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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Screening of mycosporine-like compounds in the dermatocarpon genus : phytochemical study of the lichen dermatocarpon luridum (WITH.) J.R Laundon / Criblage de composés de type mycosporines dans le genre Dermatocarpon : étude phytochimique particulière du lichen Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon

Nguyen, Thi Thu Tram 19 December 2014 (has links)
Un criblage phytochimique à partir de quatre lichens saxicoles hydrophiles du genre Dermatocarpon a mis en évidence la présence inattendue de composés de type mycosporines dans ces chlorolichens. Leur présence a été confirmée dans des échantillons historiques d'herbiers couvrant une période de plus de 170 ans. Leur teneur était comprise entre 0,1 et 1,4 mg/g de lichen sec. Trois mycosporines ont été isolées de Dermatocarpon luridum collecté en Bretagne sur des rochers d'eau vive: deux mycosporines natives, la mycosporine glutaminol et la mycosporine glutamicol ainsi qu'un artéfact d'isolement, l'ester éthylique de la mycosporine glutamicol. Leurs propriétés physico-chimiques incluant le calcul de leur pKa ont été déterminées. L'étude phytochimique a également conduit à l'isolement de sept autres composés dont un acide aminé non protéique, un dipeptide et un céramide identifiés pour la première fois dans un lichen et le cérévistérol jusqu'ici non décrit dans D. luridum. Les activités cytotoxiques et photoprotectrives des composés disponibles en quantité suffisante ont été évaluées. Le cérévistérol a montré une cytotoxicité modérée sur huit lignées cellulaires contrairement aux cinq autres composés. Les propriétés photoprotectrices et activités antioxydantes de l'ester éthylique de la mycosporine glutamicol et d'un extrait aqueux semi-purifié de D. miniatum présentent un intérêt pour un possible développement comme actif solaire. / A screening of mycosporine-like compounds in four hydrophilic Dermatocarpon lichen species has highlighted the unexpected occurrence of such metabolites in chlorolichens. These compounds were confirmed and quantified in historical herbarium samples (15-50 mg) even more than 170 years old. Total mycosporine contents ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg/g of dry lichens. Two genuine mycosporines (mycosporine glutaminol and the more stable mycosporine glutamicol) with an artifact mycosporine glutamicol ethyl ester were isolated from Dermatocarpon luridum collected in a breton river. Their physico-chemical properties were also determined including pKa. The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of seven additional compounds in which a non-protein amino acid, a dipeptide and a ceramide were identified for the first time in lichens and cerevisterol for the first time in D. luridum. Compounds obtained in suitable quantity were evaluated for their cytotoxic and photoprotective properties. Except a moderate cytotoxicity of cerevisterol, the five tested compounds were not found toxic on the eight cell lines. Photoprotective properties of the mycosporine glutamicol ethyl ester and a semi-purified aqueous extract of Dermatocarpon miniatum along with some antioxidant activities are promising to develop new sunscreens.
2

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Staurothele (Verrucariaceae, lichenized ascomycetes) from the karst of northern Vietnam

Gueidan, Cécile, Van Do, Truong, Lu, Ngan Thi 17 June 2020 (has links)
The crustose genus Staurothele (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) is a common component of the lichen flora from subneutral to alkaline silicate rocks in temperate to cold-temperate climates. Our field study in the karst system of northern Vietnam showed that it is also common on dry to humid limestone in the wet tropics. Molecular data revealed that species of Staurothele from Vietnam belong to an unnamed clade sister to the genus Endocarpon, together with the tropical Australian species Staurothele pallidopora and Staurothele diffractella, a North American species recently transferred to Endocarpon based on molecular data. The genus Willeya is here resurrected for this clade of crustose epilithic Staurothele with pale ascospores. Eight new combinations are proposed and three new species of Willeya are described from Vietnam. Sampling tropical members of a lichen family previously mostly known from temperate areas contributed significantly to improving its generic classification.

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