The concept of reusing wastewater in buildings has recently become more important. This is due to change in climatic conditions and reduction of the yield of water resources. Greywater can broadly be defined as not extremely polluted wastewater coming from basins, showers, baths, kitchen sinks and washing machines. The concept based on the use of alternative rate sources wouldn't need same strict parameters as drinking water. Dissertation engage in collecting greywater from basins, showers and wash machines separately from the other more polluted domestic wastewater at the dorms, the laundry machines, the hotels, detached houses, the swimming pools, the office buildings and other buildings. The research showed that membrane filtration meets all needed parameters of water quality and can be used in house systems where we use cleansed white water to flush toilets, watering garden or grass areas. There is still a lack of experience and documentation for such system of operation in our country. Systems of use of greywater in selected objects are detaily solved in my dissertation directed at system proposal.

Grey water is sewage water from bath, bathtub, sinks, washing machines and washers. This water can be cleaned to white water usefull for irrigation, flashing toilets, cleaning cars and for cleaning. This master´s thesis deals with management of water and their possibilities. First part contains description about possibilities of saving drinking water and their the most effective saving. Next part consists study of technological link for grey water cleaning and calculation of saving water with rate of return.

Thesis: Sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort The unit has 6 floors, it is partly with a cellar. The 1st floor is intended for spa purposes, the floors 3-5 serve as the acommodation area and in the 6th floor there is a machine room. The theoretic part is focused on the water problematics, on the type of sewages, including the labeling of their colors, and the following secondary use of the sewages. The next step is the choosing of the appropriate obtion. The project concerns the sanitation installation in a hotel with health resort.

This thesis solves sanitary equipment installation and design of distribution of gray water in the hotel. Designed building has three floors and basement. On the first floor there are a restaurant, bar, conservatory, sanitary facilities and kitchen facilities. In the second and third floor are rooms for guests. In the basement there are storages, laundry room, engine room and other rooms, which are important for operation. The theoretical part is focused on familiarization with the theme of gray water, their division and possibilities. The practical part of applied knowledge on the subject at. The work also includes the calculation of return on this technological system.

Title: Comparison of the results of aerobic exercise testing while kayak paddling whith crank ergometry of upper limbs. Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the results of aerobic execise diagnostics of 6 elite kayakers (white water slalom) when paddling of flat water with crank ergometry of upper limbs. The results obtained when paddling on flat water were also compared with results obtained when paddling in the pool with counter (bachelor thesis). Based on the results we wanted to answer the question about the possible use specific forms of stress diagnosis (spiroergometry) in routine practice of training proces. Methods: We used standardized laboratory spiroergomtry stress test at crank ergometry of upper limbs and spiroergometry stress test when paddling on flat water of the same protocol. To obtain the functional values of physiological indicators in both test we used mobile spiroergometry equipment Cortex Metamax 3B and sporttester Polar. Feedback of probands were identified based on suervey with closed questions. Results: Testing kayakers reached when paddling on flat water the average functional values: heart rate (HR) 188,5 (±8,77) beats per minute, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max.) 56 ml.kg.min-1 (±6.31); maximum ventilation (VMAX.) 127.31 l.min-1 (±15.16);...

Greywater is waste water from washbasins, showers, baths, kitchen sinks, dishwashers and washing machines. This can be treated to gain so-called white water, which can for example be used for flushing toilets and urinals, watering greenery or for cleaning. The subject of this diploma thesis is to state the possibilities for utilisation of greywater. In the first part of this thesis, research will be elaborated on the given topic. In the following chapters, I would like to state examples of the possibilities for utilisation of greywater. The practical part should consist of design of a system for treatment of greywater in a specific building.

Title: Influence of selected conditional factors on performance in white water slalom. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of selected specific movement abilities being examined modified test battery with the performance of athletes in the water slalom. Methods: It was used field measurements where the applied modified test battery. Using GPS module to determine the distance partial tests from batery. For measuring was used manual measurement. To determine the statistical correlation between the modified battery and performance ability of competitors was used two different coefficients of correlation and regression analysis. According to the order of the test and the race was used nonparametric correlation study - Spearman correlation coefficient. Determining the statistical significance of the relationship of measured times in tests and final time in the nomination races have used the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: For a statistically significant relationship was determined value when r ≥ 0.8. Spearman's correlation coefficient: In the test at 40 m were obtained these correlation coefficients: Nomination races rs = 0,380952, Czech cup rs = 0,595238. In the test at 80 meters they were obtained these correlation coefficients: nomination races rs = 0,857143,...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T12:26:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2077124 bytes, checksum: 59f01201db0c813515df97522a0e48f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Paper mill industrial processes consume large quantities of water consequently leading to large mill effluent volumes. One way to reduce water consumption is by increasing water reuse in the paper mill. Direct water reuse is not always possible because of poor effluent quality and effluent treatment may be necessary to permit reuse. Membrane bioreactors are a new treatment technology that are little used, mainly due to the lack of scientific and technical knowledge of their implementation. The present study examined the technical viability of thermophilic treatment of paper machine effluents in a membrane bioreactor. The studied was divided into three experiments. The main objective of the first experiment was to compare performance of laboratory-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) with 0,02µm porosity membranes in treating printing and writing paper machine white water at 35, 45 and 55°C. Results showed that the BRM was more efficient that the CAS in removing part of the effluent contaminant load. Average percent removals of chemistry oxygen demand (COD) in the CAS were 70.0, 78.1 and 76.7% and in the MBR 81.4, 81.9 and 78.7% at temperatures of 35, 45 and 55°C, respectively. Treated effluent total suspend solids (TSS) values in the CAS were 39, 54 and 88 mg.L-1 at of 35, 45 and 55°C. No TSS were detected in the MBR treated effluent. Turbidities of effluents treated in the CAS were 16, 35 and 165 NTU at temperatures 35, 45 and 55°C. MBR treated effluent presented no turbidity. Alkalinity and hardness of effluent treated by CAS were lower than for effluent treated by the MBR. The main objective of Experiment II was to compare performance of MBR effluent treatment under mesophilic (35°C), thermotolerant (45°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions. In Experiment II an MBR system composed of three reactors operating in parallel at the three different temperatures were used. This experiment was divided into three stages, with different COD loads in each: Stage 1 2.57 Kg.m-3.d-1; Stage II 4.75 Kg.m-3.d-1 and Stage III 9.43 Kg.m-3.d-1. The results showed that the increase in temperature led to reduction in COD removal efficiencies. Removals of COD in Stage I were 95.5, 94.2 and 91.9%, at temperatures of 35, 45 e 55°C, respectively. In Stage II, removal efficiencies were 97.4, 95.6 and 95.0% at 35, 45 and 55°C, respectively. In Stage II, removal efficiencies were 95.6, 93.3 and 89.7% at 35, 45 and 55°C, respectively. No TSS were detected in any of the treated effluents. Treated effluent turbidity increased with increased treatment temperature. Average turbidity of treated effluents were 0.11, 0.24 and 1.13 NTU in Stage I, 0.10, 0.16 and 1.01 NTU in Stage II and 0.87, 2.00 and 4.34 NTU in Stage III for treatment at 35, 45 e 55°C, respectively. Average conductivities of treated effluents were 1812, 1937 and 2927 µS.cm-1 for Stages I, II and III, respectively. Treated effluent color was greater for treatment at 55°C. Average color was 23, 23 and 102 mg.L-1 Pt in Stage I, 31, 36 and 127 mg.L-1 Pt in Stage II and 46, 58 and 163 mg. L-1 Pt in Stage III for temperatures of 35, 45 and 55°C, respectively. Average hardness values in treated effluents were 258, 203 and 160 mg.L-1 in Stage I, 439, 350 and 292 mg.L-1 in Stage II and 639, 565 and 495 mg.L-1 in Stage III, for treatments at 35, 45 and 55°C. No filamentous bacteria were found at 55°C and flocculation was deficient. The main objective of Experiment III was to evaluate sludge microbial diversity in aerobic MBRs operating under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. It was found that increased temperature reduced reactor sludge microbial diversity and richness. A new microbial community was established above 45°C that differed structurally from the community present in the MBR operated at 35°C. / Fábricas de papel consomem elevadas quantidades de água nos seus processos industriais gerando, conseqüentemente, grande volume de efluentes. Aumentar o reuso de água é uma forma que as empresas encontram para reduzir o consumo de água nas fábricas de papel. A reutilização da água nem sempre é possível devido a sua qualidade, o que requer um tratamento prévio. Biorreatores a membranas constituem uma nova tecnologia de tratamento, ainda pouco utilizada em decorrência do desconhecimento técnico e científico para sua implementação. O presente estudo verificou a viabilidade técnica de utilização de biorreatores a membranas para o tratamento termofílico de efluentes de máquinas de papel. O estudo foi dividido em três experimentos. O objetivo principal do primeiro experimento foi comparar o desempenho de um sistema de tratamento de efluentes por Lodos Ativados Convencional (LAC) e um sistema de tratamento de efluentes por Biorreator a Membranas (BRM), cuja porosidade das membranas era de 0,02µm, para remover os contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos presentes na água branca de uma máquina de papel para imprimir e escrever em três diferentes temperaturas: 35, 45 e 55 °C. Neste experimento foram utilizados dois sistemas laboratoriais de tratamento de efluentes composto de um LAC e um BRM. No experimento I, os estudos mostraram que o BRM foi mais eficiente do que o LAC para remover parte dos contaminantes presentes no efluente. As percentagens médias de remoção de DQO para o LAC foram 70, 78,1 e 76,7% e para o BRM foram 81,4, 81,9 e 78,7%, para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C, respectivamente. As concentrações de SST no efluente tratado no sistema LAC foram 39, 54 e 88 mg.L-1 para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C. No BRM não foi detectado SST no efluente tratado. A turbidez do efluente tratado pelo LAC foi 16, 35 e 165 UNT para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C. No BRM não houve turbidez no efluente tratado. As concentrações de alcalinidade e de dureza no efluente tratado para o LAC foram inferiores às taxas obtidas pelo BRM. O objetivo principal do Experimento II foi comparar os desempenhos dos sistemas de tratamentos de efluentes por BRM em condições mesofílica (35°C), termotolerante (45°C) e termofílica (55°C). No Experimento II foi utilizado um sistema de BRM composto de três reatores, operando em paralelo, em três temperaturas diferentes. Este Experimento foi dividido em três etapas, sendo que, cada etapa foi utilizada uma carga diferente de DQO: Etapa I 2,57 Kg.m-3.d-1; Etapa II 4,75 Kg.m-3.d-1 e Etapa III 9,43 Kg.m-3.d-1. Os resultados demonstraram que o aumento da temperatura ocasionou uma redução nas eficiências de remoção de DQO. As taxas de remoções de DQO na Etapa I, para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C, foram 95,5, 94,2 e 91,9%, respectivamente. Para a Etapa II, as taxas foram 97,4, 95,6 e 95,0% para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C, respectivamente. Para a Etapa III, as taxas de remoções de DQO foram 95,6, 93,3 e 89,7% para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C, respectivamente. Em nenhum tratamento foi detectada concentrações de SST no efluente tratado. A turbidez nos efluentes tratados aumentou à medida que aumentou a temperatura dos tratamentos. As médias de turbidez dos efluentes tratados, para a Etapa I, foram 0,11, 0,24 e 1,13 UNT; na Etapa II foram 0,10, 0,16 e 1,01 UNT e na Etapa III foram 0,87, 2,00 e 4,34 UNT para as temperatura de 35, 45 e 55°C, respectivamente. A média das condutividades dos efluentes tratados foram 1812, 1937 e 2927µS.cm-1 para as Etapas I, II e III, respectivamente. A cor nos efluentes tratados foi maior para os tratamentos realizados à temperatura de 55°C. As médias das concentrações de cor, para a Etapa I, foram 23, 23 e 102 mg.L-1 Pt; na Etapa II foram 31, 36 e 127 e na Etapa III foram 46, 58 e 163 mg. L-1 Pt, para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C, respectivamente. Quanto à concentração de dureza nos efluentes tratados, na Etapa I as médias foram 258, 203 e 160 mg.L-1. Na Etapa II, as médias foram 439, 350 e 292 mg.L-1 e na Etapa III, as médias foram 639, 565 e 495 mg.L-1, para as temperaturas de 35, 45 e 55°C. Não foram encontradas bactérias filamentosas na temperatura de 55°C e a floculação foi deficiente. O Experimento III teve como principal objetivo avaliar a diversidade biológica dos microrganismos em dois BRMs aeróbios, nas condições mesofílica e termofílica. Este experimento verificou que o aumento da temperatura reduziu a diversidade e a riqueza dos microrganismos presentes no lodo. A partir de 45°C estabeleceu-se uma nova comunidade microbiana, diferente das comunidades presentes nos reatores à temperatura de 35°C.

Diploma thesis describes the design of plumbing systems in student dormitories. The theoretical part discusses the types of waste water, focusing on gray water and its subsequent use. The experimental part is focused on measurement drinking water consumption and drinking water discharge in existing buildings student dormitories and apartment building. The work also contains other variants of possible installation solutions. The project is part of the selected solutions developed a variant form of project documentation for construction.