Class of 2009 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: The study’s purpose was determining the economic impact of recurrent coagulopathy with crotaline envenomation using the current standard of care, crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab antivenom (CroFab), and to establish a model of pharmacoeconomic assessment for future studies. METHODS: A recurrent coagulopathy cost assessment tool was designed that included payer and patient costs. This system used medical and billing references, government and business websites, published studies, and average costs for major variables affecting costs of recurrent coagulopathy to the payer and patient. RESULTS: Of the 42 subjects screened during the study period, 13 were eligible, and 5 chose to participate. On average, lab results were the most significant cost to payers ($247.25). No subject required additional vials of CroFab as a result of recurrent coagulopathy and therefore this was the least costly parameter. There were no correlation between lab costs, doctor visits, or ER visits. Lost wages were the highest cost to patients, with an average of $880.85. Household help and child care were the least costly parameters in this study group. The loss to follow-up was a substantial barrier to obtaining the projected number of study subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A major limitation of this study is the small sample size. Therefore, only generalizations can be made by analyzing the data in regards to the true costs of recurrent coagulopathy to patients and payers. Future pharmacoeconomic studies regarding average costs related to crotaline envenomation should consider experimental mortality a significant barrier to obtaining significant results.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-02T10:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1631861 bytes, checksum: fc65c023b417608d34cba2d1ba392904 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-02T10:47:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1631861 bytes, checksum: fc65c023b417608d34cba2d1ba392904 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Venomous animals share space with the human population, often causing fatal accidents. This fact is a public health problem that requires specific care and permanent and incisive measures. Most poisoning episodes occur in rural areas. However, urban areas are constantly affected, which characterizes the synanthropic profile of these animals. The differences between reporting data and biology of accidents culminated in underreporting which directly reflects in the epidemiology of the cases, as well as in the control, prevention and treatment of the accidents. This study aimed to describe the Epidemiological and Biological profile of accidents caused by venomous animals, registered in the National System of Disease Notification (SINAN), occurred in the metropolitan region of Campina Grande in Paraíba State, Brazil, in 2010 and 2015. Methodologically, we adopted the analyses of the injury reporting forms of the Toxicological Assistance Center (CEATOX), using the data available in the TabNet System (Ministry of Health), and animals that cause accidents, fixed and deposited in the collection of the CEATOX – Campina Grande. Three scientific articles, a scientific note of case reports, a chapter with recommendations to the SINAN, and a manual of good practices and identification of venomous animals were elaborated as result of this research. The main problem regarding the results was the imprecision in the identification of causative agents, which can not only underreport the data, but also limit the understanding of accidents, increasing the range of biological information on each case. Finally, it is concluded that investments in taxonomy and animal biology, as well as in the training of technical teams are indispensable for a more precise relation between these epidemiological events and the poisoning causative agent. / Animais peçonhentos dividem espaço com a população humana muitas vezes causando acidentes fatais. Este é um problema de saúde pública, que requer cuidados específicos e ações permanentes e incisivas. A maioria dos episódios de envenenamento ocorrem nas zonas rurais, entretanto, áreas urbanas são constantemente afetadas, o que caracteriza o perfil sinantrópico destes animais. As diferenças entre os dados de notificação e a biologia dos acidentes, culminaram em subnotificações que refletem diretamente na epidemiologia dos casos, como também no controle, prevenção e tratamento de acidentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descreve o perfil Epidemiológico e Biológico dos acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos, registrados no Sistema Nacional de Notificação de Agravos, ocorridos na Região Metropolitana de Campina Grande no período de 2010 e 2015. Metodologicamente foram adotadas análises nas fichas de investigação de agravos do Centro de Assistência Toxicológica (CEATOX), utilizando-se os dados disponíveis no Sistema TabNet (Ministério da Saúde) e animais causadores de acidentes fixados e depositados na coleção do CEATOX – Campina Grande. Como resultados foram elaborados três artigos científicos, uma nota científica de relato de casos, um capítulo com recomendações ao SINAN e um Manual de boas práticas e identificação de animas peçonhentos. A principal problemática encontrada nos resultados foi a imprecisão na identificação dos agentes causadores, o que pode não só subnotificar dados, como também limitar o entendimento dos acidentes, ampliando o leque de informações biológicas sobre cada caso. Por fim, conclui-se que é indispensável o investimentos em taxonomia e biologia animal, como também no treinamento das equipes técnicas, para uma mais precisa relação entre estes eventos epidemiológicos e o agente causador de empeçonhamento.

2 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

2 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

2 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

2 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

3 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

3 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

3 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.

2 pp. / Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit / The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.