New Zealand expatriate artists working in England, Europe and North Africa in the early twentieth century painted a wide variety of market scenes. The subject features in the oeuvre of Frances Hodgkins, Maud Sherwood, Sydney Lough Thompson, Maude Burge, Owen Merton, Robert Procter and John Weeks and made a significant contribution to their artistic development. Like their contemporaries in the artists’ colonies and sketching grounds of England and Europe, New Zealand artists were often drawn to traditional rural and fishing villages and sought to capture the nostalgia of the ‘old world.’ Early exploratory works by New Zealand expatriates have often been dismissed merely as nostalgic visions of colonials, without any real artistic merit. This research offers a re-evaluation of these works, recognising their value as transitional works which illustrate New Zealand expatriate artists experimenting with early modernist trends, as well as revealing prevalent contemporary tastes among the New Zealand public. This study offers a comprehensive examination of the market theme and highlights the aspirations and achievements of New Zealand expatriate artists. This is reflected in both their choice of subjects and in the way in which these were depicted. A key finding of this research is that New Zealand expatriate artists developed a distinctive response towards the market subject. The vibrant atmosphere and activity of the market and colourful views of canvas booths, awnings and costume provided the perfect means of expression for these artists to explore a variety of painterly concerns and techniques, among them plein-air and impressionist painting, watercolour techniques and a modern treatment of colour and light. The hypothesis of a ‘female gaze’ is explored with specific reference to depiction of the market subjects by Frances Hodgkins and Maud Sherwood. Placed within a wider art historical context of images of female market vendors, their market works offer an original interpretation of the female milieu of the European market. Finally, the expatriates’ vision of the exotic and colourful markets in North Africa and Egypt is investigated. They offered an alternative response to more traditional Orientalist interpretations and their Maghrebian explorations were the catalyst for key stylistic developments in colour and form.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2018-03-20T16:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvano Lessi.pdf: 1232073 bytes, checksum: aa3ddfebdca742394d0e88a6e69c5c69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T16:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvano Lessi.pdf: 1232073 bytes, checksum: aa3ddfebdca742394d0e88a6e69c5c69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research deals with the three most important Judaic Feasts: The Feast of Pesah ( Feast of Unleavened Bread), The Feast of Weeks and the Feast of Tabernacles, with a theoretical basis that has the view of the biblical books of The Old Testaments. As backdrop, this research has used the content of Deuteronomy 16, 1-17. It's said that it wasn't for sure when each of these feasts appeared, but it was said that these feasts have suffered alterations in the course of time until nowadays. The comparisons made through the study of the texts in The Old Testaments have given a better view about these alterations. The unification of The Feast of Pesah with The Feast of Unleavened bread since they were close by each other in the Judaic calendar was one of the most important alterations. Another one was the centralization of the three important feasts in the temple of Jerusalem. The analysis also shows the impacts that these changes have caused over the people of Israel. The people who used to celebrate the feasts in a familiar surrounding had to change the place of their worship. The change made by King Josiah also had a great impact over the Jewish people. It's said that such change had a political and economic reason. At last, it was analyzed the changes that had occurred in the calendar of the feasts. The Feast of Pesah which used to be celebrated in the month of Tisri was then celebrated in the month of Abib, in Deuteronomy 16, 1-17. / A pesquisa trabalha as três principais Festas judaicas: Festa do pesah (juntamente com a Festa dos pães ázimos), Festa das semanas e a Festa das tendas, trazendo um embasamento teórico que perpassa os livros bíblicos do Antigo Testamento. Como pano de fundo principal, esta pesquisa utilizou o conteúdo de Deuteronômio 16,1-17. Pode-se dizer que não se conseguiu afirmar quando surgiram cada uma das Festas, entretanto observou-se que estas Festas sofreram transformações no decorrer do tempo até os dias de hoje. As comparações feitas através do estudo de textos do Antigo Testamento deram uma visão melhor sobre estas transformações. A unificação da Festa do pesah com a Festa dos pães ázimos, por serem Festas próximas uma da outra no calendário judaico, foi uma das transformações importantes. Outra foi a centralização das três principais Festas no templo de Jerusalém. A análise também perpassa pelos impactos que estas mudanças causaram sobre o povo de Israel. O povo que tinha por costume comemorar as Festas num ambiente familiar teve que mudar o local de suas adorações. A reforma feita pelo rei Josias também teve grande impacto para o povo judeu. Podemos dizer que esta reforma teve uma finalidade política e econômica. Por fim, também foram analisadas as mudanças que ocorreram no calendário das três Festas. A Festa do pesah que era comemorada no mês de Tisri passa a ser comemorado no mês de Abib no livro de Deuteronômio 16,1-17

Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode. / Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.