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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Estudo analítico e experimental dos fenômenos transitórios ocasionados por grandes bolsas de ar confinadas nos sistemas hidráulicos / Analitic and experimental study of the transitory phenomena generated by entrapped air pockets in the hydraulic systems

Carlos Augusto de Carvalho Magalhães 20 July 2001 (has links)
Uma das características dos transitórios hidráulicos é a presença de ar aprisionado durante a ocorrência do fenômeno. Se uma tabulação não estiver satisfatorimente projetada ou não for adequadamente cheia e purgada, grandes quantidades de ar poderão ficar aprisionadas. Caso esses bolsões se desloquem de um local para o outro, proporcionarão acelerações locais que resultam em altas velocidades e, subsequentemente, em altas pressões transitórias. As sobrepressões geradas podem ser de 2,2 vezes maiores que a pressão estática dos sistema, conforme verificou-se no estudo experimental. Dessa forma, há a necessidade do estabelecimento de metodologias de aplicação prática e segura (modelos rígido e elástico) que permitam estimar a magnitude das pressões transitórias, pois não há solução analítica para esse problema. No presente trabalho, apresentou-se uma adimensionalização do modelo elástico, com a incorporação de dois números adimensionais independentes (&#960 6 e &#960 7). No entanto, tais metodologias devem ser validas experimentalmente, haja visto que hipóteses simplificadoras de cálculo são necessárias para a modelagem matemática. O modelo rígido de coluna líquida variável (MCLV), além de fácil programação, é viável sem prejuízos nos resultados esperados . No estudo experimental foi também realizada uma análise de sensibilidade com relação aos fatores intervenientes no sistema hidráulico. / One of the reasons for the transient behavior is the presence of air confined during these alterations. When the pipes are not properly designed or if it is not completely full or air bleeding, large amounts of air may be confined in the system. Pockets of air can cause severe transient behavior if such pockets deslocate from one place to the other giving rise to local acceleration and consequently large velocities and pressures. The higher pressure may be of the order of 2,2 times the static pressure in the system, as it was confirmed by the experimental procedure. Thus, this paper considers pratical and safe procedure (rigid or elastic models) that permit calculation of transient pressures given that there is no analytical solution available. On the present study, it was presented a dimensionless form of the elastic model, with the incorporation of two aditional independent numbers (&#960 6 and &#960 7). Besides the easiness of programation, the rigid model of variable fluid column is viable without prejudice to the expected results. This study also conducts a sensitivity analysis on the various factors involved in the problem.
12

Modelagem Computacional de Ventosas AutomÃticas de Duplo Efeito com Abertura e Fechamento nÃo instantÃneos como Mecanismo de AlÃvio do Golpe de ArÃete. / Computational modeling of double effect automatic air valves, with non-instantaneous opening and closing as Waterhammer protection devices

Marcus VinÃcius Sousa Rodrigues 30 September 2008 (has links)
nÃo hà / Durante fenÃmenos transitÃrios podem ocorrer pressÃes muito baixas nos trechos mais elevados de uma tubulaÃÃo, correndo o acÃmulo de ar que à arrastado pela Ãgua ocasionando sÃrios danos à tubulaÃÃo. A presenÃa de uma grande quantidade de ar na tubulaÃÃo de um sistema de aduÃÃo de Ãgua por recalque à a causa direta de reduÃÃo da seÃÃo e como conseqÃÃncia tem-se a reduÃÃo da capacidade de transporte, comprometendo seriamente o rendimento deste sistema. Os dispositivos mais modernos para o alÃvio do golpe de arÃete trabalham com ar, dentre eles, os mais utilizados na prÃtica sÃo as ventosas automÃticas, foco deste trabalho. A condiÃÃo de contorno destas ventosas à bem complexa, resultando em uma equaÃÃo nÃo linear, alÃm do fato de a Ãrea do orifÃcio da ventosa variar linearmente com o tempo. Para resolver esta nÃo linearidade aplicou-se o mÃtodo da aproximaÃÃo parabÃlica nos intervalos onde ocorre escoamento do ar em regime subsÃnico. Neste trabalho foram feitas simulaÃÃes do transiente hidrÃulico para verificar a eficiÃncia das ventosas automÃticas de duplo efeito com abertura e fechamento nÃo instantÃneos como um mecanismo de alÃvio do golpe de arÃete. As simulaÃÃes foram feitas utilizando o software UFC6 produzido no LaboratÃrio de HidrÃulica Computacional (LAHC) da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. As vÃlvulas ventosas representam uma soluÃÃo hidrÃulica satisfatÃria, pois, sÃo equipamentos de fÃcil instalaÃÃo e manutenÃÃo, alÃm do fato de serem bem mais compensadores do ponto de vista econÃmico. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a eficiÃncia deste mecanismo como alÃvio do golpe de arÃete. / During time dependent phenomena in pipelines, very low pressures may occur, mostly in points of dow elevations. In these cases, air accumulated in these points is carried out by the water flow and may damage the pipeline. This also causes reduction of the flow area and consequently, reduction of the flow itself. The most modern Waterhammer protection devices and among them, we find the air entry valves, which is the object of this work. The boundary conditions for these devices is very complex and results in a non-linear equations. Besides, we have to consider that the air flow cross-section area of the valves orifice varies linearly with time. In order to solve this non-linearity it was used the method of parabolic approximation for solving the equation in each interval of subsonic air flow. In the present work, several Waterhammer pipeline simulations were performed in order to verify the performance of the double effect automatic air valves, with non-instantaneous closing. The UFC6 computer software were used to accomplish these simulations. Air valves are a satisfactory hydraulic solution for the Waterhammer problem since they are cheaper than other devices and easy to install and mountain.
13

Investigation Of Waterhammer Problems In The Penstocks Of Pumped-storage Power Plants

Dincer, Ali Ersin 01 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Waterhammer is an undesirable event, caused by sudden flow changes in a confined pipe system. When it occurs, its consequences can be very costly and even sometimes deadly. In general, it may be encountered in the penstocks of hydropower plants, water transmission lines, water networks, etc. Therefore, the operation guidelines of the hydropower plants should be defined correctly. In this thesis, waterhammer problems in pumped storage hydropower plants are investigated. Time dependent flow conditions in the penstocks are studied by the help of computer software, HAMMER. The software solves nonlinear differential equations by using method of characteristics. Firstly, hydraulic transients for various operational cases are investigated using some scenarios. Then a surge tank, protective device for waterhammer, is added to the system and for the same operational cases, hydraulic transients are studied again. Finally, the results obtained from the operation of the system with and without surge tank are compared. Wind-hydro hybrid systems are also included in the study.
14

Analysis of hydraulic pressure transients in the waterways of hydropower stations

Hillgren, Nicklas January 2011 (has links)
Hydropower plants have the ability to go from a full load to no load in just a few seconds. In order to go from full load to no load in a few seconds the flow is controlled by movement of guide vanes. At fault detection the guide vanes closes quickly for safety reasons. This causes hydraulic transients in the waterways, which leads to a pressure rise in the spiral case and a pressure drop in the draft tube.   There have been a few accidents related to these quick closures of the guide vanes where the runner blades break and entire power stations are damaged. These incidents are caused by a full column separation in the draft tube. An early sign of a full column separation is large cavities. The main objective of this degree project is to analyse the effects of a quick closure of the guide vanes and to make a guide book of how to find indications of large cavities when performing closure tests. Data taken from commissioning and status tests for several turbines were analysed.   In conclusion, the guide book of how to find indications of large cavities will help analyse the results of a quick closure of the guide vanes. Due to the unique appearance of pressure transients for each power station this guide book will not be enough for a complete analyse of a closing test. Although, it will help to notify when there is a need for further analyses by expert personnel.
15

Caracterização do escoamento de ar em adutoras e válvulas ventosas / Characterization of the air flow in pipelines and air valves

Aquino, Genivaldo Alcântara de 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: José Gilberto Dalfré Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T10:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aquino_GenivaldoAlcantarade_M.pdf: 13175596 bytes, checksum: 7fcf5fba9c6608250faca3ec3bc0b3a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presença de ar aprisionado no interior da tubulação de água pode levar a operação irregular ou, até mesmo, danos aos sistemas de abastecimento de água e seus componentes. A presença de ar aprisionado pode ocorrer durante o funcionamento regular, ou quando os sistemas de bombeamento estão em operação. A formação de bolsões de ar pode produzir o fenômeno do golpe de aríete, instabilidade e perda de pressão nas redes de abastecimento de água. A fim de evitar a sua formação, todo o ar preso deve ser removido, seja através de remoção mecânica por válvulas de ar ou remoção hidráulica (deslocamento do ar com o escoamento). No Brasil, as indústrias de válvulas de ar, muitas vezes, não possuem caracterização adequada destas válvulas, ou seja, as características das válvulas (geométrica, mecânica, hidráulica e dinâmica) devem ser determinadas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma bancada de testes para ensaios de válvulas ventosas e testar estas válvulas em ensaios dinâmicos, caracterizando-as. A bancada experimental mostrou-se eficiente para os ensaios de válvulas ventosas. Os resultados dos ensaios dinâmicos das válvulas podem contribuir para que um sistema hidráulico passe a operar de uma maneira segura, diminuindo os riscos associados aos eventuais fenômenos transitórios, além de servir como referência para futuros projetos de sistemas de abastecimento. Foi confirmado que, além das curvas características em condição estática, as curvas características em condição dinâmica também devem ser analisadas, pois apresentam características de funcionamento distinto / Abstract: The presence of trapped air inside the water pipelines can lead to irregular operation or even damage the water supply systems and their components. The presence of trapped air can occur during regular operation, or while pumping systems are in operation. The formation of air pockets can produce the phenomenon of water hammer, instability and loss of pressure in water supply systems. In order to prevent its formation, all the trapped air must be removed, either by mechanical removal through air valves or hydraulic removal (by displacement of the air flow). In Brazil, industries of air valves, many times, do not possess proper characterizations of the air valves. To achieve this, all the characteristics of the valve (geometric, mechanic, hydraulic and dynamic) should be determined. This study developed a test bench for testing the air valves, characterizing them. The bench was efficient for testing and the results of the dynamic tests can contribute to operate a hydraulic system in a safe manner, reducing the risks associated with possible transient phenomena, besides serving as a reference for future projects of water supply systems. It was confirmed that, in addition to the characteristic curves in static condition, the characteristic curves in dynamic condition must also be considered, since they show different operating characteristics / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil
16

Numerical Simulation of Transient Diabatic Pipe Flow by using the Method of Characteristics

Pasquini, Enrico, Baum, Heiko, van Bebber, David, Pendovski, Denis January 2016 (has links)
The following paper presents a one-dimensional numerical model for simulating transient thermohydraulic pipe flow based on the Method of Characteristics. In addition to mass and momentum conservation, the proposed scheme also guarantees compliance with the laws of thermodynamics by solving the energy equation. The model covers transient changes in fluid properties due to pressure changes, heat transfer and dissipation. The presented methodology also allows the computation of the transient temperature distribution in the pipe wall through an additional ordinary finite difference scheme. The numerical procedure is implemented in the commercial simulation software DSHplus. The capability of the code is examined by comparing the simulation results with theoretical solutions and experimental data.

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