This thesis considers the narratives of eight M ori chook keepers from the Waikato rohe, Aotearoa. The Waikato rohe has been selected due to its significant history of M ori horticultural and agricultural practises, including chook keeping. I build on the growing corpus of m tauranga about indigenous studies. Using a postcolonial, feminist and Kaupapa M ori theoretical framework, I undertook five semi-structured interviews and one focus r p with M ori kaum tua. This thesis does not attempt to represent all M ori. There may be considerable difference between wh nau, hap and iwi practices. However, the rangahau provides insights into the views of eight individuals and their experiences with chooks. I have also utilised Country Calendar (1970; 1977a; 1977b and 1980) episodes and children's pukapuka such as Nanny Mihi's Garden (Drewery 2002) for the purposes of discourse analysis. By listening to these stories, kaupapa including race, class and ethnicity emerge that affect the participants' everyday lives as chook keepers. The participants view chooks in a variety of ways. First, as a means of food production. By integrating chooks into their communities, the participants are able to provide a nutritious and low-cost kai source for themselves and their wh nau. This attempts to at least in part address their poverty problems. Second, as a hybridised P keh and M ori kararehe. Third, as hysterical, comical, silly and helpless. I explore these issues within the broader context of colonial, neocolonial and anticolonial practices.

The following report gives an overview of my internship completed with HEB Construction Limited on the tender for Tamahere to Cambridge section of the Waikato Expressway. The focus of the internship was on quantity surveying and the process of tendering. An emphasis was also put on investigating and understanding aspects of tendering related to the New Zealand Transport Authority. After analysing the work completed during the internship, the main finding was that efficiency during the early stages of quantity surveying can be increased. In the future, this will be achieved through replacing scale rulers with computer software which simplify many of the time consuming processes currently used to capture the information on design drawings.

Coal seams in the Waikato Coal Measures can vary significantly in thickness over distances of hundreds of meters to kilometers. Previously, the primary depositional controls on these variations have been inferred to be syn-depositional normal faulting and pre-depositional paleotopography. The data presented in support of these models are typically equivocal and which, if any, of these processes provide the principal control on the geometry and spatial distribution of coal seams in the Waikato Coal Region is uncertain. This study utilizes a large database of drill-logs, seismic-reflection lines and mine exposures in four areas (Huntly, Maramarua, North HuntlylWaikare and Rotowaro Coalfields) to test whether syn-depositional faulting and/or paleotopography influence coal seam architecture. These data were used to construct cross sections across faults and basement topography, which in turn, offer information on the relative timing of faulting and coal measure deposition, together with information on the spatial relations between seam thicknesses, faulting and paleotopography. Cross sections and isopach maps together with examination of spatial and temporal variations in fault displacements reveal that syn-depositional normal faulting had little or no impact on the deposition of the Waikato Coal Measures. Only in the Maramarua study area was any evidence found of fault control on coal measure deposition, with the Landing Fault accruing displacement between deposition of the Kupalrupa Seam and the end of coal measure sedimentation. The vast majority of faults in the Waikato Coalfield were, however, active following coal measure deposition. For example, the Foote, Kimihia and Pukekapia faults show evidence of displacement accrual, which commenced during deposition of the Mangakotuku Formation (37-35 Ma BP). The duration of this episode of faulting is difficult to determine, but may have ceased about 30 Ma ago. In addition, a number of faults (e.g. Foote Fault) display evidence oflate stage extension during the last 5 Ma. Given the lack of stratigraphic evidence for fault displacements during deposition of coal measures, it is suggested that the Mangakotuku and Waipuna basement scarps are erosional rather than tectonic features. Cross sections, together with structure contour and isopach maps in each of the four study areas examined, indicate that basement topography was the dominant control on the spatially variable accumulation of peat. These data show coal seams both thinning into, and away from, topographic lows. To account for this observation a model is proposed, in which peat accumulation is controlled by basement relief and sediment supply to parts of the depositional system. In the model it is postulated that the Waikato Coal Measures depositional system was a continuum between two end members. In one end member, with a high sediment supply, sediment is channeled into the lowest topographic areas and peat accumulates mainly on topographic highs. In the other end member, with little or no sediment supply, peat accumulates to its greatest thickness in areas of relatively low topography, in addition to on basement ridges. In the Rotowaro and North Huntly/Waikare study areas, the thickest peat developed on basement highs and the lows acted as a conduit for sedimentation. On basement highs, peat mires were largely sheltered from clastic sediment influx. In the Huntly East and Maramarua study areas, the thickest peat accumulated in basement lows, with comparable clastic sedimentation in highs and lows. The proposed model has application to other coalfields where peat accumulated on an undulating topographic surface and sediment supply was channelised. Prediction of coal seam thickness, as well as lithological types, is crucial in coal exploration and development. The methodology developed and employed in this study can be applied to other basins to access and model coal and clastic sediment distribution.

Raupatu (conquest of land) has been and still is a threat to the sovereignty and self-management of the Maori people. For the people of Waikato, raupatu has had such a significant impact that it has become a part of the people's identity. The New Zealand Land Wars of the 1860s signalled the beginning of the troubles for Waikato that would plague them for generations. Many Waikato people died for the land that had once nourished them, which was 'stolen' by the Crown and its colonial forces under the guise of 'confiscation' by way of the New Zealand Settlement Act 1863. This thesis examines raupatu in relation to the Waikato people, and the effects raupatu has had on them. This thesis also illustrates the connection between the Waikato people and whenua tupu (ancestral lands) through countless generations of people who committed their lives to the struggle to have their lands returned as proclaimed in the decree 'i haere whenua atu, me hoki whenua mai.' This decree is examined in relationship to the Deed of Settlement 1995 whereby the Crown addressed the grievances of the Waikato people and some hope was once again instilled within the people.

Coal seams in the Waikato Coal Measures can vary significantly in thickness over distances of hundreds of meters to kilometers. Previously, the primary depositional controls on these variations have been inferred to be syn-depositional normal faulting and pre-depositional paleotopography. The data presented in support of these models are typically equivocal and which, if any, of these processes provide the principal control on the geometry and spatial distribution of coal seams in the Waikato Coal Region is uncertain. This study utilizes a large database of drill-logs, seismic-reflection lines and mine exposures in four areas (Huntly, Maramarua, North HuntlylWaikare and Rotowaro Coalfields) to test whether syn-depositional faulting and/or paleotopography influence coal seam architecture. These data were used to construct cross sections across faults and basement topography, which in turn, offer information on the relative timing of faulting and coal measure deposition, together with information on the spatial relations between seam thicknesses, faulting and paleotopography. Cross sections and isopach maps together with examination of spatial and temporal variations in fault displacements reveal that syn-depositional normal faulting had little or no impact on the deposition of the Waikato Coal Measures. Only in the Maramarua study area was any evidence found of fault control on coal measure deposition, with the Landing Fault accruing displacement between deposition of the Kupalrupa Seam and the end of coal measure sedimentation. The vast majority of faults in the Waikato Coalfield were, however, active following coal measure deposition. For example, the Foote, Kimihia and Pukekapia faults show evidence of displacement accrual, which commenced during deposition of the Mangakotuku Formation (37-35 Ma BP). The duration of this episode of faulting is difficult to determine, but may have ceased about 30 Ma ago. In addition, a number of faults (e.g. Foote Fault) display evidence oflate stage extension during the last 5 Ma. Given the lack of stratigraphic evidence for fault displacements during deposition of coal measures, it is suggested that the Mangakotuku and Waipuna basement scarps are erosional rather than tectonic features. Cross sections, together with structure contour and isopach maps in each of the four study areas examined, indicate that basement topography was the dominant control on the spatially variable accumulation of peat. These data show coal seams both thinning into, and away from, topographic lows. To account for this observation a model is proposed, in which peat accumulation is controlled by basement relief and sediment supply to parts of the depositional system. In the model it is postulated that the Waikato Coal Measures depositional system was a continuum between two end members. In one end member, with a high sediment supply, sediment is channeled into the lowest topographic areas and peat accumulates mainly on topographic highs. In the other end member, with little or no sediment supply, peat accumulates to its greatest thickness in areas of relatively low topography, in addition to on basement ridges. In the Rotowaro and North Huntly/Waikare study areas, the thickest peat developed on basement highs and the lows acted as a conduit for sedimentation. On basement highs, peat mires were largely sheltered from clastic sediment influx. In the Huntly East and Maramarua study areas, the thickest peat accumulated in basement lows, with comparable clastic sedimentation in highs and lows. The proposed model has application to other coalfields where peat accumulated on an undulating topographic surface and sediment supply was channelised. Prediction of coal seam thickness, as well as lithological types, is crucial in coal exploration and development. The methodology developed and employed in this study can be applied to other basins to access and model coal and clastic sediment distribution.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Waikato, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-[138]) Also available via the World Wide Web.

Σκοπός αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι να ερευνηθούν μέθοδοι μηχανικής μάθησης για την ταξινόμηση διαφόρων τύπων καρκινικών όγκων εγκεφάλου με χρήση δεδομένων μαγνητικής τομογραφίας. Η διάγνωση του τύπου του καρκίνου είναι σημαντική για τον κατάλληλο σχεδιασμό της θεραπείας. Γενικά η ταξινόμηση καρκινικών όγκων αποτελείται από επιμέρους βήματα, όπως καθορισμός των περιοχών ενδιαφέροντος (ROIs), εξαγωγή χαρακτηριστικών, επιλογή χαρακτηριστικών, ταξινόμηση. Η εργασία αυτή εστιάζει στα δύο τελευταία βήματα ώστε να εξαχθεί μια γενική επισκόπηση της επίδρασης των εκάστοτε μεθόδων όσον αφορά την ταξινόμηση των διαφόρων όγκων. Τα εξαγόμενα χαρακτηριστικά περιλαμβάνουν χαρακτηριστικά φωτεινότητας και περιγράμματος από συμβατικές τεχνικές απεικόνισης μαγνητικής τομογραφίας (Τ2, Τ1 με έγχυση σκιαγραφικού, Flair,Τ1) καθώς και μη συμβατικές τεχνικές (Μαγνητική τομογραφία αιματικής διήθησης ). Για την επιλογή των χαρακτηριστικών χρησιμοποιήθηκαν διάφορες μέθοδοι φιλτραρίσματος, όπως CFSsubset, wrapper, consistency σε συνδυασμό με μεθόδους αναζήτησης, όπως scatter, best first, greedy stepwise, με τη βοήθεια του πακέτου Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). Οι μέθοδοι εφαρμόστηκαν σε 101 ασθενείς με καρκινικούς όγκους εγκεφάλου οι οποίοι είχαν διαγνωστεί ως μετάσταση (24), μηνιγγίωμα (4), γλοίωμα βαθμού 2 (22), γλοίωμα βαθμού 3 (17) ή γλοίωμα βαθμού 4 (34) και επαληθεύτηκαν με τη στρατηγική του αχρησιμοποίητου παραδείγματος (Leave One Out-LOO) / The objective of this study is to investigate the use of pattern classification methods for distinguishing different types of brain tumors, such as primary gliomas from metastases, and also for grading of gliomas. A computer-assisted classification method combining conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perfusion MRI is developed and used for differential diagnosis. The characterization and accurate determination of brain tumor grade and type is very important because it influences and specifies patient's treatment planning. The proposed scheme consists of several steps including ROI definition, feature extraction, feature selection and classification. The extracted features include tumor shape and intensity characteristics. Features subset selection is performed using two filtering methods, correlation-based feature selection method and consistency method, and a wrapper approach in combination with three different search algorithms (best first, greedy stepwise and scatter). These methods are implemented using the assistance of the WEKA software [20]. The highest binary classification accuracy assessed by leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation on 102 brain tumors, is 94.1% for discrimination of metastases from gliomas, and 91.3% for discrimination of high grade from low grade neoplasms. Multi-class classification is also performed and 76.29% accuracy achieved.