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Eletro-síntese de novos poli(p-fenileno-vinileno)s e estudo de sua aplicação potencial em dispositivos opto-eletrônicos e narizes eletrônicos / Electro-synthesis of new poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) to study its potential application in opto-electronic devices and electronic nosesYoshikawa, Eduardo Kunio Chinone 13 August 2004 (has links)
A presente tese de doutorado deu início a uma nova linha de pesquisa no grupo de Síntese de Polímeros Condutores do IQ-USP, que consiste nos estudos relacionados a sensores de gases para equipamentos do tipo narizes eletrônicos, confeccionados com polímeros condutores. Para isso, foram sintetizados eletroquimicamente sete polímeros da família dos poli(p-fenileno vinileno)s, dos quais cinco inéditos, substituídos por grupos receptores e doadores de elétrons.Todos os polímeros, incluindo seus precursores, foram caracterizados espectroscopicamente (RMN de 1H, IV e UV-Vis). Estudos de análises térmicas (TG e DSC) e de cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho (SEC) foram realizados com os polímeros que possuíam grupos alifáticos de cadeias longas, tendo sido um desses polímeros usado na confecção de dispositivos metal/polímero/metal, cujas medidas de corrente vs. tensão permitiram determinar a mobilidade dos portadores de carga. Sensores de gases foram feitos com os polímeros sintetizados, mostrando boa seletividade quando testados com vapores de uma série de solventes orgânicos polares e apolares. / In this thesis we describe the electrosynthesis of seven difterent poly(p-phenilenevinylene)s, PPVs, bearing long and short, electron donating and withdrawing side groups. These polymers are aimed for our recent interest in gas sensors based on conducting polymers and their application in electronic noses. Five out of the seven polymers are novel materials, hence never described before. The polymers were characterized spectroscopically. Those with long side chain were also submitted to thermal analyses and size exclusion chromatography. Electrical measurements (I x V) in metal/polymer/metal sandwich devices led to the determination of the charge carrier mobility of one of the polymers. Gas sensors, having thin films of the synthesized polymers as active layers, have shown good selectivity towards several organic solvent vapors and water as well.
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Estudo teórico da forma de linha de absorção do poli(p-fenileno vinileno)Silva, Marcelo Castanheira da 05 November 2013 (has links)
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / In this work we made a theoretical study of absorption line-shape of poly (pphenylene
vinylene) (PPV). The model was applied in films processed by techniques:
spin-coating (SC), layer-by-layer (LbL), and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). The probability
of electronic transitions was calculated based on the molecular model of excitons,
Franck-Condon states, Gaussian distribution of non-entangled chains with conjugate
degree n, semi-empirical parameterization of energy gap, electric dipole moment, and
electron-vibrational mode coupling. Based on the approach of the energy gap functional
dependence 1/n, the inclusion of the non-homogeneity energy dispersion 1/n2 is
essential to obtain good experimental data agreement, mainly, where the absorption
spectra display peaks width of about 65 meV. For unresolved absorption spectra, such
as those observed for a large number of conjugated polymers processed via spin-coating
technique, for example, the non-homogeneity energy dispersion parameterization is not
significant. We develop a model to describe the possible chemical reactions of
conversion of poly(xylyliden tetrahydrothiophenium chloride) (PTHT) monomers to
PPV monomers and PPV monomers in others monomers of different degrees of
conjugation. The dependence 1/n of the functional energy gap was compared with
experimental data oligomers and calculations optimized geometry by Density
Functional Theory (DFT). Effects of exciton confinement were considered in the
transition dipole moment functional. Simulations to calculate the oscillator strength of
the absorption spectra in PPV oligomers indicate that the HOMO-LUMO state prevails
over other excited states. Results obtained from the use of the distribution of the random
walk are as good as those achieved by the use of Gaussian distribution of conjugated
segments in simulations of absorption spectra of the PPV. The use of transition dipole
moment functional, which includes the effect of exciton confinement together with the
distribution of the random walk provide good results in adjustments theoretical
absorption spectra of PPV with more consistent physical parameters. / Nesse trabalho fizemos um estudo teórico da forma de linha de absorção do
poli(p-fenileno vinileno) (PPV). O modelo foi aplicado em filmes processados pelas
técnicas: spin-coating (SC), layer-by-layer (LbL) e Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). A
probabilidade de transição eletrônica foi calculada com base no modelo do exciton
molecular, estados de Franck-Condon, distribuição Gaussiana de cadeias não
emaranhadas com grau de conjugação n, parametrização semi-empírica do gap de
energia, do momento de dipolo elétrico e do acoplamento eletrônico vibracional.
Baseamos na aproximação do funcional do gap de energia de dependência 1/n, a
inclusão da dispersão de energia não homogênea 1/n2, que é essencial para se obter uma
boa concordância com os dados experimentais, principalmente em casos, onde o
espectro de absorção apresenta picos com largura de aproximadamente 65 meV. Em
espectros de filmes pouco definidos, tais como os processados pela técnica spin-coating,
a dispersão de energia não homogênea não é significativa. Desenvolvemos um modelo
para descrever as possíveis reações químicas de conversão de monômeros de poli-
(cloreto de xilideno tetrahidrotiofeno) (PTHT) em PPV e de monômeros de PPV em
outros de diferentes graus de conjugação. A dependência 1/n do funcional do gap de
energia foi comparada com dados experimentais de oligômeros de PPV e cálculos
otimizados da geometria pela Teoria do Funcional da Densidade (DFT). Efeitos de
confinamento de exciton foram considerados no funcional do momento de dipolo de
transição eletrônica. Simulações feitas para calcular a força de oscilador no espectro de
absorção em oligômeros de PPV indicam que o estado HOMO-LUMO prevalece sobre
outros estados excitados. Resultados obtidos pelo uso da distribuição do passeio
aleatório são tão bons quanto aos realizados pelo uso da distribuição Gaussiana de
segmentos conjugados em simulações de espectros de absorção do PPV. O uso do
funcional do momento de dipolo de transição, que inclui efeito de confinamento de
excitons, junto com a distribuição do passeio aleatório propiciam bons resultados nos
ajustes teóricos de espectros de absorção do PPV com parâmetros físicos mais
consistentes. / Doutor em Física
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Eletro-síntese de novos poli(p-fenileno-vinileno)s e estudo de sua aplicação potencial em dispositivos opto-eletrônicos e narizes eletrônicos / Electro-synthesis of new poly (p-phenylene-vinylene) to study its potential application in opto-electronic devices and electronic nosesEduardo Kunio Chinone Yoshikawa 13 August 2004 (has links)
A presente tese de doutorado deu início a uma nova linha de pesquisa no grupo de Síntese de Polímeros Condutores do IQ-USP, que consiste nos estudos relacionados a sensores de gases para equipamentos do tipo narizes eletrônicos, confeccionados com polímeros condutores. Para isso, foram sintetizados eletroquimicamente sete polímeros da família dos poli(p-fenileno vinileno)s, dos quais cinco inéditos, substituídos por grupos receptores e doadores de elétrons.Todos os polímeros, incluindo seus precursores, foram caracterizados espectroscopicamente (RMN de 1H, IV e UV-Vis). Estudos de análises térmicas (TG e DSC) e de cromatografia por exclusão de tamanho (SEC) foram realizados com os polímeros que possuíam grupos alifáticos de cadeias longas, tendo sido um desses polímeros usado na confecção de dispositivos metal/polímero/metal, cujas medidas de corrente vs. tensão permitiram determinar a mobilidade dos portadores de carga. Sensores de gases foram feitos com os polímeros sintetizados, mostrando boa seletividade quando testados com vapores de uma série de solventes orgânicos polares e apolares. / In this thesis we describe the electrosynthesis of seven difterent poly(p-phenilenevinylene)s, PPVs, bearing long and short, electron donating and withdrawing side groups. These polymers are aimed for our recent interest in gas sensors based on conducting polymers and their application in electronic noses. Five out of the seven polymers are novel materials, hence never described before. The polymers were characterized spectroscopically. Those with long side chain were also submitted to thermal analyses and size exclusion chromatography. Electrical measurements (I x V) in metal/polymer/metal sandwich devices led to the determination of the charge carrier mobility of one of the polymers. Gas sensors, having thin films of the synthesized polymers as active layers, have shown good selectivity towards several organic solvent vapors and water as well.
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Step-growth polymerization of perfluoro-vinyl ether, -cycloalkenes, and -acyclic alkenes with bisphenols containing variable polycyclic aromatic coresMukeba, Karl Mpumbwa 13 May 2022 (has links) (PDF)
This dissertation reports the synthesis and characterization of semi-fluorinated polymers derived from the polymerization of bisphenols with fluoroalkenes. A series of diverse bisphenols were chosen from popular commercial bisphenols and new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derived bisphenols requiring synthesis. Step-growth condensation polymerization of bisphenols with three different fluoroalkene types was performed while probing polymerization conditions and the structure/properties relationship of the resulting fluoropolymers. The fluoroalkene monomers were chosen from bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl (TFVE), perfluorocyclohexene (PFCH), and perfluoro acyclic monomers, namely, perfluoro(4-methyl-2-pentene) and 1-perfluoroheptene to undergo this chemistry.
This work is divided into four parts based on the polymerization methodology.
The first section focuses on the development of a new class of fluorinated arylene vinylene ether (FAVE) and their chain extended polymers prepared via base-catalyzed step-growth polymerization of PAH bisphenols with the TFVE monomer. These reactions afforded polymers containing controlled terminal and enchained fluoroalkenylenes for latent reactivity such as post polymerization functionalization, chain extension, and/or crosslinking. In general, these PAH cores resulted in polymers with improved thermal properties
The second portion describes the investigation of step-growth addition/elimination polymerizations of PAH bisphenols and PFCH to prepare a new class of fluoropolymers containing alternating rigid PAH linkages and enchained PFCH vinylene ether moieties in the backbone.
The third section covers the preparation and characterization of semi-fluorinated poly(aryl ether sulfone)s by nucleophilic addition/elimination reactions of PFCH with sulfone bisphenols. From commercially bisphenols combined with PAH bisphenols, we introduced the industrially valuable and property enhancing diaryl sulfone unit in a series of semi-fluorinated copolymers. This modular approach greatly expands access to partially fluorinated aryl ether sulfone polymers intended for high performance applications in optoelectronics, separation/purification membranes, and composites.
Finally, in the fourth section, a new class of semifluorinated polymers was synthesized via nucleophilic addition/elimination reactions of acyclic perfluoroalkenes with bisphenols. In particular, environmental concerns for biopersistent and highly regulated perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is the driver for using perfluoroheptene, which is derived cleanly by the decarboxylation of these pollutants in one step. This provided a new class of semi-fluorinated materials with promising properties including thermal stable, processability, and transparent film formation.
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Control of Crystallinity of Vinylene-Linked Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers by Rational Monomer DesignPastoetter, Dominik L., Liu, Yannan, Addicoat, Matthew A., Paasch, Silvia, Dianat, Arezoo, Bodesheim, David, Waentig, Albrecht L., Xu, Shunqi, Borrelli, Mino, Croy, Alexander, Richter, Marcus, Brunner, Eike, Cuniberti, Gianaurelio, Feng, Xinliang 04 June 2024 (has links)
The interest in two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2D CPs) has increased significantly in recent years. In particular, vinylene-linked 2D CPs with fully in-plane sp2-carbon-conjugated structures, high thermal and chemical stability, have become the focus of attention. Although the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction has been recently demonstrated in synthesizing vinylene-linked 2D CPs, it remains largely unexplored due to the challenge in synthesis. In this work, we reveal the control of crystallinity of 2D CPs during the solvothermal synthesis of 2D-poly(phenylene-quinoxaline-vinylene)s (2D-PPQVs) and 2D-poly(phenylene-vinylene)s through the HWE polycondensation. The employment of fluorinated phosphonates and rigid aldehyde building blocks is demonstrated as crucial factors in enhancing the crystallinity of the obtained 2D CPs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the critical role of the fluorinated phosphonate in enhancing the reversibility of the (semi)reversible C−C single bond formation.
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