Thesis (M.Phys.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Turkey vultures were observed foraging alone and in groups of up to 16 individuals. Vigilance behavior was quantified by monitoring 4 aspects of vulture foraging behavior (proportion ofhead up time, number of head raises per minute, time interval between head raises, and proportion of time spent foraging during foraging bouts). Although solitary foragers spent 91% of their foraging bouts actively foraging, a greater proportion (47%)of their foraging time was spent with their heads up compared to individuals occurring in groups (<29%). Similarly, individuals in small groups (2-3 and 5-7) were more vigilant than individuals in large groups (8-16). Solitary foraging vultures raised their heads at a significantly higher rate than those foraging in groups of 5-7 or 8-16 and had significantly shorter intervals between head raises than group foragers. Large group foragers were able to minimize their vulnerability to predation because at least one head was up during the entire foraging bout. Results of this study were consistent with the 'many-eyes, hypothesis that individuals in a foraging group can feed at a faster rate by reducing vigilance time as the number of individuals scanning for predators increases (Pulliam, H. R. 1973. J. Theor. Biol. 38: 419-422).Key Words: turkey vulture, vulture, vigilance, foraging behavior, group size, Indiana. / Department of Biology

M.A. (Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / VIGILANCE EXPERIENCES: CANCER PATIENTS, FAMILIES, AND NURSES Cancer disease, treatment, and errors in health care put patients at increased risk for poor outcomes. To improve outcomes and protect patients, researchers recommend increased vigilance; yet, research on vigilance in health care is minimal. There are even fewer studies on patients, family members, and nurses’ experiences of vigilance, although such studies could contribute to understanding mechanisms that foster vigilance within and across groups. The purpose of this study was twofold: Aim 1 was to describe the experiences of vigilance as perceived at the individual levels of patients receiving treatment for cancer, family members of a patient with cancer, and oncology nurses. Aim 2 was to evaluate commonalities in the lived experience of vigilance as described by patients receiving treatment for cancer, one of their family members, and a nurse caring for them. A qualitative, empirical phenomenological method guided this research. The sample consisted of 7 cancer patients, 6 family members of cancer patients, and 7 oncology nurses. Broad, data generating questions were constructed to elicit rich, narrative descriptions of participants’ experiences with vigilance, which were audio-taped and transcribed. Each participant group data were individually analyzed, using Colaizzi’s method. Significant statements from each participant were identified, restated in the language of science, and interpreted for formulated meanings. From formulated meanings, theme categories were constructed and merged across participants within the groups. A narrative of the commonalities of the experience within each group was developed. The across group commonalities were analyzed in a matrix. A total of 5,272 total significant statements were derived from three participant groups. Eleven themes were derived from patient data, ten from family member data, and ten from nurses’ data. Vigilance appeared as a complex, multidimensional phenomenon, which is implicitly shared within and across these three groups. Common vigilance themes found across all 3 groups included: identification of threats, the key importance of knowledge, trust, hope and connectedness, the beyond the call of duty nature of vigilance, ways vigilance takes energy and effort, what promotes and interferes with vigilance, and vigilance as a shared phenomenon. Implications were found for the healthcare system and nursing care.

Adolescent alcohol abuse increases across the adolescent years. If left unchecked, alcohol abuse can give rise to delinquency, poor grades, and risky sexual behavior (Stueve & O’Donnell, 2005; Ellickson, Tucker, & Klein, 2003). Past research suggests that minimal parental oversight increases the risk for adolescent alcohol abuse. There is also evidence, however, that parents withdraw from oversight in the face of adolescent problem behaviors (Barber & Olsen, 1997; Hafen & Laursen, 2009). Each may vary according to the child’s physical development. Parents may respond to pubertal maturation with reduced supervision and early maturing girls may be sensitive to parent supervision because of the additional pressures and attention they receive from older, possibly deviant, peers (Stattin, Kerr, & Skoog, 2011). / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Diss. Tampereen teknillinen korkeakoulu, 2006. / Myös verkkojulkaisuna.

Lo Chi-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-51). / Abstract in English and Chinese; questionnaires in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Why is empirical research on driver sleepiness important? --- p.2 / Prevalence of driver sleepiness --- p.2 / Driver sleepiness as a risk factor for traffic accidents --- p.3 / Why should taxi driver sleepiness be studied? --- p.6 / Variations in sleepiness and vigilance and driving performance within a shift and comparison between daytime and nighttime drivers --- p.8 / "The impact of circadian typology on sleep, sleepiness, vigilance and driving performance" --- p.11 / Bright light exposure --- p.14 / Overview of the present study --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Main study --- p.20 / Recruitment and Characteristics of Participants --- p.20 / Procedure --- p.20 / Instruments --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Results --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Discussion --- p.36 / References --- p.42 / Figures --- p.52 / Tables --- p.55 / Appendices --- p.62