programmes- now and in the future. Finally, educators, school management teams and governing bodies should be more risk-aware and more pro-active in preventing sport-related injuries, because of the ignorance regarding guidelines for risk management in sports and standards of security. The complex nature of our society makes knowledge of the legal aspects in education by all role players in education not only desirable, but mandatory. / MEd (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

South Africa is in the critical process of determining the profile of its power composition for the next 30 years and beyond. From the IRP2010 it seems that too much emphasis is placed on renewable energy, coal and other technologies and too little on nuclear power. In the revision of the IRP2010, the renewable portion of the energy composition has been increased substantially from 11.4 to 17.8GW, where nuclear remains on 9.6GW (DME, 2011). The purpose of this research is to investigate and compare power-generating technologies. The investigation of the different technologies is corroborated through modelling the IRP2010 planned energy mix efficiency, as well as a proposed energy mix. These models will be built using Microsoft Excel. Topics not investigated are socio-economic impacts and politics around nuclear energy in South Africa. The main finding of the research is that nuclear power is the best option for base load energy in order to meet South Africa‟s growing demand for electricity. It has the highest load factor, longest economic life, best safety record, adheres to the Kyoto protocol, uses the least fresh water and is economically competitive. It addresses all the concerns stipulated in the IRP2010 and the technology also offers benefits outside the electricity industry, such as the mining, medical, agriculture and research sectors. This versatile, reliable and powerful technology holds great benefits and has the potential to uplift the quality of life for the whole South African nation. / MSc (Nuclear Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In the recent past South Africa saw an increase in participation in school sport concomitant with an increase in litigation awareness in society. Legal accountability based on damage suffered in the participation in sport has become more common, introducing an additional dimension to risk management by the educator. Learner safety is one of the key aspects in a school. Educator accountability with regard to the safety of learners in school sports is a focus of attention. An effective risk management programme to limit injuries and risks to participants in school sports must be developed. Risk management is the prime instrument by which injuries and the potential exposure of the educator or school to damage and legal accountability can be reduced or prevented. Some aspects of legal risk management are crucial for the educator's duty of care during coaching and the educator's legal duty with regard to the participants' safety. The educator must possess enough legal knowledge to successfully carry out his duty of care. This research will critically assess the safety strategies and the legal risk management of participation in school sports in South Africa. To be able to do this, I determined which common-law and legally accountable determinants can be applicable and what role they will play to ensure the safety of learners in schools. Firstly a literature study in legal risk management in school sports was done. This study found that the educator's responsibilities and obligations are determined by common-law and case law determinants. An empirical investigation was launched. Interviews were conducted with educators involved in sports in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda district of the North-West Province. The topic was the current state of affairs in risk management in school sport. The participants' perceptions of legal risk management were discussed and their views analysed, whereupon findings and recommendations were made. The general impression based on the results was that the educators experience huge uncertainty and are seriously uninformed about with regard to delictual liability towards learners under their care. It was found that educators do not have sufficient legal knowledge to comply with the requirements set by law. Therefore the security of the participants (on grounds of their participation) and the educators (on grounds of their legal accountability) is jeopardised. It is recommended that all tertiary institutions develop training programmes to empower educators and student educators with knowledge of legal procedures in education. It is further recommended that the education department as employer together with governing bodies, principals and trade unions support such training programmes- now and in the future. Finally, educators, school management teams and governing bodies should be more risk-aware and more pro-active in preventing sport-related injuries, because of the ignorance regarding guidelines for risk management in sports and standards of security. The complex nature of our society makes knowledge of the legal aspects in education by all role players in education not only desirable, but mandatory. / MEd (Education Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The increase in social challenges especially with regards to safety and security experienced in rural communities, as well as the lack of efficient lively places and public green spaces, is predominantly increasing in importance for government and planning policies. This problem is substantiated by the large number of deaths (especially the deaths of children) drowning in rivers flowing through or nearby rural communities because of the lack of any other safe, public facilities and well-managed and maintained green spaces. The research question therefore focuses on whether the planning of lively places and green spaces in rural communities can address some of these social issues, and contribute to the strengthening of communities and creation of lively public places. Government is struggling to deal with social issues (especially that of safety and security) within rural communities and a number of strategies were discussed and drawn up. (For example, the Rural Safety Summit which took place on 10 October 1998 aimed at achieving consensus regarding issues of rural insecurity; as well as crime prevention strategies as defined by the SAPS White Paper on Safety and Security (1998).) However, very little (if any) in-depth research on the possibility of upgrading public spaces into lively green places as a solution, has been done. This study can serve as a link between literature and practical rural issues, as well as contribute to green space and lively place development, incorporating international approaches and pilot studies, and illustrating best practices in terms of lively place and green space development, linking it to the local rural reality. In creating public and lively green places for rural communities, issues of safety, inequality, sociability and community coherence are addressed. Through the correct corresponding planning initiatives consequently drawn up, overall quality of life of those living in rural communities can be improved, decreasing the social challenges experienced. / MArt et Scien (Urban and Regional Planning), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014