Scientific data does not exist on the Web in the same way as the written word; reviews, media, wikis, social networks, and blogs all contribute to the interconnected nature of ordinary language on the Web. Network effects create additional value from seemingly minor contributions to the Web. But nothing such as this exists for scientific data. Simply put, within the Open Web Platform, we cannot currently turn and apply similar mechanisms for scientific work without great effort. Thus, the Web has not so far enabled Science as well as it has enabled dissemination and interconnection for the written word: to truly enable Science on the Web, we must endeavor to make data and its semantics first-class Web constituents. This thesis focuses on solving this problem by enabling scientific data to exist on the Web in such a way that it can be processed both as viewable content and consumed data. Starting from the principles on which the Web has so far thrived, we propose solutions to enable complex data exchanges while preserving the Web as it stands. We introduce the Partition Annotate Name (PAN) methodology, which relies upon embracing the core architectural principles of the Web: name things with URIs; process common data formats; use common rules under a shared contract between publisher, developer, and consumer.

Self presentation is evolving; with digital technologies, with the Web and personal publishing, and then with mainstream adoption of online social media. Where are we going next? One possibility is towards a world where we log and own vast amounts of data about ourselves. We choose to share - or not - the data as part of our identity, and in interactions with others; it contributes to our day-to-day personhood or sense of self. I imagine a world where the individual is empowered by their digital traces (not imprisoned), but this is a complex world. This thesis examines the many factors at play when we present ourselves through Web technologies. I optimistically look to a future where control over our digital identities are not in the hands of centralised actors, but our own, and both survey and contribute to the ongoing technical work which strives to make this a reality. Decentralisation changes things in unexpected ways. In the context of the bigger picture of our online selves, building on what we already know about self-presentation from decades of Social Science research, I examine what might change as we move towards decentralisation; how people could be affected, and what the possibilities are for a positive change. Finally I explore one possible way of self-presentation on a decentralised social Web through lightweight controls which allow an audience to set their expectations in order for the subject to meet them appropriately. I seek to acknowledge the multifaceted, complicated, messy, socially-shaped nature of the self in a way that makes sense to software developers. Technology may always fall short when dealing with humanness, but the framework outlined in this thesis can provide a foundation for more easily considering all of the factors surrounding individual self-presentation in order to build future systems which empower participants.

Wissenschaftliche Schriftenreihe, die Dissertationen der Professur Verteilte und selbstorganisierende Rechnersysteme beinhaltet.

Wissenschaftliche Schriftenreihe, die Dissertationen der Professur Verteilte und selbstorganisierende Rechnersysteme beinhaltet. / Scientific series containing dissertations of the Professorship Distributed and Self-Organizing Systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Tavares2.pdf: 1287442 bytes, checksum: 7f5aa84748d1a824abe72b2b6940ffe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09 / The work analyzes the media in the context of the Internet and outlines new methodologies for the study area in filtering meanings in the scientific realm of information flows from social networks, news media or any other device that allows storage and retrieval of structured information and unstructured. In an attempt to reflect on the ways that these information flows and develop mainly in the volume produced, the project scales the fields of meanings that this relationship appears in the theories and practices of research. The aim of this study is to contextualize the media area within a changing and dynamic reality that is the environment of the internet and make parallel before the applications already successful in other areas. With the method of case study three cases were analyzed under two conceptual keys to Web Sphere Analysis and the Web Science reflecting the opposing information systems in the discursive and structural aspect. This way observes what the Media has earned in order to view its objects of study in the environment of internet networks for these prospects. The research result shows that it is a challenge to the researcher Media seek new learning, but the feedback information in a collaborative environment that the Internet presents is fertile ground for research path, for data modeling wins analytical corpus when the set of tools promoted and driven by technology allows isolating contents and allows deepening the meanings and relationships. / O trabalho desenvolvido analisa a Comunicação Social no contexto da internet e delineia novas metodologias de estudo para a área na filtragem de significados no âmbito científico dos fluxos de informação das redes sociais, mídias de notícias ou qualquer outro dispositivo que permita armazenamento e acesso a informação estruturada e não estruturada. No intento de uma reflexão sobre os caminhos, que estes fluxos de informação se desenvolvem e principalmente no volume produzido, o projeto dimensiona os campos de significados que tal relação se configura nas teorias e práticas de pesquisa. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é contextualizar a área da Comunicação Social dentro de uma realidade mutável e dinâmica que é o ambiente da internet e fazer paralelos perante as aplicações já sucedidas por outras áreas. Com o método de estudo de caso foram analisados três casos sob duas chaves conceituais a Web Sphere Analysis e a Web Science refletindo os sistemas de informação contrapostos no quesito discursivo e estrutural. Assim se busca observar qual ganho a Comunicação Social tem no modo de visualizar seus objetos de estudo no ambiente das internet por essas perspectivas. O resultado da pesquisa mostra que é um desafio para o pesquisador da Comunicação Social buscar novas aprendizagens, mas a retroalimentação de informação no ambiente colaborativo que a internet apresenta é um caminho fértil para pesquisa, pois a modelagem de dados ganha corpus analítico quando o conjunto de ferramentas promovido e impulsionado pela tecnologia permite isolar conteúdos e possibilita aprofundamento dos significados e suas relações.

La connaissance mondiale déclarée double environ tous les 9 ans (Kozmetsky, Smilor 1999) Parallèlement, le langage écrit ou verbal demeure le mode de transmission privilégié de la connaissance dans les organisations et sur le Web où aucune lingua franca n’a émergé, et qui est dès lors fractionné en contenus sinophone, anglophone, hispanophone, arabophone, hindiphone etc. Nous utilisons les travaux de Dehaene et al sur la mémoire épisodique dans son détournement par les calculateurs prodiges pour théoriser et concevoir une nouvelle interface homme-machine spatialisée qui permette à l’utilisateur individuel et en groupe de visualiser, de manipuler mentalement et d’échanger plus de connaissances. La théorisation et la conception de cette gamme d’interfaces, basées sur des algorithmes de spatialisation de listes, et l’unique objet de notre thèse. / Could we flow knowledge faster and better? Why is this a problem in the first place? How can we tackle it technologically? What could be a prototype solution? This work unifies these questions in the outline of a single, refutable paradigm of noodynamics - the study of knowledge flows - and nooconomics, the economy of knowledge. This paradigm will answer the question “Why”. Neuroergonomics (“brain ergonomics”), and biomimicry, will be summoned in answer to the question “How”. Their contribution will follow from the simplest knowledge flow equation that is proposed in this work. Two original optimisation problems are also posed in software neuroergonomics and biomimetics: the Mindscape and Serendipity Problem. A case of theoretical neuroergonomics, or neuroergonomics ex ante is proposed with the study of Hyperwriting, a written grapheme-loceme association, or a glyphic method for externalising spatial memory. Its application to the design of user interface will finally found neuroergonomic design, or neuromimicry, with the example of a collegial interface to augment multiscale knowledge flows: Chréage. The anatomy of this prototype mindscape will be the conclusion of this work, and its answer to the question “What”?

[pt] Esta pesquisa de tese teve como objetivo explorar a análise de mídias sociais, especialmente as disponíveis em comunidades online de sites de redes sociais, a fim de realizar estudos sociais sobre questões de saúde. Com base em uma abordagem prática foi definido um processo para realizar esses estudos. Este processo contou com ferramentas computacionais adaptados para fornecer apoio em tarefas específicas, tais como recuperação de conteúdo, seleção e análise. Duas ferramentas que se destacam são apresentadas por causa de sua utilidade e a complexidade do processo em que a sua construção se baseou. Para o benefício da análise de comunidades online, o Mapa de Associação de Comunidades é um processo desenvolvido para apoiar especialistas em compreender os interesses dos usuários com base em suas associações dentro de suas comunidades. A outra ferramenta visa auxiliar analistas a selecionar discussões de fóruns online a serem analisados manualmente com técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa, por exemplo, análise de conteúdo e do discurso. Esta ferramenta, TorchSR, foi criada baseada em aprendizado de máquina não supervisionado, usando agrupamento hierárquico, para dar suporte na resolução do problema de seleção de conteúdo. Um estudo de caso exploratório mostra que esta ferramenta ajuda na resolução do problema. O processo proposto foi utilizado em dois estudos sobre questões relevantes de saúde (hepatite C e o abuso de drogas), que resultou em descobertas relevantes sobre saúde pública. Em conclusão, este trabalho apresenta a aplicação prática de ciência social computacional no campo da saúde, através do desenvolvimento de um processo e ferramentas utilizadas para apoiar os analistas e melhorar a sua aplicação. / [en] This research thesis is aiming to exploit valuable social media, especially those available in online communities of social network sites, in order to perform social studies about healthcare issues. Based on a practical approach, a process was defined to conduct such studies. This process relied on tailored computational tools to provide support for specific tasks such as contente retrieval, selection, and analysis. Two tools that stand out are presented because of their utility and the complexity of the process in which their development was based on. The first tool, for the benefit of online community analysis, is the Community Association Map, a process developed to support experts in understanding users’ interests based on their associations within their communities. Our second tool (TorchSR) aims to aid analysts in the selection of discussions from online forums to be manually analyzed by (qualitative) research techniques (e.g. content and discourse analysis). This task, which was defined as solving the content selection problem, was tackled with a tool based on unsupervised machine learning techniques, such as hierarchical clustering. An exploratory study case shows that TorchSR helps analysts in dealing with the problem. The proposed process was employed in two studies about relevant healthcare issues (i.e. hepatitis C and drug abuse) which resulted in interesting findings in the field of public health. In conclusion, this thesis presents a practical application of computational social science to the field of health, through development of a process and tools used to support analysts and improve its application.