Crude gliadins were extracted from Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat flour with 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solutions and then lyophilized. Lyophilized crude gliadins were dissolved in 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) or 4 mM acetic acid (HAc) and the density and ultrasound properties were measured at 20 °C. Good linear relationships of density, ultrasound velocity and ultrasound attenuation with solution concentrations were found. Solvent and sonication effects on the crude gliadins were discussed in terms of the values of the partial specific volume and the partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient for crude gliadins. The ethanol soluble crude gliadins had a larger partial specific volume and larger partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient than those for acidic soluble crude gliadins. These large values for the physical properties of ethanol soluble crude gliadins were thought to be evidence for the existence of complexes formed by some proteins (ethanol soluble LMW-glutenins and gliadins) and lipids in ethanol solutions and it was also found that the protein-lipid complexes were not destroyed by sonication treatment. Besides, there was no evidence showing that gliadins change with different wheat flours and cause different volume and compressibility properties of crude gliadins.

Crude gliadins were extracted from Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat flour with 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solutions and then lyophilized. Lyophilized crude gliadins were dissolved in 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) or 4 mM acetic acid (HAc) and the density and ultrasound properties were measured at 20 °C. Good linear relationships of density, ultrasound velocity and ultrasound attenuation with solution concentrations were found. Solvent and sonication effects on the crude gliadins were discussed in terms of the values of the partial specific volume and the partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient for crude gliadins. The ethanol soluble crude gliadins had a larger partial specific volume and larger partial specific adiabatic compressibility coefficient than those for acidic soluble crude gliadins. These large values for the physical properties of ethanol soluble crude gliadins were thought to be evidence for the existence of complexes formed by some proteins (ethanol soluble LMW-glutenins and gliadins) and lipids in ethanol solutions and it was also found that the protein-lipid complexes were not destroyed by sonication treatment. Besides, there was no evidence showing that gliadins change with different wheat flours and cause different volume and compressibility properties of crude gliadins.

Rock grouting is performed to decrease the hydraulic conductivity around underground structures, such as tunnels and caverns. Cement grouts are often used and pumped into joint and fractures of the rock formation. Piston type pumps are mostly used for high pressure rock grouting. A pulsation effect is inevitable when using this type of pump due to the movement of the piston. The effect of this pulsation on rock grouting is yet to be known but believed to be benefi-cial for the penetration of the grout. Current flow meters used in the field are not accu-rate enough to determine the fluctuation of the flow rate when it is less than 1 l/min. In addition, currently available flow meters measure the average of the flow over a cer-tain period of time, hence the true fluctuation of the flow rate due to the pulsation of the piston remains unknown. In this paper, a new methodology, the so called ‘Ultrasound Velocity Profiling – Pressure Difference’ (UVP+PD) method has been introduced to show the pulsation effect when using a piston type pump. The feasibility of this method was successfully investigated for the direct in-line determination of the rheological properties of micro cement based grouts under field conditions (Rahman &amp; Håkansson, 2011). Subse-quently, it was also found that this method can be very efficient to measure the fluctu-ation of the flow rate for different types of pumps. From a grouting point of view the UVP+PD method can be used to synchronize the pressure and flow of a piston type pump by measuring the pulsation effect. Conse-quently it can be used as a tool for the efficiency and quality control of different types of pumps. / <p>QC 20121221</p>

The rheological properties of cement based grouts change with water/cement ratio and time, during the course of hydration. For this reason, it is desirable to be able to measure this change continuously, in-line, with a robust instrument during the entire grouting operation in the field. The rheological properties of commonly used cement grouts were determined using the Ultrasound Velocity Profiling combined with the Pressure Difference (UVP+PD) method. A non-model approach was used that directly provides the properties, and the results were compared with the properties obtained using the Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley rheological models. The results show that it is possible to determine the rheological properties, as well as variations with concentration and time, with this method. The UVP+PD method has been found to be an effective measuring device for velocity profile visualization, volumetric flow determination and the characteristics of the grout pump used. / <p>QS 2013</p>

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of Mn content and alloying additions such as Cr and Mo, and various heat treatment procedures on both microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic manganese (Hadfield) steels. For this purpose, steels with two different Mn content were considered (12-14 Mn, 16-18 Mn). First, five different heat treatment procedures were applied to the as-cast 12-14 Mn specimens to decide the procedure resulting the optimum tensile properties. Then, the specimens having various amounts of Mn, Cr and Mo were cast and heat-treated to investigate the effect of alloy modifications on austenitic manganese steels. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used for microstructural investigation. To determine the mechanical properties, tensile tests and hardness tests were carried out. In addition to correlation between microstructure and mechanical properties, ultrasonic velocity measurements were also done. The results show that both composition and heat treatment affect the performance of hadfield steels extensively, and these changes also affect the propogation velocity of the ultrasonic waves.

This master's thesis is focused on measurement of the velocity profiles in liquids using ultrasound. The thesis describes two executed measurements both in the channel with free surface, both in the square shaped pipe. In the introductory part this work deals with clarifying the theoretical fundamentals associated with the measurement method UVP such as the Doppler effect, the speed of sound in the medium or the acoustic impedance of the environment. The next part describes the execution of the velocity profile measurement in the channel with free surface described and there is also the description of the results achieved during this measurement. In the last part the thesis deals with the measurement of the velocity profile in the square shaped pipe. There is also the comparison between the measured velocity profiles and the velocity profiles calculated using the analytical formula. In the conclusion there is the evaluation of achieved results.