Hamburg, University, Diss., 2000.

Department of History. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 307 - 337).

No description available.

In May 1981, at the South Wales Area NUM annual conference, Area president Emlyn Williams addressed the delegates and told them that the south Wales miners 'are associated in people's minds with resistance and struggles ... There is no doubt in my mind that miners have an historical mission to lead in class struggles'.1 This statement expressed the conscious self-image of the South Wales Area and was also a reaffirmation of an important historical trend. During the twentieth century the miners were generally considered to be amongst the most militant sections of the British labour movement, with South Wales very much in the forefront of this. This thesis examines both how and why the south Wales miners held this prominent 'vanguard' role. My research explores the history of the south Wales miners between 1964 and 1985, examining the interrelationship of coal, community and politics through the prism of their Union. The period covers the concerted run-down of the coal industry under the Wilson government, the growth of miners' resistance and the brief prospect of a secure future for them, through to eventual NUM defeat in 1985. In this socio- political history, the emphasis is on the dynamics of the relations between colliery lodges, the South Wales Area and the national NUM, the response of the Area to industrial and political developments, and also the impact of this upon its relationship with the wider labour movement. In many respects however, labour history is not currently 'fashionable'. The decline of the densely-unionised heavy industries, together with the global hegemony of neo-liberalism, has led many to believe that this subject is no longer relevant - even though the working class has not disappeared just because more people in Britain now work in call centres and supermarkets than in collieries or steelworks. Nevertheless, as Mcllroy and Campbell point out, '[t]he [current] debility of labour studies ... have to be related to the defeats and the consequent sense of demoralisation the labour movement has suffered from, as well as state policies and academic responses to them'.

Mae'r astudiaeth hon yn dadansoddi a dehongli hanes sefydlu Sianel Pedwar Cymru (S4C) fel sianel newydd yn nhirlun darlledu Cymru gan drafod, mewn manylder, gyfnod prawf y sianel rhwng 1981-1985. Mae'r astudiaeth yn archwilio paham yr oedd dirfawr angen sianel ar wahan ar gyfer rhaglenni teledu Cymraeg ac yn trafod sut aeth trigolion Cymru ati i'w hennill trwy ddulliau cyfansoddiadol ac anghyfansoddiadol. Prif ffocws y traethawd yw dadansoddi'r hyn a gafwyd yn dilyn yr ymgyrch hirhoedlog i sefydlu S4C, gan holi a sefydlwyd sianel a feddai ar y rhinweddau a ddeisyfwyd gan yr ymgyrchwyr. Mae'r astudiaeth yn ystyried y sialensiau a wynebwyd gan yr Awdurdod newydd, a chan swyddogion a staff y sianel wrth iddynt gynllunio a chyflwyno gwasanaeth teledu Cymraeg cynhwysfawr, y polisi'au a ffurfiwyd ganddynt a'r cydberthynasau a saemiwyd gyda'r BBC, HTV, Channel 4 a'r cynhyrchwyr annibynnol. Mae'r traethawd hefyd yn pwyso a mesur ymateb y gynulleidfa i'r gwasanaeth a'r rhaglenni ac yn ystyried sut yr aeth y Swyddfa Gartref ati i adolygu'r sianel ar ddiwedd ei chyfnod prawf ym 1985. Trwy gyfrwng ddadansoddiad manwl o gofnodion y sefydliadau darlledu ym Mhrydain, erthyglau o'r wasg a chyfweliadau gyda nifer o'r unigolion fu'n allweddol i fenter S4C, darlunnir sut y llwyddodd y sianel i newid tirlun darlledu Cymru yn llwyr. Bu'r partneriaethau unigryw a ffurfiwyd rhwng y sianel a'i chynhyrchwyr annibynnol a'r darlledwyr eraill yn fodd o gyflwyno bwrlwm newydd i'r diwydiant darlledu a'r arlwy cyfrwng Cymraeg, bywiogrwydd a fu'n allweddol i Iwyddiant y sianel gyda'i chynulleidfa yn ystod y cyfnod prawf Amlinellir hefyd sut y llwyddodd swyddogion y sianel weithredu strategaeth a wreiddiodd y sianel yn ddwfn yn ffyniant economaidd Cymru gan ei gwneud yn anodd os nad yn amhosibl ei diddymu wedi tair blynedd o arbrawf.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.