Dans les synapses chimiques, des canaux calciques voltage-dépendants (VDCC) provoquent la fusion des vésicules synaptiques (SV) au niveau de la zone active. L’efficacité et la rapidité de la transmission synaptique dépendent de la distribution relative entre les VDCCs et les SVs prêtes à fusion. Cependant, les modalités d’interaction entre les VDCCs et les SVs ne sont pas connues. Afin de localiser les VDCCs à l’échelle nanométrique j’ai developpé une nouvelle approche chez Caenorhabditis elegans combinant le marquage in vivo des VDCCs, grâce à l’expression d’un épitope extracellulaire, et la microscopie électronique (EM). J’ai généré un transgene GFP::unc-36 qui code la seule sous-unité α2-δ qui s’associe à fois avec les sous-unités formant le pore α1 neuronal (UNC-2) et musculaire (EGL-19) chez C.elegans. J'ai ensuite utilisé des quantum dots conjugués avec l’anticorps anti-GFP, fluorescents et denses au électrons, pour localiser des VDCCs à haute résolution au niveau de la jonction neuromusculaire (NMJ) par EM. En parallèle, j'ai utilisé la technique de CALM (complementation activated light microscopy) pour étudier la dynamique des VDCC dans des vers vivants. Nos résultats montrent que les VDCCs diffusent à l’échelle de nanodomaines sur la membrane musculaire. De plus leur diffusion est modulée en réponse à la tension musculaire. La dystrophine participe au couplage électro-mécanique au niveau du sarcolemme en modulant la taille du domaine de confinement des VDCCs. Enfin, nous avons mis en evidence le rôle de RIM/UNC-10 dans la régulation de la mobilité latérale des VDCCs dans les neurones, probablement via son interaction avec les VDCCs et les SVs. / At chemical synapse voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) trigger synaptic vesicles (SV) fusion at the active zone in response to depolarization stimuli. Intracellular Ca2+ influx forms a nanodomain around individual VDCC. Fast and efficient synaptic transmissions appear to be tightly coupled with the relative distribution between the VDCCs and SVs fusion sites. However, the connection between VDCCs and docked SVs at a few nanometer scales remain enigmatic. To localize VDCCs in nanometer resolution I developed a novel approach combining in vivo labeling of VDCCs via genetically-encoded extracellular epitope tags and electron microscopy (EM). I engineered a GFP/split-GFP tag fused at the extracellular N-terminal of UNC-36, the only C. elegans VDCC α2δ subunit associating with both neuronal (UNC-2) and muscular (EGL-19) VDCC pore-forming α1 subunit. I then used quantum dot (QD) conjugated antibodies as both fluorescent and electron dense probes to localize VDCCs at C. elegans neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by in vivo QD-antibodies labeling and EM. In parallel, I applied in vivo complementation activated light microscopy to study VDCC dynamics in live worms. I discovered that VDCCs diffuse within nanodomains at sarcomeric membrane and their nanoscale diffusion behavior is modulated in response to muscle tension. In addition, we found that dystrophin participates in electro-mechanical coupling at the sarcolemma by modulating the confinement size of VDCCs. Meanwhile, we discovered lateral mobility of N-type VDCC at NMJs, and that RIM/UNC-10 seems involved in regulation of VDCC dynamics via its interaction with VDCC and SVs.

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Important receptor for sensing painful stimuli is ion channel TRPA1, which is expressed in peripheral endings of nociceptive neurons, where it serves as transducer of physical and chemical environmental signals to the language of the nervous system. The effort to understand the mechanisms of its activity on a molecular level is driven by the vision of progress in treatment of chronic pain in humans. Our work focused on C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of TRPA1 receptor, where we described i.a. the probable binding site for calcium, which is the most important TRPA1 modulator. Using the combination of homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulations with electrophysiological measurements we were able to explain molecular basis of familial pain syndrome caused by TRPA1 point mutation. We contributed to the understanding of the TRPA1 voltage-dependent activation mechanism by describing the amino acids in proximal C-terminus and in S4-S5 linker of transmembrane domain that are directly involved in voltage-dependent gating. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)