[Abstract]: What is at the heart of whole school change? The focus of this research is how a whole school revitalisation process impacted on the professional community, professional learnings and professional practices in a secondary Catholic College in regional southeast Queensland. It identifies the factors within the school context that impacted on the progress of the project.A review of literature provides support for each of the dimensions of the focus of the research, the research-based framework of the revitalisation project and the factors relevant to a whole school change process. The research paradigm involves interpretivist inquiry, the methodology is case study and a narrative method is used to interpret and present the study. Multiple sources of data are employed: three sets of semi-structured interviews conducted over a three year period from 2004 to 2006; the researcher’s journal; and school documents.Some evidence indicates that the revitalisation project had some impact upon the development of a shared vision and improved whole school collaboration and professional dialogue. The implementation of the change process led to an increase in whole school professional development which impacted on teachers’ shared understandings of pedagogical principles and further there is some evidence of perceived change in teachers’ professional practices as a result of engagement in the project.The study identifies cultural and other factors existing in the school which hindered the progress of the change process. These include teachers’ resistance to change, a culture of ‘blame’, and a lack of teacher leadership and of collaborative decision making on the part of the school leadership team. One outcome of the study was the construction of a set of recommendations to assist a school in overcoming the impact of these identified hindrances to the change process.A model of effective change is developed as a second key outcome of the study. The model is consistent with the key “school change” literature, but its significance lies in the unique context from which it was drawn.

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The study investigates a systematic organisation and management of whole school inclusive processes in two mainstream secondary schools in Cameroon. These schools are implementing the official action plan of Education for all (EFA) and inclusion of 1998 alongside other inclusive legal and policy frameworks in response to the needs of student diversity with focus on those with Special Educational Needs/Disabilities, Difficulties in learning, Disadvantages in background (SEN/DDD) and special abilities. Using a diverse range of participants namely a pedagogic inspector, head teachers, teachers, students and parents (N=23) with a multi-method approach to data collection through semi-structured interviews, document review, observation and analysis, the qualitative research enquiry has a number of findings. On the one hand, it discovered that whole school inclusion is complex and incorporates a wide range of curricular (academic/linguistic) and extracurricular (social/intercultural) support services and benefits through grouped/individualised, in-/out-class and on/ off school ground activities (technology of inclusion) designed to equalise educational opportunities and to enhance the participation of all in learning. The results further indicated that whole school inclusion widens learning horizons and maximises possibilities for developing diverse potentials of student diversity. It also revealed that, in a subtractive bilingual education system with official/foreign language as media of instruction, the inclusion of students with SEN/DDD is more effective through bilingual special education services. This incorporates intercultural participation, curriculum/foreign language learning support and/or mother tongue-based mediated education to facilitate leaning, development and attainment. On the other hand, its results indicated that the bulk of barriers to whole school inclusion arise from the gap between the officially centralised policy / planning and practical inclusive schooling. The barriers include: centralised and prescriptive nature of educational services; partial or non-implementation of legal and policy frameworks; insufficient provision and management of human resources including staff pre-/ in-service training programmes, didactic materials and financial resources; lack of effective coordination, professionalism and accountability in service delivery that underlie the inadequate organisation and management of whole school inclusion development. Thus, support services are more charity driven (integration) than human rights-oriented (inclusion). The work suggested that in order to adequately accommodate students with SEN/DDD, the schools’ organisational and management strategies need to be systematically reconceptualised, through a review of key issues: the macro system level support services; decentralisation of services; more autonomy with active cooperation between the schools and their stakeholders; restructuring of contextual factors like staff training programmes, curriculum and environment accessibility among others to improve all forms of support activities. The study also contributes to the understanding of inclusion in a global context through its combination of special educational needs, disability, bilingual and intercultural dimensions. In this way, conceptualisation of inclusion in countries of the North which is frequently limited to the provision for children with disabilities/special educational needs and the issue of location are insufficient in their application to certain countries of the South, especially in postcolonial societies where the linguistic and cultural dimensions are emphasised.

Au sein des hémopathies malignes B, les plasmocytoses malignes (myélome multiple [MM) et leucémie à plasmocyte [PCLI) occupent une place particulière par leur biologie et leurs aspects cliniques. Biologiquement, elles présentent une forte proportion d’anomalies oncogéniques· (RAS, c-MYC) et de fréquentes altérations de la voie p53 (CDKN2ADel, TP53Del/Mut) qui conduisent, cliniquement, à l’inefficacité des traitements cytostatiques conventionnels. Des lignées cellulaires de MM (HMCls) qui recouvrent en partie la diversité des patients ont été générées depuis 50 ans. Nous avons caractérisé l’exome complet de 33 lignées cellulaires humaines de MM. Les mutations faux-sens sont les plus fréquentes (92%). les HMCLs portent entre 307 et 916 mutant par HMCL, TP53 étant le gène le plus altéré (67%). Des pertes bi-alléliques des voies du cycle cellulaire (CDKN2C, RB1), de la voie NFkB (TRAF3, BIRC2) et de la voie p53 (TP53, CDKN2A) sont fréquentes. La fréquence des mutations/délétion est semblable à celle des patients ( DIS3, PRDM1, KRAS), ou majorée (TP53, CDKN2C, NRAS, PRKD2). la voie MAPK est lá plus altérée (82% des HMCls), principalement par des mutants de RAS: peu décrites, les HMCLs présentent des altérations des voies épigénétiques (73%), de l’ anémie de Fanconi (54%) et très peu d’anonalies directes de la machinerie apoptotique. Nous avons mis en relation les données dexpression, de mutation/délétion et de réponse aux traitements et démontré que l’efficacité de plusieurs traitements est indépendante des mutations. Finalement, le développement de stratégies prenant en compte ces altérations peu décrites dans le MM (Fanconi, Epigenetique) sont nécessaires. / Among B CeH malignancies, plasma-cell the NFKB pathway (TRAF3, BIRC2) and the p53 malignancies (multiple myeloma [MM] and plasma cell pathway (TP53, CDKN2A). Frequency of leukemia [PCL]) harbor particular biological and mutations/deletions in HMCLs were either similar to clinical insights. Biologically, they present with both a that of patients (e.g. DIS3, PRDM1, KRAS), or highly high frequency of oncogenic abnormalities (RAS, e- increased (e.g. TP53, CDKN2C, NRAS, PRKD2). MYC) and a high frequency of p53 pathway MAPK was the most altered pathway (82% of abnormalities (CDKN2Adel, TP53 del/mut). Those two HMCLs), mainly by RAS mutants. Surprisingly, latter leading to chemo-resistance to conventional HMCLs displayed alterations in epigenetic (73%) and cytostatic drugs. Human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) Fanconi anemia (54%) and few alterations in are widely used for their representation of primary apoptotic machinery. We further identified mutually myeloma cells as they cover patient diversity, exclusive and associated mutations/deletions in afthough not fully. We performed whole-exon genes involved in the MAPK and p53 pathways as sequencing of 33 HMCLs, which were established well as in chromatin regulator/modifier genes. over the last 50 years. Missense mutations were the Finally, by combining the gene expression profile, most frequent mutations {92%). HMCLs harbored gene mutation. gene deletion and drug response, we between 307 and 916 mutations per sample, with demonstrated that several targeted drugs overcome TP53 being the most mutated gene (67%). Recurrent or bypass some mutations bi-allelic losses were found in genes involved in cell cycle regulation (RB1. CDKN2C).

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate hsp70 expression as an indicator of arsenic exposure in zebrafish larvae and to assess the accuracy of the hsp70-eGFP reporter gene construct as a reliable indicator of endogenous hsp70 expression. The relative toxicity of arsenite and arsenate was also examined and gross developmental effects were recorded following an acute 96 hour range finding exposure. Gross effects observed included edema, trunk abnormalities, immobility, and mortality for both arsenite and arsenate, with arsenite more toxic than arsenate. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) for arsenite and arsenate were calculated from the data obtained in the 96 hour exposure. They were determined to be 771.98 μM and 1347 μM respectively. The effective concentrations (EC50) were determined to be 570 μM for arsenite and 1172 μM for arsenate. Results from the 96 hour exposures were also used to determine concentrations used in subsequent exposures. Induction of hsp70 was examined in wild-type larvae following a three hour exposure to arsenic and subsequent in situ hybridization. It was determined that both trivalent and pentavelant arsenic induced expression in the olfactory rosette, gills and skin, GIT, liver, and pericardial muscle. Expression was found to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific for both. Induction of hsp70 was evident in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish larvae exposed to 700 μM arsenite and in the skin, gills, liver, pericardial muscle, and gastrointestinal tract in those exposed to 1000 μM or 2000 μM arsenite. Exposure to 1500 μM arsenate resulted in expression in skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, while induction was observed in skin, gills, liver, pericardial muscle and gastrointestinal tract of larvae exposed to 2500 μM or 7500 μM arsenate. Overall expression patterns of hsp70-eGFP in transgenic zebrafish larvae exposed to arsenic were found to closely mimic that of endogenous hsp70 expression patterns in wild-type larvae suggesting that it is an accurate indicator of endogenous hsp70 expression.

The objective of this thesis was to evaluate hsp70 expression as an indicator of arsenic exposure in zebrafish larvae and to assess the accuracy of the hsp70-eGFP reporter gene construct as a reliable indicator of endogenous hsp70 expression. The relative toxicity of arsenite and arsenate was also examined and gross developmental effects were recorded following an acute 96 hour range finding exposure. Gross effects observed included edema, trunk abnormalities, immobility, and mortality for both arsenite and arsenate, with arsenite more toxic than arsenate. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) for arsenite and arsenate were calculated from the data obtained in the 96 hour exposure. They were determined to be 771.98 μM and 1347 μM respectively. The effective concentrations (EC50) were determined to be 570 μM for arsenite and 1172 μM for arsenate. Results from the 96 hour exposures were also used to determine concentrations used in subsequent exposures. Induction of hsp70 was examined in wild-type larvae following a three hour exposure to arsenic and subsequent in situ hybridization. It was determined that both trivalent and pentavelant arsenic induced expression in the olfactory rosette, gills and skin, GIT, liver, and pericardial muscle. Expression was found to be dose-dependent and tissue-specific for both. Induction of hsp70 was evident in the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish larvae exposed to 700 μM arsenite and in the skin, gills, liver, pericardial muscle, and gastrointestinal tract in those exposed to 1000 μM or 2000 μM arsenite. Exposure to 1500 μM arsenate resulted in expression in skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract, while induction was observed in skin, gills, liver, pericardial muscle and gastrointestinal tract of larvae exposed to 2500 μM or 7500 μM arsenate. Overall expression patterns of hsp70-eGFP in transgenic zebrafish larvae exposed to arsenic were found to closely mimic that of endogenous hsp70 expression patterns in wild-type larvae suggesting that it is an accurate indicator of endogenous hsp70 expression.

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With an increasing amount of whole genome sequence data becoming available on a daily basis we have an opportunity to study the interactions and dynamics of different organisms on a whole genome level. In the past, reports of horizontal gene transfer have focused mainly on the identification of single genes that show distorted phylogenetic profiles to that of the organism it was isolated from. This study firstly did whole genome comparisons between the rice nuclear and plastid genomes to determine the level and dynamics gene transfer and insertion of the chloroplast ad mitochondrial genomes into that of the nuclear genome of rice. Secondly, it looked to identify sequence similarities between the rice genome and microbial genomes by performing whole genome comparisons between the rice genome and that of several microbial genomes. These sequences were analyzed further to identify possible instances of horizontal transfer of DNA from microbes to the rice genome. Using this approach, this study reports several fragments in the rice genome with significant sequence similarity to that of microbial DNA fragments. This study also provides evidence supporting horizontal transfer of several of these fragments. This study provides valuable information regarding intra- as well as inter-genome DNA transfer dynamics. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Science / unrestricted