Darbo tikslas: atlikti vartotojų apklausą apie ekologiškos kiaulienos pasirinkimą, palyginti ekologinėmis ir įprastinėmis sąlygomis išaugintų Lietuvos baltųjų kiaulių mėsos savybes. Darbo uždaviniai: atlikti vartotojų apklausą apie ekologiškos kiaulienos pasirinkimą, jų žinias apie Lietuvos baltųjų kiaulių veislės kiaulienos savybes; atlikti Lietuvos baltųjų kiaulių išaugintų ekologinėmis sąlygomis skerdenos kokybės, mėsos fizinių, cheminių rodiklių tyrimą, mėsos kai kurių technologinių savybių (vandens rišlumo, tekstūros rodiklių ir kt.) analizę; gautus tyrimo rezultatus palyginti su Lietuvos baltųjų kiaulių, išaugintų įprastinėmis sąlygomis, mokslinėje literatūroje pateiktais skerdenos kokybės, mėsos fiziniais, cheminiais rodikliais ir kai kuriomis technologinėmis savybėmis. Tyrimai atlikti 2013 m. LSMU ir Kauno technologijos universiteto Maisto instituto Chemijos laboratorijose. Skerdenas atvėsinus (praėjus 24 val.) buvo nustatytas: lašinių storis (ties 10 šonkauliu), ilgiausiojo nugaros raumens skerspjūvio plotas, kumpio masė (kg), aktyvusis rūgštingumas (pH), raumeningumas. Ekologinėmis sąlygomis išaugintų Lietuvos baltųjų veislės 6 kiaulių skerdenų, sveriančių apie 90 kg, mėsos cheminei sudėčiai, fiziniams bei technologiniams rodikliams, buvo paimti 6 mėginiai. Praėjus 48 val. po skerdimo, buvo nustatytas: mėsos spalvingumas, mėsos vandens rišlumas, virimo nuostoliai, mėsos vandeningumas, mėginių tekstūros savybės bei baltymai. Gauti rezultatai. Atlikus apklausą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Purpose: to do consumers survey about about organic pork selection, to compare Lithuanian white swine meat properties of Lithuanian white swines raised in organic and typical conditions. Tasks: to do consumers survey about organic pork choice their knowledge of Lithuanian White pig breed pork qualities; to do Lithuanian White pigs reared in organic conditions research of carcass quality, meat physical, chemical indicators, some of meat technological properties (water holding capacity, texture parameters, etc.). analysis; these results compare with Lithuanian White pigs, reared under typical conditions, in the scientific literature carcass quality, meat physical, chemical indicators and some technological properties. Research were carried out in 2013 LSMU and Kaunas University of Technology, Institute of Food Chemistry labs. Carcasses after chilling (24 hrs.) were observed: backfat thickness (10th rib), loin muscle cross-sectional area, ham weight (kg), the active acidity (pH), lean meat. Organic grown Lithuanian white breed pigs 6 carcasses about 90 kg weight of study meat chemical composition, physical and technological characteristics were taken 6 samples. At 48 h post-mortem was set meat color, meat water holding capacity, cooking loss, drip of meat, the texture characteristics of the samples and proteins. Results. Found out that more expensive organic pork purchases by respondents' income was not statistically significant (p = 0.941). In assessing whether the purchase... [to full text]

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Responses in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, carcass composition, residual food intake, meat quality and reproduction traits to selection in pigs for four years, for high or low post-weaning growth rate on a fixed but restricted ration were measured in progeny grown on either restricted, ad libitum individual or ad libitum group feeding regimens. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were also examined on animals whose full pedigrees comprised a total of 5324 animals. Substantial divergent response was achieved from selection for high vs. low growth rate on restricted feeding, with the genetic means of daily gain diverging by 81.25 g or 2.78 genetic standard deviations (SigmaG). The high and low growth rate lines also differed in ultrasonic backfat and food conversion efficiency by 1.12 SigmaG and 0.84 SigmaG, and by 0.88 SigmaG, 1.10 SigmaG, and 1.14 SigmaG for carcass weight daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage, respectively. These responses were consistent with the moderately to highly, favourable genetic correlations among and between performance and carcass composition traits. Genetic changes in growth rate, ultrasonic backfat, food conversion ratio, carcass daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage when measured on ad libitum individual feeding were all economically beneficial. The high growth line had a significantly lower voluntary daily food intake and residual food intake than the contemporaneous low line, indicating a reduced energy requirement for maintenance in the high relative to the low line. Genetic correlations between either growth rate or backfat and carcass traits were favourable but unfavourable between daily food intake and carcass fat or lean percentage, implying that selection strategies which place emphasis on increased leanness and decreased fatness would result in a decline in voluntary food intake of the animals. The descendants of breeding pigs selected for high post-weaning daily gain on restricted feeding showed significantly increased growth rates, slaughter weights and carcase lean percentages and reduced fatness when grown in group housing with ad libitum feeding. This suggests that restricted feeding is an effective performance testing approach for seedstock lines supplying commercial regimens with group housing and ad libitum feeding. Carcase lean pH values measured 24 hours post-mortem (pH24) were not statistically different between the selected lines, suggesting that an increase in basal metabolic rate due to increased rate of lean deposition in the high relative to the low line may have been compensated for by a reduction in heat production from other sources such as physical activity. Such a reduction was evidenced by a lower residual food intake in the high than the low growth lines. This supports the hypothesis that selection for high growth rate on restricted feeding does not have detrimental effects on pork quality. The sows of the high growth line produced more piglets with significantly heavier weights at birth, giving a potential for better post-natal growth and higher yield of pork weaned per sow per year than the low growth sows. Body weights of the high line sows prior to mating were also significantly higher than those of low line sows suggesting earlier age of sexual maturity. A non-significant tendency for high line sows to have a lower voluntary food intake than low line sows pointed to the possibility that their lower maintenance requirement as growers was carried over to the lactational phase of life. It is concluded that selection for high growth rate on a restricted ration of fixed amount will produce pig strains with a high genetic potential for lean growth, reduced energy requirement for maintenance and improved reproductive performance, and which will be suitable for growing under a wide range of commercial feeding environments.

Responses in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, carcass composition, residual food intake, meat quality and reproduction traits to selection in pigs for four years, for high or low post-weaning growth rate on a fixed but restricted ration were measured in progeny grown on either restricted, ad libitum individual or ad libitum group feeding regimens. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were also examined on animals whose full pedigrees comprised a total of 5324 animals. Substantial divergent response was achieved from selection for high vs. low growth rate on restricted feeding, with the genetic means of daily gain diverging by 81.25 g or 2.78 genetic standard deviations (SigmaG). The high and low growth rate lines also differed in ultrasonic backfat and food conversion efficiency by 1.12 SigmaG and 0.84 SigmaG, and by 0.88 SigmaG, 1.10 SigmaG, and 1.14 SigmaG for carcass weight daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage, respectively. These responses were consistent with the moderately to highly, favourable genetic correlations among and between performance and carcass composition traits. Genetic changes in growth rate, ultrasonic backfat, food conversion ratio, carcass daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage when measured on ad libitum individual feeding were all economically beneficial. The high growth line had a significantly lower voluntary daily food intake and residual food intake than the contemporaneous low line, indicating a reduced energy requirement for maintenance in the high relative to the low line. Genetic correlations between either growth rate or backfat and carcass traits were favourable but unfavourable between daily food intake and carcass fat or lean percentage, implying that selection strategies which place emphasis on increased leanness and decreased fatness would result in a decline in voluntary food intake of the animals. The descendants of breeding pigs selected for high post-weaning daily gain on restricted feeding showed significantly increased growth rates, slaughter weights and carcase lean percentages and reduced fatness when grown in group housing with ad libitum feeding. This suggests that restricted feeding is an effective performance testing approach for seedstock lines supplying commercial regimens with group housing and ad libitum feeding. Carcase lean pH values measured 24 hours post-mortem (pH24) were not statistically different between the selected lines, suggesting that an increase in basal metabolic rate due to increased rate of lean deposition in the high relative to the low line may have been compensated for by a reduction in heat production from other sources such as physical activity. Such a reduction was evidenced by a lower residual food intake in the high than the low growth lines. This supports the hypothesis that selection for high growth rate on restricted feeding does not have detrimental effects on pork quality. The sows of the high growth line produced more piglets with significantly heavier weights at birth, giving a potential for better post-natal growth and higher yield of pork weaned per sow per year than the low growth sows. Body weights of the high line sows prior to mating were also significantly higher than those of low line sows suggesting earlier age of sexual maturity. A non-significant tendency for high line sows to have a lower voluntary food intake than low line sows pointed to the possibility that their lower maintenance requirement as growers was carried over to the lactational phase of life. It is concluded that selection for high growth rate on a restricted ration of fixed amount will produce pig strains with a high genetic potential for lean growth, reduced energy requirement for maintenance and improved reproductive performance, and which will be suitable for growing under a wide range of commercial feeding environments.

Responses in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, carcass composition, residual food intake, meat quality and reproduction traits to selection in pigs for four years, for high or low post-weaning growth rate on a fixed but restricted ration were measured in progeny grown on either restricted, ad libitum individual or ad libitum group feeding regimens. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits were also examined on animals whose full pedigrees comprised a total of 5324 animals. Substantial divergent response was achieved from selection for high vs. low growth rate on restricted feeding, with the genetic means of daily gain diverging by 81.25 g or 2.78 genetic standard deviations (SigmaG). The high and low growth rate lines also differed in ultrasonic backfat and food conversion efficiency by 1.12 SigmaG and 0.84 SigmaG, and by 0.88 SigmaG, 1.10 SigmaG, and 1.14 SigmaG for carcass weight daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage, respectively. These responses were consistent with the moderately to highly, favourable genetic correlations among and between performance and carcass composition traits. Genetic changes in growth rate, ultrasonic backfat, food conversion ratio, carcass daily gain, carcass fat and lean percentage when measured on ad libitum individual feeding were all economically beneficial. The high growth line had a significantly lower voluntary daily food intake and residual food intake than the contemporaneous low line, indicating a reduced energy requirement for maintenance in the high relative to the low line. Genetic correlations between either growth rate or backfat and carcass traits were favourable but unfavourable between daily food intake and carcass fat or lean percentage, implying that selection strategies which place emphasis on increased leanness and decreased fatness would result in a decline in voluntary food intake of the animals. The descendants of breeding pigs selected for high post-weaning daily gain on restricted feeding showed significantly increased growth rates, slaughter weights and carcase lean percentages and reduced fatness when grown in group housing with ad libitum feeding. This suggests that restricted feeding is an effective performance testing approach for seedstock lines supplying commercial regimens with group housing and ad libitum feeding. Carcase lean pH values measured 24 hours post-mortem (pH24) were not statistically different between the selected lines, suggesting that an increase in basal metabolic rate due to increased rate of lean deposition in the high relative to the low line may have been compensated for by a reduction in heat production from other sources such as physical activity. Such a reduction was evidenced by a lower residual food intake in the high than the low growth lines. This supports the hypothesis that selection for high growth rate on restricted feeding does not have detrimental effects on pork quality. The sows of the high growth line produced more piglets with significantly heavier weights at birth, giving a potential for better post-natal growth and higher yield of pork weaned per sow per year than the low growth sows. Body weights of the high line sows prior to mating were also significantly higher than those of low line sows suggesting earlier age of sexual maturity. A non-significant tendency for high line sows to have a lower voluntary food intake than low line sows pointed to the possibility that their lower maintenance requirement as growers was carried over to the lactational phase of life. It is concluded that selection for high growth rate on a restricted ration of fixed amount will produce pig strains with a high genetic potential for lean growth, reduced energy requirement for maintenance and improved reproductive performance, and which will be suitable for growing under a wide range of commercial feeding environments.

Novelty of the research: 1. Using pure and cross breeding methods competitive genotype of Lithuanian White pig was formed. 2. Method of mixed linear model multivariate analysis was used and heritability of pig productive traits was evaluated in one farm conditions. 3. Genetic evaluation of Lithuanian White breed structure – boars’ lines and sows’ families- was performed as well as their productive traits correlations were determined for the first time in country. 4. For the first time in Lithuanian pig husbandry computerized method for determination of „muscle eye“ area was used. Practical meaning of the work: Using advantages of pure breeding and applying Large White breed „blood infusion“ was created consolidated meat genotype of Lithuanian White pig with high heritability of muscularity, which is used for genetic improvement in other Lithuanian White pig breed farms. At the moment 90 % of best BLUP method evaluated Lithuanian White pig breed boars and sows are kept in UAB „Berka“.