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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effect of processing on the sensory profile and constituents of volatile acerola juice / Efeito do processamento sobre o perfil sensorial e os constituintes volÃteis do suco de acerola.

Lilian Geovania Costa Pinto 28 August 2007 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / In the present work the changes in the sensorial profile and the volatile profile of acerola plain juice due to industrial processing were monitored. Initially it was determined the volatile composition of the in natura acerola juice and the main odor-active compounds were assessed by the Osme CG-olfactometry technique. Later, five steps of juice processing were sampled: extraction, finishing, centrifugation, thermal treatment, final product with chemical preservatives. These samples were submitted to chromatographic and sensory analyses. Volatile compounds were isolated by using a dynamic headspace technique by suction, in Porapak Q, analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (FID) and identified by GC-MS. 92 compounds were detected in the headspace of acerola juice, from which 56 were identified and 6 were tentatively identified. The olfactometric analysis was able to detect 79 odoriferous compounds, from which 27 were considered the most important contributors to the characteristic acerola aroma. These compounds were classified in three groups: âcompounds with acerola aromaâ (Group 1) as hexanal, ethyl butanoate e E-3-hexen-1-ol; âcompounds described as pleasant notesâ (Group 2), like Z-3-hexenal, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, 4-pentenyl acetate, methyl hexanoate and ethyl hexanoate; âcompounds described as unpleasant notesâ (Group 3), like 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol and Z-3-hexenyl acetate. The mentioned compounds were the ones that showed the highest aroma intensities and were chosen to be monitored. In the first group, the compounds hexanal and ethyl butanoate showed good stability, while E-3-hexen-1-ol was drastically reduced with the thermal treatment. In Group 2, Z-3-hexenal and Z-3-hexen-1-ol also suffered great damages during the heating step. Compounds 1-octen-3-l and 3-octanol from Group 3 were totally lost when the food preservatives were added. By means of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, it was observed that the samples from the beginning steps (extraction, finishing and centrifugation) showed similar sensory profiles, and were characterized by high intensities of acerola aroma, acerola flavor, green acerola aroma, green acerola flavor, which had been diminishing throughout the processing. The final steps (thermal treatment and preservatives addition) were the ones which provoked the greater changes in the acerola juice sensory profile, increasing the artificial aroma and flavor perception. A positive correlation was determined between E-3-hexen-1-ol and acerola flavor. The descriptor acerola aroma correlated negatively to 4-pentenyl-acetate and methyl hexanoate. Compounds ethyl hexanoate and methyl hexanoate showed positive correlation to artificial aroma and artificial flavor, respectively, while Z-3-hexenyl acetate was directly proportional to the intensity of both descriptors. The cooked aroma descriptor was positively correlated to methyl hexanoate and 4-pentenyl acetate and negatively correlated to 1-octen-3-ol. Compounds ethyl butanoate and 3-octanol showed no significant correlation to any sensory descriptor. / Neste trabalho foram monitoradas as alteraÃÃes no perfil sensorial e no perfil de compostos volÃteis do suco de acerola integral durante o seu processamento. Inicialmente foi determinado o perfil de volÃteis do suco de acerola in natura, identificando os compostos de maior importÃncia odorÃfera, atravÃs da tÃcnica OSME de CG-olfatometria. Em seguida foram coletadas amostras de cinco etapas do processamento: despolpa, refinamento, centrifugaÃÃo, tratamento tÃrmico e produto final com adiÃÃo de conservantes, as quais foram submetidas à anÃlise cromatogrÃfica e anÃlise sensorial. Os compostos volÃteis do suco foram isolados pela tÃcnica de headspace dinÃmico por sucÃÃo, utilizando polÃmero Porapak-Q, sob condiÃÃes previamente padronizadas. Os volÃteis contidos no isolado foram separados por cromatografia gasosa de alta resoluÃÃo e identificados por CG-EM. Foram detectados 92 compostos no headspace do suco de acerola integral, dos quais 56 foram identificados e 6 tentativamente identificados. A anÃlise olfatomÃtrica permitiu a detecÃÃo de 79 compostos odorÃferos, dos quais 27 compostos foram considerados de maior importÃncia odorÃfera para a formaÃÃo do aroma caracterÃstico da acerola. Esses compostos foram classificados em trÃs grupos: âcompostos com aroma caracterÃstico de acerolaâ(Grupo 1) como hexanal, butanoato de etila e E-3-hexen-1-ol, âcompostos com qualidade odorÃfera agradÃvelâ (Grupo 2) como Z-3-hexenal, Z-3-hexen-1-ol, acetato de 4-pentenila, hexanoato de metila, hexanoato de etila e âcompostos com qualidade odorÃfera desagradÃvelâ (grupo 3) como 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol e acetato de Z-3-hexenila. Os compostos mencionados foram os que apresentaram maior intensidade odorÃfera e foram escolhidos para fazer o monitoramento. Observou-se que no Grupo 1, os compostos hexanal e o butanoato de etila mantiveram-se estÃveis durante o processamento, mas o E-3-hexen-1-ol foi drasticamente reduzido no tratamento tÃrmico. No Grupo 2, o Z-3-hexenal e Z-3-hexen-1-ol tambÃm sofreram grandes perdas na etapa de aquecimento. Por sua vez, os compostos 1-octen-3-ol e 3-octanol foram totalmente perdidos apÃs a adiÃÃo dos conservantes. AtravÃs da AnÃlise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) pode-se observar que as amostras do inÃcio do processamento do suco de acerola integral (despolpa, refinamento e centrifugaÃÃo) apresentaram perfis sensoriais semelhantes entre si, caracterizados por aroma e sabor de acerola, aroma e sabor de acerola verde os quais foram diminuindo ao longo do processamento. As etapas do final do processamento (tratamento tÃrmico e produto final com adiÃÃo de conservantes) foram as que mais modificaram o perfil sensorial do suco de acerola, aumentando de forma considerÃvel a percepÃÃo do aroma e sabor artificiais. Foi observada uma correlaÃÃo positiva significativa entre o E-3-hexen-1-ol e o sabor de acerola. O aroma de acerola correlacionou-se negativamente com acetato de 4-pentenila e hexanoato de metila. Os compostos hexanoato de etila e hexanoato de metila apresentaram-se positivamente correlacionados com o aroma artificial e sabor artificial respectivamente, enquanto que o acetato de Z-3-hexenila apresentou-se diretamente proporcional à intensidade de ambos descritores artificiais (aroma e sabor). O sabor cozido apresentou-se positivamente correlacionado com o hexanal, hexanoato de metila e acetato de 4-pentenila, e negativamente com o 1-octen-3-ol. Os compostos butanoato de etila e 3-octanol nÃo apresentaram nenhuma correlaÃÃo significativa com os descritores sensoriais.

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