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Flow over weirs with application to fish passage facilitiesKamula, R. (Riitta) 09 May 2001 (has links)
Abstract
Fishways are hydraulic structures designed to dissipate the energy of flowing water in order to
decrease water velocities and increase water depths. The history of fishways is long, the first written
remarks date back to the 17th century. Fishway hydraulics, however, have been
intensively studied only starting since the 1980's. Fishways have been classified into three main
categories according to their hydraulic characteristics: pool-and-weir, vertical slot, and Denil
fishways. Fishways are hydraulically complex structures, and thus designing tools for different fishway
types have been developed. In this report, a new designing procedure has been established, and equations
for each main fishway type have been suggested. In addition, flow conditions below different fishway
types have been examined, and velocity distributions at weirs with V-shaped crests in both pool-and-weir
fishways and at a single weir have been compared in different discharges and drops. Fishway flows have
been compared with flows over single weirs.
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Modification de l'écoulement turbulent au sein de passes à poissons à fentes verticales par l'insertion d'obstacles / Modification of the turbulent flow within master keys with fishes with vertical cracks by the insertion of obstaclesBourtal, Badreddine 06 July 2012 (has links)
L'étude de l'écoulement turbulent au sein des passes à fentes verticales est nécessaire afin d'améliorer ces dispositifs de franchissement contenant des barrières physiques aux mouvements migratoires des poissons. En effet, les études menées sur les passes existantes ont montré leurs limites pour permettre le franchissement des petites espèces de poissons avec des faibles capacités de nage. L'objectif de notre étude est d'adapter l'écoulement turbulent dans la passe aux capacités de nage des poissons. Des mesures de vitesse bidimensionnelle par Vélocimétrie par Imagerie de Particules (PIV) et les mesures de vitesse tridimensionnelle par Vélocimétrie Acoustique par effet Doppler (ADV) ont montré que les grandeurs cinématiques de l'écoulement au sein des passes existantes sont très importantes et donc affectent les capacités de nages des petites espèces de poissons. Une des stratégies pour répondre à ce problème est d'introduire des obstacles de forme cylindrique au sein des bassins de la passe à poissons. L'insertion de ces cylindres a pour objectif de réduire les quantités cinématiques de l'écoulement turbulent au sein de la passe afin d'adapter cet ouvrage au passage des petites espèces de poissons. Cette stratégie nécessite une méthode d'optimisation afin de trouver l'emplacement idéal des cylindres à partir de simulations numériques de l'écoulement (logiciel Star-CD). / The turbulent flow study in vertical slot fishway is necessary to improve this crossing device containing physical barriers to fish migration. Effectively, studies of existing fishways have shown their limits to ensure the crossing of small fish species with weak swimming abilities. The objective of our study is to adapt the turbulent flow to the fish species swimming abilities. The two-dimensional velocity measurements by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and three-dimensional velocity measurements by Doppler Velocimetry Acoustics (ADV) have shown that the flow kinematic quantities within the existing fishways are very important next to the small fish species capacities. One of strategies to answer at this problem is to introduce obstacles with cylindrical shape in the fishways pools. The adjunction of cylinders is intended to reduce the kinematics quantities of the turbulent flow within the fishways in order to adapt this hydraulic structure to the passage of small fish species. This strategy requires an optimization method to find the ideal location of the cylinders from numerical simulations of the flow (Star-CD code).
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