The thesis deals with systems and possibilities for reducing energy needs in a family house. The search section is devoted to passive and low-energy houses, the possibilities of using rainwater and gray water, heat recovery with controlled ventilation, heat pumps and photovoltaics. The practical part presents the design calculations and an indicative purchase price and return calculation.

Summary Water resources are an important part of ecosystems. In the water balance of the landscape, the variability of climate, soil factors, as well as high diversity of vegetation play an important role. Evapotranspiration represents a major passive component in the water balance of the basin. Unlike forests, where the water balance is particularly predictable due to the long-term development of the stands, regular crop rotation in agricultural systems and agricultural practices may cause rapid changes in water balance during much shorter time. It may sometimes result in irreversible changes in ecosystems with impact on landscape biodiversity. An understanding of the limiting environmental factors and exact determination of the water demands of plants makepossible not only an improvement of yield parameters, but it is also condition for understanding of the agroecosystems sustainability in the cultural landscape. Field measurements of actual evapotranspiration were carried out in the period 2007 to 2015 in Velvary (Budihostice) in the Central Bohemia region, 210 m above sea level in the rain shadow area around Slaný territory. In terms of the average annual water balance (CHMI, 2014), the locality is regarded as the area with the difference between the average annual precipitation and annual potential evapotranspiration totals in amount of -200 mm, so the potential evapotranspiration slightly exceeds precipitation. Field measurements were conducted on commonly managed areas with a minimum size of the experimental plots of 1 ha. The measurements confirmed differences between the crop water demands during the growing season. Different values of the actual evapotranspiration as well as the Bowen ratio values were estimated for the observed crops depending on the growth stage of crops. The lowest values of actual evapotranspiration were detected for Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor. Higher water demands were shown by Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare. On the contrary, the highest values of actual evapotranspiration were found in stands of Beta vulgaris and Medicago sativa. According to the values obtained for crop coefficients (Kc), the crops of Z. mays, S. bicolor and T. aestivum had about a quarter lower values of Kc compared with M. sativa and B. vulgaris crops in the main growing season. In this work, the daily values of Kc, which are the basic characteristics of moisture requirements for individual crop were determined and can be used modelling of hydrological processes in agro-phytocoenoses. The evaluation of moisture requirement of crops by the water flow in plants (determined by the sap flow method) showed the expected differences between S. bicolor and Z. mays plants. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly higher in plants of C4 type (Z. mays and S. bicolor) compared with the rest of observed plants of C3 type (T. aestivum and H. vulgare).

This diploma thesis was solved in Niklův vrch and Rennerovy boudy, areas located in the eastern part of The Krkonoše Mountains National Park. The main aims of this work were vegetation survey and description of environmental factors by Ellenberg indicator values of meadow areas contaminated by leaked sewage and meadows in their vicinity (referential areas). Another objective of this study was to determine soil pH, acceptable phosphorus and total nitrogen content and heavy metals amount in soil samples. Based on all collected data was proposed future management for each area. The negative influence of leaking sewage on meadows in Niklův vrch wasn´t confirmed, because of their highly effective cleaning by three-compartment septic tank and biological filter before discharge into surface waters. Leaked sewage loading was demonstrated in Rennerovy boudy, but only in the area just below the septic tank. The reason of the loading is unsatisfactory condition of the septic tank itself (change to cesspool by blinding discharge and sunken cover). This area was characterized by low species diversity, which is connected with the lowest number of plant species found there (12 species). Based on the habitat of dominant nitrophilous species Urtica dioica and species with nitrophilous tendencies (Alopecurus pratensis, Geranium sylvaticum and Chaerophyllum hirsutum) was determined association Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 here. Soil from the area affected by the leaked sewage was characterized by the highest pH/KCl and total nitrogen content and also increased contents of acceptable and total P and K compared to other soil samples. To suppress this undesirable community Rumicetum alpini Beger 1922 is particularly necessary to improve the process of purifying leaking sewage by replacement the cesspool for household wastewater treatment plant. The distribution of this community also affects the absence of management. Therefore, it seems necessary to renew one-year mowing by scythe of this area.

This diploma thesis deals with saving drinking water supplied in the operation panel house type T06B . Saving solutions drinking water is proposed the use of gray waste water where their collection and subsequent purification will lead to further use. Treated gray wastewater is subsequently used primarily to flush fixtures. For different height levels of the type of building are designed with individual technological units . The proposal includes an assessment of saving drinking water , determination of operating costs and expenses for the purchase of technological equipment .

This diploma thesis concerning the Environmental Evaluation of Sports Grounds focuses on golf and ski resorts and the environmental impacts of their operation. The particular areas of interest chosen to be evaluated are Telč golf course, golf course Slav-kov u Brna, ski resort Harusák, and ski resort Nový Jimramov. I have chosen these ski areas in the Protected Landscape Area of Žďárské vrchy. In these particular areas I analysed the basic characteristics of the environmental conditions and then concentrated on factors affecting their surroundings and their living environment. Golf and ski resorts have one essential factor affecting the environment in common and that is the consumption of water during operation. I have considered this to be the most significant factor present in both kinds of the sports areas and therefore compared each area with one another to observe the water consumption variable.

The aim of this dissertation is to test the toxicity of the leachates at the landfill Štěpánovice with municipal solid waste. From literary works, the focus has been put on the legal regulations concerning the landfills waste. Furthermore, the attention has been drawn to the municipal wastes and their statistics, and also to the landfills and their engineering controls/technical security with the emphasis on the landfills monitoring. The issues of toxicology and its methods are described in the conclusion of the first section of the dissertation. The experimental section is based on the evaluation of the leachates which had been collected at the landfill Štěpánovice. The testing has been done on the basis of Toxicology testing with a semi-chronic exposure to the common duckweed (Lemna minor L). Consequently, the calculations of the growth inhibition have been carried out and analysed.

This diploma Thesis deals with the drainage conditions and retention potential of the selected river basin Karlínský creek in the Vysočina Region of a total area 1 722 hectare. The goal of the Thesis is to evaluate hydrological characteristics of the watershed calculated by the DesQ-MAXQ model. The input data are gained by processing of a resource materials in ArcGIS programme. The results as potential retention, volume of runoff and peak flow are presented in the form of map outputs drew up by using ArcGIS programme. An important part of the Thesis is also literary research focused to the topic issue and the characteristic of the river basin of interest.

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