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Couches minces de ferrites spinelles à propriétés semiconductrices destinées à la réalisation de microbolomètresCapdeville, Stéphanie 04 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Les conditions d'élaboration de couches minces de ferrites riches en zinc ont été étudiées en vue de leur intégration comme matériau thermomètre dans des microbolomètres. La pulvérisation cathodique radiofréquence s'est avérée assimilable à un traitement à haute température sous faible pression d'oxygène. La modification judicieuse des conditions de dépôt a permis de limiter les phénomènes de réduction, évitant ainsi la formation de l'oxyde mixte fer-zinc de type wustite. Toutefois, les ferrites obtenus sont déficitaires en oxygène et présentent une température de Curie anormalement élevée. L'évolution de la porosité des films a été établie en fonction des paramètres de dépôt utilisés. Des mesures d'impédance complexe ont révélé que les zones intergranulaires gouvernaient la conduction; leur résistivité augmentant avec la porosité des couches minces. Des recuits sous air et des changements de l'ordre magnétique ont également permis de modifier les propriétés électriques des films.
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Quantitative equilibrium calculations on systems with relevance to copper smelting and convertingBjörkman, Bo January 1984 (has links)
The present thesis gives a summary of results obtained through theoretical and experimental studies of systems with relevance to copper smelting and converting. Many chemical elements are involved in the copper production processes and a detailed experimental study would be very time- consuming and expensive. A complicating fact is also the corrosivity of the liquid phases towards container material. A powerful alternative is equilibrium calculations, in which models for the liquid phases as well as reliable basic thermodynamic data are needed. In the present thesis, a generalized structure based model for liquid silicates was developed and used in assessments of the systems PbO-SiO2, Fe-O-SiO2, CuO0.5-SÌO2 and Cu-Fe-O-SiO2. In the model, the non-ideal silicate melt is treated as an ideal solution but containing a few complexes. The PbO-Si02 melt could be described by introducing the complexes Pb3Si207, Pb4Si4010 and Pb13Si12O37 in addition to the components PbO and Pb2Si04. The species considered in the Fe-O-SiO2 melt were FeO, FeO1.5, Fe2Si04, Fe3Si207, Fe3Si6O15 and in the CUO0.5-SiO2 melt CuO0.5 ana CU4SiO4. Trie calculated phase diagrams, the activities of metal oxides and the oxygen partial pressures were all in good agreement with the published data. Two of the papers in this thesis concern the determination of Gibbs free energies for Cu2S(s,l) and Ca2Fe2O5(s) through emf measurements utilizing a solid electrolyte. Activities and terminal solubilities in the solid solution [Fet,Ca]0 were also determined. The results obtained from the quantitative equilibrium calculations for conventional copper smelting and converting were used to outline the overall reactions taking place and the outcome of changes in process parameters. Comparison with observed values, however, showed that the copper and magnetite contents in slag were calculated too low. These discrepancies could be completely explained by using a non-equilibrium approach in which the converter was assumed to consist of several segments with concentration gradients between the segments. / digitalisering@umu.se
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