Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11861

Thesis (Ph. D. in Economics)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2007. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

The diploma thesis deals with groundwater issues. The village Jenín was chosen for the work. The work contains theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part explains the terms connected with groundwater and its sources. The parctical part describes the area of interest and there are listed the sources of groundwater that were found during the survey of the territory. Within the survey a short analysis of water was carried out for four groundwater sources. The conclusion of this work assesses the current status of groundwater resources and proposes measures. The work includes a list of sources that has been used, photohraphs of the area of interest and short water analysis.

Water systems in the Sultanate of Oman are inevitably exposed to varied threats and hazards due to both natural and man-made hazards. Natural disasters, especially tropical cyclone Gonu in 2007, cause immense damage to water supply systems in Oman. At the same time water loss from leaks is a major operational problem. This research developed an integrated approach to identify and rank the risks to the water sources, transmission pipelines and distribution networks in Oman and suggests appropriate mitigation measures. The system resilience was evaluated and an emergency response plan for the water supplies developed. The methodology involved mining the data held by the water supply utility for risk and resilience determination and operational data to support calculations of non-revenue water. Risk factors were identified, ranked and scored at a stakeholder workshop and the operational information required was principally gathered from interviews. Finally, an emergency response plan was developed by evaluating the risk and resilience factors. The risk analysis and assessment used a Coarse Risk Analysis (CRA) approach and risk scores were generated using a simple risk matrix based on WHO recommendations. The likelihoods and consequences of a wide range of hazardous events were identified through a key workshop and subsequent questionnaires. The thesis proposes a method of translating the detailed risk evaluations into resilience scores through a methodology used in transportation networks. A water audit indicated that the percentage of NRW in Oman is greater than 35% which is similar to other Gulf countries but high internationally. The principal strategy for managing NRW used in the research was the AWWA water audit method which includes free to use software and was found to be easy to apply in Oman. The research showed that risks to the main desalination processes can be controlled but the risk due to feed water quality might remain high even after implementing mitigation measures because the intake is close to an oil port with a significant risk of oil contamination and algal blooms. The most severe risks to transmission mains were found to be associated with pipe rather than pump failure. The systems in Oman were found to be moderately resilient, the resilience of desalination plants reasonably high but the transmission mains and pumping stations are very vulnerable. The integrated strategy developed in this study has a wide applicability, particularly in the Gulf area, which may have risks from exceptional events and will be experiencing NRW. Other developing countries may also experience such risks but with different magnitudes and the risk evaluation tables could provide a useful format for further work.

Orientadores: Bernardino Ribeiro de Figueiredo, Arnaldo Alves Cardoso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:13:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_PatriciaLopesde_D.pdf: 2941624 bytes, checksum: ce6f291eb7ceafda09c21f15d41abef1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O presente estudo foi realizado na cidade de Araraquara, a qual está inserida na região agroindustrial do Estado de São Paulo. Nesta região, a sazonalidade do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar exerce uma forte influência na química da atmosfera. A composição química das águas de chuva e do material particulado atmosférico grosso, fino e ultrafino foi investigada no período de agosto-setembro de 2009 (estação seca e período de safra) e no período de janeiro-março de 2010 (estação chuvosa e período de entressafra). Subsequentemente, a composição química do particulado total em suspensão (PTS) foi ainda investigada em amostras coletadas entre julho de 2010 e junho de 2011. As análises das partículas insolúveis das águas de chuva em MEV-EDS e do material particulado via DRX revelaram uma variedade de materiais incluindo matéria biogênica e carbonácea, resultantes de queimada, bem como minerais de argila, feldspato e óxidos que retratam a geologia local. No período do estudo, entre 46% e 65% do material particulado apresentava-se nas partículas menores que 1,9 ?m que é potencialmente a mais prejudicial à saúde humana, e que houve um aumento de 72% na concentração de MP10,2 no período de safra devido à intensificação das atividades agrícolas. Elevadas concentrações de Al, Fe, K, Ca e as fases minerais presentes em MPA indicaram que a ressuspensão de poeiras do solo, é a principal fonte de elementos traço no material particulado grosso. O material particulado fino concentrou mais de 50% do K, Zn, As, Cd, Sn e Pb. Já o material particulado ultrafino apresentou baixas concentrações de elementos como Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd e Sn. Com respeito à coleta de PTS, observou-se que o Ca e K representaram juntos 80% da concentração total de traços, o Mg e Fe apresentaram contribuição inferior a 10% cada um e Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Sr, Zn e Pb representaram juntos 2,2% da concentração total determinada. Confirmando observações dos demais estudos, o potássio, utilizado como traçador de queima de biomassa, apresentou concentração cerca de 6 vezes mais elevada no período de safra do que no período de entressafra. Os elementos Mn, Fe, Co e Sr também exibiram as maiores concentrações no período de safra. A partir dos resultados das análises químicas e mineralógicas das amostras atmosféricas, bem como da aplicação de ferramentas estatísticas aos dados químicos, foi possível sugerir que as atividades locais/regionais, como a queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar, ressuspensão de poeiras do solo e emissões veiculares são as principais fontes de emissão de elementos traço para a atmosfera na região de Araraquara / Abstract: This study was conducted in Araraquara city, located in an important agroindustrial region in São Paulo State. In that region, the seasonality of the sugar cane crops is responsible for a great influence on the chemical composition of the atmosphere. The rainwater compositions as well as the course, fine and ultrafine atmospheric particulate matter were investigated from August-September 2009 (dry and burning season) and from January-March 2010 (wet and non-burning season). Subsequently, the chemical composition of the total suspended particulate (TSP) was further studied in samples collected from July 2010 and June 2011. SEM-EDS and XRD analyses in the insoluble fraction of rainwater and particulate matter samples, respectively, revealed a number of different sort of materials such as biogenic matter and black carbon, mainly originated from sugar cane burning, as well as clay minerals, feldspars and oxides that portrait the local geology. It was possible to verify that between 46% and 65% of particulate matter consisted of particles smaller than 1.9 ?m, which are the most harmful particles to the human health and that there was an increase of 72% in MP10.2 concentration in the harvest period due to intensive agricultural activities. High concentrations of Al, Fe, K, Ca and the mineral composition in particulate matter suggested that dust re-suspension are the mainly sources of trace elements in coarse particles. Fine particles accumulated more than 50% of K, Zn, As, Cd, Sn and Pb, while ultrafine particles showed low content of elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Sn. In relation to TSP, Ca and K represented 80% of the total trace element concentration, Mg and Fe contributed with less than 10% each one, while Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Sr, Zn and Pb yielded only 2.2% of total concentration. In agreement with other previous researches, the concentration of potassium, taken as a biomass burning tracer, was about 6 times higher in harvest period than in non-harvest period. Mn, Fe, Co and Sr also exhibited the highest concentrations in harvest period. According to the chemical and mineralogical analyses, as well as the application of statistic tools to the chemical data, it is suggested that local and regional activities, such as sugar cane burning, dust re-suspension and vehicular emissions are the mainly sources of trace elements to the atmosphere in the region of Araraquara / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutora em Ciências

This study investigates the possibilities of applying water generated from the atmosphere for agricultural processes, particularly hydroponic systems. A solar powered, off-grid greenhouse system is proposed as a theoretical solution to food production, in areas affected by water scarcity. Two experiments are conducted with the purpose of testing atmospheric water quality and how it performs in a hydroponic setting. The plausibility of powering said greenhouse system using solar energy is investigated, considering several available solar technologies. Ultimately, the footprint area required to install enough capacity to power the system is discussed, and the potential site of such a system is modelled and visualized. The experiments concluded that atmospheric water is likely suitable for hydroponic use. The study also found that the footprint area required for the greenhouse system probably can be considered reasonable for certain applications, but more research and advances within solar power technology would be beneficial / <p>2021-06-08</p>

The thesis deals with the quality of water in general as well as from the perspective of water pollution, wastewater and its treatment within the context of electrotechnical production. The thesis is based on the laboratory task in the practical part, which has been included in the Ecology of Production class. The laboratory task tests the selected indicators of water quality using titration and rapid tests. The thesis is based on the wastewater operation of a company producing PCB.

Nach der Europäischen Wasserrahmenrichtlinie sollen Ende 2015 die Oberflächengewässer und das Grundwasser einen »guten Zustand« aufweisen. Der Bericht informiert zum Stand der Maßnahmen und ihrer Umsetzung in Sachsen für die Bereiche Landwirtschaft und Wasserwirtschaft. Er verdeutlicht, dass die Maßnahmenprogramme nur dann erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können, wenn zur Erreichung der Bewirtschaftungsziele auch alle relevanten Qualitätskomponenten in ihrem Zusammenwirken betrachtet werden.

Wastewaters from intensive agricultural activities contain high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus that contributes to water management problems. During the past few years, there has been considerable interest in the use of constructed wetlands for treating surface water runoff from farmyards. If the contaminated runoff is not treated, this wastewater along with other non-point sources of pollution can seriously contaminate the surface water and groundwater. Integrated Constructed Wetlands (ICWs) are a type of free water surface wetlands. They are engineered systems that are designed, constructed and operated successfully for treating farmyard runoff in the British Isles. However, the long-term treatment performance of these systems, the processes involved in contaminant removal and the impact on associated water bodies are not well-known. The aims of this project were to assess the performance of full-scale integrated constructed wetlands and understand nutrient removal in them. Performance evaluation of these systems through physical, chemical and microbiological parameters collected for more than 7 years showed good removal efficiencies compared to international literature. The monitored nutrient concentrations in groundwater and surface waters indicate that ICW systems did not pollute the receiving waters. The role of plants (Typha latifolia) and sediment in removing nutrients was also assessed. More nitrogen and phosphorus were stored in wetland soils and sediments than in plants. The results demonstrate that the soil component of a mature wetland system is an important and sustainable nutrient storage compartment. A novel molecular toolbox was used to characterise and compare microbial diversity responsible for nitrogen removal in sediment and litter components of ICW systems. Diverse populations of nitrogen removing bacteria were detected. The litter component of the wetland systems supported more diverse nitrogen removing bacteria than the sediments. Nitrogen removing bacteria in the wetland systems appeared to be stochastically assembled from the same source community. The self-organising map model was applied as a prediction tool for the performance of ICW and to investigate an alternative method of analysing water quality performance indicators. The model performed very well in predicting nutrients and biochemical oxygen demand with easy to measure and cost-effective water quality parameters. The results indicate that the model was an appropriate approach to monitor wastewater treatment processes and can be used to support management of ICW in real-time.