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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Case study review of advanced water metering applications in South Africa

Ngabirano, Lillian January 2017 (has links)
Advanced water metering is part of a much larger movement towards smart networks and intelligent infrastructure. However, where advanced metering technology is focused more towards the need to obtain meter readings without human intervention in other parts of the world, in South Africa and other developing countries, advanced water metering (in the form of prepaid meters or water management devices) has been developing along a parallel path, driven by the need to provide services to previously unserved communities and deal with the problems caused by rapid urbanisation. In this report, conventional water metering is defined as systems using water meters that display their readings on the meters themselves and advanced water metering as systems that add additional components or functionality to a metering system. Advanced metering has the potential to provide substantial benefits if appropriately applied. However, compared with conventional metering, these systems are considerably more expensive and complicated, and often rely on technology that is still being developed. Advanced metering systems therefore carry a higher risk of failure, poor service delivery and financial losses unless the system is implemented with careful design and thorough planning. This report describes a number of case studies of the application of advanced metering in South Africa. The case studies were evaluated according to the evaluation framework described in Appendix A and their detailed evaluations are included in each relevant chapter. Evaluations were done in four areas: technical, environmental, social and economic. The technical evaluation is based on the systems complying with the relevant national metering standards and good metering practice, the environmental evaluations on battery disposal and water savings and the social evaluation on broad socio-economic indicators. It should be recognised that social issues are particularly complex and that no general evaluation framework can accurately predict whether an advanced metering system will be accepted by a particular community. The economic evaluations were based on reductions of the current system cost and not absolute values. Economic performance indicators included the effective surplus (income minus expenses over averaged over the meter service life) and capital repayment period. An overview of lessons learned and conclusions from the case studies are provided in Chapters 8 and 9 of the report.
2

Utility measurement requirements : SASOL 1 site as case study / Johannes Jacobus Vosser

Vosser, Johannes Jacobus January 2014 (has links)
Clean water has become a scarce and pricey commodity. Companies, governments and the public are realising more and more the importance of efficient and effective water use and the conservation of South Africa’s natural water resources. Governments are implementing conservation and usage laws while companies are trying to get as much use out of their water while staying within the law. This dissertation focusses on the potable water measuring and billing practices taking place on the SASOL 1 site. A field study, interviews and questionnaires were used to gather the relevant data which was subsequently compiled into a Stakeholder Requirement Statement. The latter is a description of the ideal system that would meet all the requirements for measuring potable water and billing customers on the SASOL 1 site. / MIng (Development and Management Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
3

Utility measurement requirements : SASOL 1 site as case study / Johannes Jacobus Vosser

Vosser, Johannes Jacobus January 2014 (has links)
Clean water has become a scarce and pricey commodity. Companies, governments and the public are realising more and more the importance of efficient and effective water use and the conservation of South Africa’s natural water resources. Governments are implementing conservation and usage laws while companies are trying to get as much use out of their water while staying within the law. This dissertation focusses on the potable water measuring and billing practices taking place on the SASOL 1 site. A field study, interviews and questionnaires were used to gather the relevant data which was subsequently compiled into a Stakeholder Requirement Statement. The latter is a description of the ideal system that would meet all the requirements for measuring potable water and billing customers on the SASOL 1 site. / MIng (Development and Management Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
4

Medição avançada de água e gás combustível em edifícios residencias : diretrizes para implementação no contexto brasileiro / Water and gas advanced meteringat brazilian buildings : directives for implementing at the brazilian context

Monteiro, Jorge Venancio de Freitas, 1953- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Oliveira Ilha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T02:34:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_JorgeVenanciodeFreitas_D.pdf: 6374294 bytes, checksum: 2762eef420b569fb0b3cbd56d31652d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A medição avançada de água e de gás combustível se constitui ainda em um desafio no Brasil, principalmente porque as empresas que a utilizam para a individualização de consumos surgiram quase que exclusivamente por iniciativa própria, na maioria dos casos por uma demanda das construtoras ou condomínios. Assim, trata-se de um mercado sem a devida regulamentação e normalização, com as decorrentes dificuldades de implementação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o contexto da medição avançada no país, identificando os principais fatores limitantes e facilitadores e, a partir disso, propor diretrizes para a sua implementação eficiente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa em que, a partir da revisão da literatura e de uma pesquisa documental foram selecionadas inovações ligadas à medição avançada existentes em outros países, as quais serviram de base para a elaboração de entrevistas semipadronizadas realizadas com profissionais atuantes em concessionárias e em empresas operadoras de sistemas de medição. Entre as inovações avaliadas para um maior fomento da medição avançada, merecem destaque a criação do agente provedor e do agente de inspeção dos serviços de medição, pelas suas características de relativa facilidade de implantação em curto prazo no cenário delineado pelos coadjuvantes deste mercado, bem como de potencialidade de sanar problemas existentes / Abstract: The use of advanced metering in gas and water metering consumption is an ongoing challenge in Brazil, due to the fact that the players that deal with this activity have appeared in an unplanned manner, in most cases in response to demand from construction companies or condominiums. Its implementation is difficult since the market is not regulated or standardized. The purpose of this work is to describe the advance metering context in Brazil, to identify its limiting and facilitator factors, and, propose strategies for its introduction in an efficient manner. A qualitative research was carried out, and taking into consideration literature and documentation review, modern practices related to advanced metering from other countries were selected. To assess the feasibility of each strategy, semi-structured interviews were conducted at experts from utility companies and companies involved in the implementation of remote and individual metering systems. Among these strategies, the establishment of a metering service provider and the development of a metering systems inspection agent were highlighted due to the fact that they entail relatively simple actions that may be accomplished by local players involved directly in metering activities, as well as its potential to solve existing problems / Doutorado / Arquitetura e Construção / Doutor em Engenharia Civil
5

The impact of domestic water user cultures on water efficiency interventions in the South East of England : lessons for water demand management

Knamiller, C. January 2011 (has links)
The need for a more sustainable approach to water consumption has increasingly gained attention in the last decade. The domestic sector accounts for over half of abstracted water in the UK and, as such, has become a major target for water efficiency interventions. Current research and water efficiency interventions are dominated by a positivist approach, focusing on a limited range of factors that can be quantitatively measured. This thesis questions the dominant approach and argues that a more holistic overview of water efficiency can be achieved through the consideration of socio-technical and behavioural theories. Taking a more constructivist approach, this research draws on four theories from socio-technical and behavioural fields and combines them to create a framework for the analysis of water efficiency interventions. The framework is applied to two case studies, exploring water users' perceptions of water, water supply, personal water use, and their responses to the water efficiency interventions. The case studies were selected to provide examples of current mainstream approaches to water demand management. Research methods used included semi-structured interviews and observation. The research findings support the argument that the current dominant approach to domestic water efficiency interventions is limited and, in some cases, ineffectual. Issues of trust, knowledge, motivation and the relationships between water users and water companies were raised. The thesis concludes that the use of a constructivist perspective could help to provide a more effective approach to understanding and improving water demand management.
6

Aplicação da submedição de agua em edificações residenciais unifamiliares : o caso das unidades de interesse social localizadas em Campinas / Water under measurement evaluation at one-family residential buildings : a case of low income units located in Campinas, Brazil.

Pereira, Leonel Gomes 29 August 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Marina Sangoi de Olliveira Ilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T14:03:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LeonelGomes_M.pdf: 7027612 bytes, checksum: 4fd22a33aac88678d2f5bbf42921c334 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Estima-se que atualmente no Brasil cerca de 8 a 23% do volume de água potável produzido seja perdido em função da submedição causada principalmente pelo superdimensionamento dos medidores, ou por algum fator externo ao mesmo. Em sistemas de abastecimento indireto, é comum a ocorrência de baixas vazões, devido ao tipo de componente de controle empregado, ou seja, válvulas de bóia convencionais. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso desenvolvido com o objetivo de determinar o volume não contabilizado (perdas) por submedição, identificar suas causas e obter, assim, subsídios necessários à proposição de medidas que conduzam à otimização da medição de água. Contempla duas etapas: uma investigação em campo e uma investigação laboratorial. A coleta de dados em campo foi efetuada através da instalação de medidores volumétricos em série com os medidores das edificações selecionadas e aferição dos medidores em faixas de vazão determinadas. A investigação laboratorial foi efetuada para a verificação do comportamento de torneiras de bóia convencional e de alta vazão frente a uma mesma situação de abastecimento, avaliando-se a ocorrência da submedição. O estudo permitiu verificar o volume de água não contabilizado pelo hidrômetro, o conhecimento do comportamento das vazões no setor abordado, a determinação do indicador de consumo, a avaliação dos medidores instalados quanto à precisão da medição, a identificação das perdas nos hidrômetros por submedição, além da verificação do comportamento das torneiras de bóia / Abstract: Water consumption under measurement can represents about 8 to 23% of the produced water in Brazil. It can be caused by oversized meters or others external cause. Low flows are common in cold water systems with a reservoir controlled by conventional ball cock faucets. This work presents a study case developed in 22 low-income houses located in Campinas, Sao Paulo that aims to determine the water consumption under measured, to identify its causes and to formulate actions to reduce this problem. Its also contemplates a laboratory investigation to analyze the performance of conventional and ultra high flow ball cock faucets in the same situation of supplying. The results of the study can indicate some methods reduce the under measurement of water like the use of water meters with different range of accuracy combined with two types of ball cock faucets. Besides that, it could be checked the water volume lost by the actual model used, flow behavior of the population studied, a consumption index , the evaluation of the water meters installed in that region considering the measurement accuracy / Mestrado / Edificações / Mestre em Engenharia Civil
7

The impact of domestic water user cultures on water efficiency interventions in the South East of England: Lessons for water demand management.

Knamiller, C. January 2011 (has links)
The need for a more sustainable approach to water consumption has increasingly gained attention in the last decade. The domestic sector accounts for over half of abstracted water in the UK and, as such, has become a major target for water efficiency interventions. Current research and water efficiency interventions are dominated by a positivist approach, focusing on a limited range of factors that can be quantitatively measured. This thesis questions the dominant approach and argues that a more holistic overview of water efficiency can be achieved through the consideration of socio-technical and behavioural theories. Taking a more constructivist approach, this research draws on four theories from socio-technical and behavioural fields and combines them to create a framework for the analysis of water efficiency interventions. The framework is applied to two case studies, exploring water users¿ perceptions of water, water supply, personal water use, and their responses to the water efficiency interventions. The case studies were selected to provide examples of current mainstream approaches to water demand management. Research methods used included semi-structured interviews and observation. The research findings support the argument that the current dominant approach to domestic water efficiency interventions is limited and, in some cases, ineffectual. Issues of trust, knowledge, motivation and the relationships between water users and water companies were raised. The thesis concludes that the use of a constructivist perspective could help to provide a more effective approach to understanding and improving water demand management.
8

Avaliação do sistema de medição individualizada de água em prédios populares situados na cidade do Salvador-Bahia

Silva, Sérgio Ricardo dos Santos January 2010 (has links)
168f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-09T17:35:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Sergio Ricardo.pdf: 2836987 bytes, checksum: 43815c6755b861d585a7bab20e42a98d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T17:35:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Sergio Ricardo.pdf: 2836987 bytes, checksum: 43815c6755b861d585a7bab20e42a98d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T17:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Sergio Ricardo.pdf: 2836987 bytes, checksum: 43815c6755b861d585a7bab20e42a98d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O presente trabalho tem como seu principal objetivo avaliar os resultados alcançados com a implantação do sistema de medição individualizada de água em prédios populares abastecidos pela Empresa Baiana de Águas e Saneamento e que anteriormente possuíam medição coletiva.Quinze prédios situados na cidade do Salvador, Estado da Bahia, fizeram parte deste estudo.O método usado para a análise envolveu três aspectos: primeiro, a avaliação do padrão de consumo de água após implantação do sistema de hidrometração individualizada. A partir dos registros de consumos obtidos no Sistema Comercial da Embasa com o histórico de consumos referentes aos 24 meses que imediatamente antecederam à individualização da medição de água e aos 24 meses que a sucederam, o estudo constatou que o Indicador de Consumo Mensal no período com medição coletiva era equivalente a 18m3 por apartamento e passou para a média de 14m3 por apartamento após a hidrometração individualizada. O segundo aspecto foi a avaliação econômica da concepção de projeto adotada pelos prédios populares de Salvador, baseada em dois fatores: o custo necessário para execução da obra de adaptação hidráulica e a expectativa de ganho financeiro nas contas de água e esgoto decorrente da redução do consumo médio de água após utilização dessa nova forma de medição. O resultado mostrou que existe viabilidade financeira para essa tipologia de edificação considerando que o tempo de retorno do investimento foi inferior a três anos e a rentabilidade a partir desse período foi superior a da caderneta de poupança. O terceiro aspecto foi a avaliação da percepção do usuário sobre esse sistema de medição a partir de informações colhidas através de uma pesquisa de opinião realizada com 32 moradores dos quinze prédios, nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2009, por meio de visitas no local. O estudo também fez uma comparação dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa de opinião como os resultados de outra feita anteriormente em prédios populares com medição individualizada situados em bairros do subúrbio da cidade.Este estudo verificou que com a mudança do critério de medição, considerando-se os dois anos com medição coletiva e o mesmo período com medição individualizada, houve um impacto de redução de 22% no consumo dos apartamentos dos prédios estudados, para um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. A pesquisa de opinião realizada constatou um alto nível de aceitação dos condôminos ao novo sistema de medição, que alcançou 95,2%. / Salvador
9

Determinação de parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento para setor de distribuição de água da cidade de Piracicaba, SP / Determination of parameters of the pressure-leakage model for a water supply network of Piracicaba city, SP

Manzi, Daniel 30 April 2004 (has links)
A redução das perdas em sistemas de distribuição de água tem se tornado, além de uma questão ética, um determinante da eficiência e mesmo da sobrevivência das concessionárias destes serviços. A quantificação e determinação da natureza das vazões perdidas, que possuem relação íntima com as pressões de operação, são aspectos que ainda merecem análises mais profundas e práticas. Os parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento permitem o detalhamento das perdas físicas e foram obtidos por meio de calibrações para um setor de distribuição de água da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, em padrões hidráulicos distintos - sob hipótese de consumo noturno nulo (vazão mínima noturna), descargas de rede, patamares de pressão e sob consumo diurno dirigido pela pressão através de curvas encontradas na literatura e propostas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os valores dos parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento não são fixos, mas variam conforme o padrão hidráulico de operação da rede. Estudos acerca do parque de hidrômetros e seus desvios de indicação também foram realizados, em conjunto com uma análise das vazões típicas de abastecimento residencial, e apontaram para fortes erros de medição em razão do uso de reservatórios domiciliares. / Losses reduction on water supply networks came to be, beyond the ethical question, a condition for efficiency and even survival of enterprises which develop those services. Quantification and determination of the nature of leakage, which are closely related to operational pressure, are aspects which still claim for deeper and more practical analysis. Parameters to the pressure-leakage model allows to detail physical losses at one given system, and they were obtained throughout employment of distinct hydraulic patterns - minimal night flow (no usage), network flush situations, pressure levels and day usage driven by pressure from curves found on lectures and author\'s propositions - when proceeding calibration at a water supply section at the Piracicaba city, SP. Achieved results have shown that pressure-leakage model parameters values are not constant, but really change according to network\'s operational hydraulic pattern. Studies concerning section\'s water flow meters and its measuring deviation were also done, and joined to an analysis of typical patterns of home usage flows; they have pointed to huge metering errors because of employment of home reservoirs.
10

Determinação de parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento para setor de distribuição de água da cidade de Piracicaba, SP / Determination of parameters of the pressure-leakage model for a water supply network of Piracicaba city, SP

Daniel Manzi 30 April 2004 (has links)
A redução das perdas em sistemas de distribuição de água tem se tornado, além de uma questão ética, um determinante da eficiência e mesmo da sobrevivência das concessionárias destes serviços. A quantificação e determinação da natureza das vazões perdidas, que possuem relação íntima com as pressões de operação, são aspectos que ainda merecem análises mais profundas e práticas. Os parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento permitem o detalhamento das perdas físicas e foram obtidos por meio de calibrações para um setor de distribuição de água da cidade de Piracicaba, SP, em padrões hidráulicos distintos - sob hipótese de consumo noturno nulo (vazão mínima noturna), descargas de rede, patamares de pressão e sob consumo diurno dirigido pela pressão através de curvas encontradas na literatura e propostas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os valores dos parâmetros do modelo pressão-vazamento não são fixos, mas variam conforme o padrão hidráulico de operação da rede. Estudos acerca do parque de hidrômetros e seus desvios de indicação também foram realizados, em conjunto com uma análise das vazões típicas de abastecimento residencial, e apontaram para fortes erros de medição em razão do uso de reservatórios domiciliares. / Losses reduction on water supply networks came to be, beyond the ethical question, a condition for efficiency and even survival of enterprises which develop those services. Quantification and determination of the nature of leakage, which are closely related to operational pressure, are aspects which still claim for deeper and more practical analysis. Parameters to the pressure-leakage model allows to detail physical losses at one given system, and they were obtained throughout employment of distinct hydraulic patterns - minimal night flow (no usage), network flush situations, pressure levels and day usage driven by pressure from curves found on lectures and author\'s propositions - when proceeding calibration at a water supply section at the Piracicaba city, SP. Achieved results have shown that pressure-leakage model parameters values are not constant, but really change according to network\'s operational hydraulic pattern. Studies concerning section\'s water flow meters and its measuring deviation were also done, and joined to an analysis of typical patterns of home usage flows; they have pointed to huge metering errors because of employment of home reservoirs.

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