Crude gliadins were extracted from Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat flour with 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solutions and then lyophilized. Lyophilized crude gliadins were dissolved in 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) or 4 mM acetic acid (HAc) and the density and ultrasound properties were measured at 20 °C. Good linear relationships of density, ultrasound velocity and ultrasound attenuation with solution concentrations were found. Solvent and sonication effects on the crude gliadins were discussed in terms of the values of the partial specific volume and the partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient for crude gliadins. The ethanol soluble crude gliadins had a larger partial specific volume and larger partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient than those for acidic soluble crude gliadins. These large values for the physical properties of ethanol soluble crude gliadins were thought to be evidence for the existence of complexes formed by some proteins (ethanol soluble LMW-glutenins and gliadins) and lipids in ethanol solutions and it was also found that the protein-lipid complexes were not destroyed by sonication treatment. Besides, there was no evidence showing that gliadins change with different wheat flours and cause different volume and compressibility properties of crude gliadins.

No description available.

The study of spectroscopic binaries is by no means a new area of study. The Doppler shifting of spectral lines as the stars orbit around each other is now able to be measured very precisely. Binary stars give a reliable means of determining stellar parameters such as the mass. A star's mass is one of the most dominant factors in determining its evolution. Stars for study in this thesis were selected from SB9 (the ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binaries). They were chosen on criteria such as apparent visual magnitude, orbital period, orbital solution grade, equatorial velocity and position. Only stars with poor to average orbital solutions were chosen as it is these orbits which need the most work done. In total 6 spectroscopic binary systems were chosen for study in this thesis. Four single lined spectroscopic binaries (HD 70958, HD 110318, HD 122223 and HD 141544) and two double line spectroscopic binaries (HD 110317 and HD 148704). Unfortunate observing conditions meant that adequate phase coverage of HD 110317 and HD 110318 was not achieved. Adequate phase coverage of the star HD 122223 was also not achieved but this is likely a result of the period being about three years and not about 207 days as quoted in the catalogue. Observations were carried out with the HERCULES spectrograph and the 1-metre McLellan telescope at the Mt John University Observatory from December 2007 until September 2008. Radial velocities were than measured from these spectra with HRSP3 and then orbital solutions were derived. Orbital solutions have been derived for the single-lined systems HD 141544 and HD 70958. The precision of HD 141544 was much better than HD 70598. This is because HD 70958 is complicated by differential rotation and possible chromospheric activity. The orbital solution of the double lined system HD 148704 was obtained by using CARTopt and not TODCOR as is common, with good results. HD 122223 is included even though only six spectra were obtained as it will be evident that the current orbital solution should be rejected in favour of the previous solution obtained in 1936 by Christie. Although the amount of data was not as large as was hoped, significant improvements of the orbital solutions were obtained. The secondary component of HD 148704 had only previously being detected in a very few spectra but now has a good orbital solution. Errors on all parameters have been decreased and tighter limits have been placed on the secondary components of the single lined systems. The mass ratio of the components of HD 148704 was also determined very accurately and calculation of the inclination from photometry may allow accurate masses to be determined.

No description available.

No description available.

AbstractBackground: ACL injuries is common and can result in long term disability or even have a career ending outcome for the athlete. Women are more exposed to ACL injuries than men are and several factors increase the risk of ACL injuries for women where one is the knee angle velocity. It seems that prevention programs involving plyometric- and strength training has been most effective on altering these risk factors for knee injuries. But many programs involve several exercises which makes it very time consuming. Since the gluteus muscles is our main hip abductor and hip stabilizer it is of great importance for controlling the knee. The ProPrioPlate (PPP) is a device that has been validated and shown to activate the gluteus medius 40% more in a squat compared to a regular bodyweight squat.Purpose: To investigate if a 6 week long training period, 3 sessions/ week, 5minutes/session with the PPP could decrease the mean abduction angular velocity (°/sec) of the knee joint in a Drop jump (DJ) in women with poor knee stabilityMethod: An experimental study design was used. Twelve female athletes with poor knee stability and signs of knee valgus in a drop jump conducted a 6 weeks training program to investigate any changes in abduction angular velocity in a DJ. 3D motion analyzes were performed before and after the training period. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to investigate if there were any changes in results between the different test occasions.Results: Median abduction angular velocity of the test performed before the intervention was -34. 34 (min -70. 65 max -11. 53) deg/sec and after the intervention median -34. 22 deg/sec (min -51. 97 max -3. 28). The P value was 0.24 which indicate that there were no statistical significant differences between the three testing occasions. Compliance to the intervention was low, 15%.Conclusion: A 6 weeks training period with the PPP did not decrease the abduction angular velocity. Due to low compliance rate amongst of subjects no conclusion regarding the effect of the device can be made. / Abstrakt:Bakgrund: Svenska ligament registret rapporterar ungefär 5000 främre korsbandsskador (ACL) årligen i Sverige. ACL skador kan resultera i långvarig frånvaro från sporten eller till och med att idrottaren inte längre kan fortsätta sin karriär. Kvinnor är mer utsatta för ACL skador än män och det är flera faktorer som ökar risken för ACL skador hos kvinnor. Forskningen pekar mot att träningsprogram som syftar till att minska risken för knäskador innefattar styrketräning och plyometrisk träning. Många träningsprogram för att minska risken för knäskador innefattar många övningar vilket gör det tidskrävande. ProPrioPlate (PPP) är ett träningsredskap som är validerat och har visats aktivera gluteus medius 40% mer i en knäböj på PPP jämfört med vanliga knäböj.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka knätabduktionshastighet i ett dropp vertikalhopp innan och efter ett 6 veckors träningsprogram med PPP för kvinnor med bristande knästabilitet.Metod: En exprementell studiedesign har använts. Tjugo frivilliga kvinnliga idrottar med bristande knästabilitet och teckan på valgus vid dropjump genomförde ett 6 veckors träningsprogram för att undersöka om knäabduktionshastighet i ett dropp vertikalhopp förändrades efter träningsperioden. 3D analyser på testpersonerna genomfördes innan och efter träningsperioden. Wilcoxons signed ranked test användes för att undersöka skillnader mellan de olika test tillfällena.Resultat: Medianen av abduktionshastigheten före interventionen var -47,88 grader/sek (min -74,76 max -30.16), -34.34 (min -70.65 max -11.53) och efter interventionen -34.22 (min -51.97 max -3.28) grader/sek. P värdet var 0.24 vilket indikerar att det inte fanns någon signifikant skillnad mellan före- och eftertesterna. Följsamheten till träningen hos deltagarna var låg (15%).Slutsats: En 6 veckors träningsperiod med PPP minskade inte abduktionshastigheten i ett DJ. Låg åtföljnad av våra testpersoner till träningsperioden innebar att inga slutsatser gällande PPP kan utgöras.

Crude gliadins were extracted from Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat flour with 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solutions and then lyophilized. Lyophilized crude gliadins were dissolved in 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) or 4 mM acetic acid (HAc) and the density and ultrasound properties were measured at 20 °C. Good linear relationships of density, ultrasound velocity and ultrasound attenuation with solution concentrations were found. Solvent and sonication effects on the crude gliadins were discussed in terms of the values of the partial specific volume and the partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient for crude gliadins. The ethanol soluble crude gliadins had a larger partial specific volume and larger partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient than those for acidic soluble crude gliadins. These large values for the physical properties of ethanol soluble crude gliadins were thought to be evidence for the existence of complexes formed by some proteins (ethanol soluble LMW-glutenins and gliadins) and lipids in ethanol solutions and it was also found that the protein-lipid complexes were not destroyed by sonication treatment. Besides, there was no evidence showing that gliadins change with different wheat flours and cause different volume and compressibility properties of crude gliadins.

The wavefront construction (WFC) method is an effective tool to compute seismic ray fields and has wide applications. This paper applies the WFC method to a heterogeneous earth model represented as a 3-D grid instead of a sequence of smooth layers, as the layered model is insufficient for the regions with complex geological structures. In order to utilize gridded models, highly heterogeneous models must be smoothed for reliable numerical results. A new velocity gradient smoothing method is proposed that is able to control quantitatively the smoothness of the velocity model while preserving the main structural characteristics of the original model. A modified inverse distance weighting method is applied to obtain velocities or densities at an arbitrary point in the model for successive wavefront propagation. A very complex 3-D grid model based on the standard Marmousi reference model is tested to compare the new approach to alternative smoothing schemes, and the first arrival travel times from the WFC method are compared with results from an eikonal solver. These results are obtained more quickly, but the algorithm is restricted to computing only first arrivals. However, comparison helps to establish the accuracy of the WFC solutions and assess the influence of the smoothing schemes. The modeling comparisons verify the effectiveness of the proposed smoothing methods and the enhanced performance of the WFC algorithm with the 3-D grid model.

The following hypothesis is tested by the research: A single crash test contains information that can be used to predict vehicle response accounting for different crash conditions such as vehicle mass and initial velocity and thus can be used to predict the effect on occupant injury risk for varying occupant positions within a vehicle It is established that the response of the crumple zone is influential in the level of injury risk. The metric for such response in common use is the NHTSA linear stiffness parameter. This parameter is used to show that stiffness increases with vehicle mass in a demographic setting. However, by comparing vehicle mass trends over 28 years of crash testing with similar trends in stiffness, a mass influence in the stiffness increase is implicated. This influence is supported by the introduction of a mass-independent stiffness metric, called reluctance, which shows a lesser increase in mass-independent stiffness over the 28 years. The idea that stiffness should increase with vehicle mass runs counter to intuition and is tested by comparing two identical vehicles in crash tests where one of the vehicles carries an extra 555kg. The idea is further tested by simulation using a multiple mass-spring model on vehicles, varying mass and impact velocity. Using the reluctance stiffness metric it was concluded that increased vehicle mass decreases stiffness, confirming intuition. Using the injury risk metric of contact velocity differential between occupant and interior of the vehicle it is shown that increased vehicle mass reduces injury. This has important implications for the industry where a marginal performer in a compliance crash test needs only to increase production vehicle mass to reduce injury levels to the statutory injury reference values. A fleet study presents evidence of increasing average vehicle mass. The study observes that blunt injury generally commences prior to vehicle rebound and continues well into rebound. Recognizing vehicle rebound to be influential in almost all blunt injury led to analysis of the fleet for improvement to this injury parameter. Using specific energy absorption as criterion, 18 modern cars were compared with 19 cars 15-17 years older at compliance test velocities. No improvement was discerned. Similarly, two baskets of cars (n=41 modern & n=32 older) tested at NCAP speeds separated by nominally 20 years failed to show improvement in rebound velocity. The implications for this study of the rebound findings was to ensure that the model presented was capable of representing injury into the rebound phase of the crash. To assist in this, a rebound formulation to reflect varying initial velocity was determined to be a linear function, studying 7 models of vehicles involved in 20 crashes at nominally 40, 48 & 56 km/h crash speeds. Occupant position within a vehicle is identified as an important variable in injury determination. Vehicle crash tests require seating positions to be set to mid-track adjustment. This discriminates against vehicles having more "legroom" while appearing to be fair, using seating adjustment as the determinant. An empirical mathematical model is proposed permitting crash test results to be extended to investigate the effects of varying occupant positions thus eliminating the legroom anomaly. In addition to the varying occupant position facility, the mathematical model can easily accommodate changes in vehicle mass and varying impact velocity showing fidelity with test data. The model is used to show that injury risk in the National Fleet has not improved over an 18-year period of crash testing.

vi, 208 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Botany, 1976