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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Vergleich beobachteter und aus parametrisierten Beziehungen berechneter Windreibungskoeffizienten während eines Sturmes an der Ostseeküste

Raabe, Armin, Friedrich, Katja, Fritsch, Holger 09 November 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Beobachtete und über parametns1erte Beziehungen berechnete Windreibungs-koeffizienten werden für die Zeit eines Sturms, der in der Zeit zwischen dem 08.07.96 und 11.07.96 an der Ostseeküste tobte, verglichen. Die innerhalb der ufernahen Zone aus Windprofildaten ermittelten Reibungskoeffizienten lassen sich mit weniger als 20% Fehler auch über vorliegende parametrisierten Beziehungen aus einer standardisierten Windgeschwindigkeitsmessung berechnen. / A comparison between observed and calculated wind drag coefficients were investigated during a storm with wind speeds up to 20 m/s at the Baltic Sea coast between 3th July, 1996 and 1 lth July, 1996. The drag coefficient which was determined from observed wind speeds from wind profile measurements can also be predicted on behalf of parameterised relations with a random error less then 20%.
12

Solar cycle dependence of winds and planetary waves as seen from midlatitude mesopause region wind measurements at Collm

Jacobi, Christoph 09 November 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Windmessungen im Mesopausenbereich über Mitteleuropa (Collm, 52°N, I5°E) werden im Hinblick auf Langzeittrends und eine eventuelle Abhängigkeit vom 11-jährigen Sonnenfleckenzyklus hin untersucht. Der Einfluß der solaren Variabilität ist jahreszeitenabhängig; nur in Frühjahr und Sommer wird eine signifikante Korrelation gefunden. Im Sommer ist diese Abhängigkeit mit stärkeren vertikalen Gradienten des mittleren zonalen Grundwindes im solaren Maximum verbunden. Dies weist auf einen Ursprung dieser Abhängigkeit in der Stratosphäre/Mesosphäre sowie auf Koppelungsmechanismen zwischen Stratosphäre, Mesosphäre und unteren Thermosphäre hin. Da die 2-Tage-Welle vom Gradienten abhängt, führt dies zu einer positiven Korrelation zwischen der Amplitude der 2-Tage-Welle und der Sonnenfleckenrelativzahl. / Mesopause winds over Central Europe (Collm, 52°N, I5°E) are analysed with respect to longterm trends and 11-year solar cycle dependencies. The response of the prevailing wind to the solar cycle differs throughout the year. While in winter no significant correlation between the zonal prevailing wind and the solar activity is found, in spring and summer a negative correlation between solar activity and zonal prevailing wind can be seen from the measurements. This is connected with strenger vertical gradients of the zonal prevailing wind during solar maximum than during solar minimum. This hints to a forcing of the mesopause region dynamical reaction on solar activity from the stratosphere/mesosphere and to coupling processes in the stratosphere-mesosphere-lower thermosphere system. Since the amplitude of the quasi twoday wave is dependent on the zonal mean wind gradient, this is connected with a positive correlation between solar activity and quasi two-day wave activity.
13

Acoustic tomography in comparision to in-situ temperature and wind measurements

Arnold, Klaus, Ziemann, Astrid, Raabe, Armin 19 December 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Acoustic travel time tomography is presented as an experimental technique for remote monitoring of areally averaged meteorological quantities as the air temperature and the horizontal wind speed. This ground based remote sensing technique uses the nearly horizontal propagation of sound waves in the atmospheric surface layer. Here the acoustic travel time tomography was applied by measuring the travel time at defined propagation paths between several sound sources and receivers. The resulting sound speed were used to obtain estimates of the meteorological parameters. A measuring campaign was carried out at the test site in Lindenberg (DWD) to compare the acoustically derived data with conventional systems. These observations demonstrated that on one side the accuracy of the acoustic system is comparable with in-situ measurements and on the other side the temperature was particularly significant overestimated by the standard sensors, e.g. due to the radiation influence. / Die Akustische Laufzeittomographie wird als ein experimentelles Verfahren zur Sondierung meteorologischer Parameter, wie z.B. der Lufttemperatur und der horizontalen Windgeschwindigkeit, vorgestellt. Dieses bodengebundene Fernerkundungsverfahren nutzt die horizontale Ausbreitung von Schallwellen in der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht. Hier wird das Verfahren der Laufzeittomographie angewendet, d.h. bei bekannter Weglänge wird die Ausbreitungszeit von ausgesendeten Schallsignalen zwischen mehreren Schallquellen und Empfängern gemessen. Die resultierenden Schallgeschwindigkeitsinformationen werden genutzt, um daraus die entsprechenden meteorologischen Parameter abzuleiten. Auf dem Gelände des Meteorologischen Observatoriums Lindenberg (DWD) wurde eine Messkampagne durchgeführt, um die akustischen Sondierungen mit konventionellen Systemen zu vergleichen. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass einerseits die Genauigkeit der Akustischen Tomographie vergleichbar mit den konventionellen in-situ Messungen ist und andererseits, dass die Lufttemperatur aufgrund des Strahlungseinflusses bei Messungen mit den üblichen Sensoren zum Teil erheblich überschätzt wird.
14

The influence of NCEP-data assimilated into COMMA-LIM on the 16-day wave

Fröhlich, Kristina, Pogoreltsev, Alexander I., Jacobi, Christoph, Nechaeva, L. A. 04 April 2017 (has links) (PDF)
The general circulation model COMMA-LIM solves the primitive equations on a sphere using gridpoints. The relative large interval between adjacent gridpoints (5° × 5.6° latitude versus longitude) causes an incorrect meridional temperature gradient in the coarsly resolved troposphere that leads to too weak winds there, particularly in the lower winter stratosphere above the polar region. By using the technique of nudging 11-year averaged NCEP zonal mean temperature data were assimilated into COMMA-LIM. This means that longitudinal dependent processes as calculated by the model still influence the atmosphere. The nudging method has improved not only the lower atmosphere, but also the middle atmospheric jets show a more realistic behaviour. A numerical experiment by forcing the 16-day wave was carried out in order to investigate the influence of an improved background circulation on the vertical propagation of planetary waves. / Das globale Zirkulationsmodell COMMA-LIM berechnet die primitiven Gleichungen auf einem Kugelgitter. Der relativ große Gitterabstand von 5°× 5.6° in Breite und Länge und die grobe vertikale Auflösung führen zu einem inkorrekten meridionalen Temperaturgradienten in der Troposphäre, so dass die troposphärischen Jets und der polare Winterwirbel zu schwach ausgeprägt sind. Mit Hilfe der Methode des Nudging wurden in den unteren 30 km der Atmosphäre 11-Jahres gemittelte NCEP Reanalysedaten des Temperaturfeldes assimiliert. Dabei wurde nur der zonale Mittelwert der berechneten Temperatur an die Reanalysedaten relaxiert, so dass die Antriebsterme, die von COMMA-LIM berechnet werden, erhalten bleiben. Durch diese Methode wurden Wind- und Temperaturfeld sowohl in der Troposphäre als auch in der mittleren Atmosphäre verbessert. Ein Experiment zur Ausbreitung der 16-Tage Welle wurde unter den neuen Bedingungen durchgeführt, und der Einfluß der veränderten Atmosphäre auf die vertikale Wellenausbreitung wurde untersucht.
15

Ein Bewertungsverfahren für Schallimmissionen unter Einbeziehung des Atmosphärenzustandes

Viertel, René, Wilsdorf, Michael, Raabe, Armin 04 April 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, welches im Rahmen einer Projektbearbeitung für die Bundeswehr entwickelt wurde und die Einbeziehung des meteorologischen Einflusses auf die Schallausbreitung in die Schallimmissionsprognose auf relativ einfache Weise ermöglicht. Zunächst wurden alle denkbaren meteorologischen Situationen (Unterscheidung nach Temperatur, Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung) klassifiziert. Für die verschiedenen Klassen wurden Verteilungen der Schalldruckpegeldämpfung mit dem Schallausbreitungsmodell SMART (Sound Propagation Model for the Atmosphere using Ray Tracing) berechnet. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Datenbank zusammengefasst. Die Analyse und Bewertung dieser Prognosen, sowie der Zugriff auf die Datenbank erfolgt über das Visualisierungstool MetaVIS (Meteorological attenuation visualization). Damit ist eine schnelle Schallimmissionsprognose für aktuelle Schallausbreitungssituationen möglich. Im Rahmen dieses Verfahrens ist die Regionalisierung eines Gesamtgebietes in schallklimatologisch ähnliche Teilgebiete möglich. Eine solche Untersuchung erfolgte durch die Analyse von Schalldruckpegeldämpfungskarten für eine Vielzahl von Atmosphärenstrukturen. Im Ergebnis konnte eine Karte zur Neustrukturierung der Beratungsräume der Bundeswehr, unter Berücksichtigung meteorologischer Einflüsse auf die Schallausbreitung, erarbeitet werden. / A procedure is described, which has been developed within the framework of a project for the Bundeswehr. This method provides a relatively simple way to include meteorological influences on the sound propagation for forecasting sound immission. Therefore, at first, different meteorological situations (differentiation regarding temperature, wind speed, wind direction) have been classified. For the different classes the spatial distribution attenuation of sound level have been calculated using a model of sound propagation SMART (Sound propagation model of the atmosphere using ray-tracing). The results are stored in a database. The analysis and evaluation of this forecasts as well as the access to the database is realized using the visualization tool MetaVIS (Meteorological attenuation visualization). Therewith fast forecasts of sound immission for present meteorological situations are enabled. Moreover, with this procedure a regionalization of an entire territory in areas with a similar sound climatology is possible. Such an estimation has been done by analysing maps of sound level attenuation for different atmospheric structures. As a result, a map for restructuring the consulting areas of the Bundeswehr, considering meteorological influences on the sound propagation, could be acquired.
16

Mesopause region temperatures over Collm (51.3° N, 13° E)

Stober, Gunter, Jacobi, Christoph, Kürschner, Dierk 22 March 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Seit August 2004 wird am geophysikalischen Observatorium Collm (51.3° N, 13° E) ein SKiYMET Meteor-Radar betrieben. Dieses liefert seitdem kontinuierliche Temperaturwerte und Windmessungen. Die Grundlage des Messverfahrens stellt ein stetiger Fluss von Meteoren dar, die in einer Höhe von 75-105 km verglühen. Aus den mit dem Radar bestimmten Positionen der Meteore können Temperaturen in der Mesopausenregion abgeschätzt werden. Für die Darstellung des Jahresganges wurden Tagesmittelwerte genutzt. Dabei tritt im Sommer ein Temperaturminimum mit ca. 170 K auf. Im Winter ist die Situation durch Temperaturen von 205 K und starker planetarer Wellenaktivität gekennzeichnet. Desweiteren konnte eine Klimatologie für die ganz-, halbtägigen und 8-stündigen Gezeiten erstellt werden. / Since August 2004 a SKiYMET meteor-Radar is operated at the geophysical Observatory Collm, Germany (51.3° N, 13° E). The radar provides a continuous time series of temperature and wind measurements. The bases for this method is a steady flux of meteors entering the earth’s atmosphere. In an altitude between 75-105 km they form a cylindrical plasma trail, which reflects radar signals. Hence the system can determine the positions of the meteors, which are used to estimate mesopause region temperatures. For the diagram of the seasonal change we used daily mean temperatures. The summer shows a temperature minimum with 170 K. During the Winter we observed temperatures about 205 K and a stronger planetary wave activity. Another part was the generation of a climatology for the diurnal, semidiurnal und terdiurnal tide.
17

The calculation of a wind climatology of the Erzgebirge

Hinneburg, Detlef 25 October 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Ausgangspunkt für die Berechnung klimatologisch gemittelter Windgeschwindigkeiten ist die mesoskalige Simulation atmosphärischer Strömungsereignisse, die von der geostrophischen Windgeschwindigkeit gesteuert werden. Der geostrophische Wind wird in 8 Richtungssektoren und Betragsklassen zu je 5m/s eingeteilt, so daß für jeden Sektor bis zu 7 Simulationen auszuführen waren. Die Simulationen wurden mit dem nicht-hydrostatischen Modell GESIMA für eine adiabatisch geschichtete Atmosphäre durchgeführt. Die statistische Mittelung der berechneten Werte erfolgte mit Hilfe einer 10-jährigen Häufigkeitsverteilung des 850hPa-Windes der Radiosondenmessungen von Prag. Ein Vergleich mit den Beobachtungswerten einiger Bodenstationen ergibt Abweichungen bis zu lm/s über höheren Bergen. / Starting from the classification of the geostrophic wind into 8 sectors each of them splitted up into 7 classes by 5m/s, simulations with the non-hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model GESIMA were performed assuming adiabatic stratification of the atmosphere for each class. The climatologically averaged wind velocities are obtained by the folding with a ten-years frequency distribution of the geostrophic wind measured by the radio sonde station of Prague. Wind velocities observed at some surface stations indicate, that the simulated values can deviate from them by up to lm/s on high mountains.
18

Comparisons of VHF meteor radar observations in the middle atmosphere with multiple independent remote sensing techniques.

McIntosh, Daniel L. January 2010 (has links)
This thesis describes the development, modification and refinement of a high-powered hybrid Stratospheric Tropospheric (ST)/meteor radar at the University of Adelaide’s Buckland Park (BP) field station. This thesis also describes the process of statistically comparing results obtained from multiple co-located independent measurement sources. Also included are statistical comparisons made between meteor radars at BP,Darwin, Northern Territory, and Davis Station, Antarctica, with other independent sources of measurement. Previous meteor radar systems have generally been low powered (∼8 kW peak) and as such could only afford low count rates at frequencies of the order of 50 MHz. While it has been shown that the echo detection rate is inversely proportional to frequency to the power of 1.5, the use of lower VHF frequencies within Australia is restricted by government regulations. As such, this has lead to the development of a high powered meteor radar system at 55 MHz which has served to facilitate higher echo rates at this frequency. The aim of improving the echo rate is to improve the statistical accuracy of results generated by the meteor technique. Also presented are descriptions of the meteor radar systems used to provide the data for this study and the basic principles of the meteor technique. Basic descriptions of the other systems and the techniques used to provide data for comparison are also presented. Two key components in the development of the high-powered meteor system are the high-powered all-sky crossed-dipole transmit antenna and the high-powered 1:2 splitter-combiner required to drive the antenna. The antenna was designed using standard equations for Yagi-Uda antenna design found in literature and modeled using the EZNEC modeling programe. After successful modeling, the antenna was prototyped and refined into a low powered version to investigate the antenna’s performance characteristics. Once the performance of the antenna was verified, the process of upgrading the antenna to handle the full output power from a VTX transmitter was performed. This upgrade also spawned the design and development of the highpowered 1:2 splitter-combiner which would be used to feed the high-powered version of the antenna. The successful operation of the high-powered system over several periods of observation has allowed for a more in-depth investigation into the statistical reliability of the meteor technique. Along with the comparison of standard atmospheric parameters, i.e. temperatures and wind velocity, the high-powered system has allowed for the verification of the relationship between echo rate and radar parameters found by McKinley, which is frequently referred to in many papers dealing with meteor observations. Along with the comparisons made with the results from the high-powered meteor radar system at BP, comparisons of atmospheric parameters derived from meteor observations and other techniques were made at Davis Station and Darwin. Of particular interest is the unique comparison of atmospheric winds made at Davis between two independent meteor radar systems and a Medium Frequency (MF) radar. Previous comparison studies have only enjoyed the benefit of having two independent sources of measurement to compare and as such have not allowed for a unique solution to be obtained for the uncertainties of the techniques using the method of Hocking et al. [2001]. Davis Station is unique in that it has two independent meteor radars in addition to a MF radar. This has enabled for the reduction in the number of degrees of freedom in the statistical comparison process, and as such has allowed for unique solutions to be determined for the uncertainties when comparing two independent techniques; i.e. meteor and MF wind comparisons. Atmospheric temperatures in the Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric (MLT) region were determined through the use of meteor diffusion coefficients and derived atmospheric pressure models at Davis Station, BP and Darwin. Comparisons are made between the meteor technique and other co-located independent measurements. These include; airglow, satellite and falling sphere measurements at Davis Station, airglow and two independent satellite measurements at BP and two independent satellite observations at Darwin. This thesis as a whole demonstrates the successful operation of the highpowered ST/meteor hybrid radar at BP. It also demonstrates the successful comparisons of MLT winds and temperatures made between meteor radar and other independent sources of MLT measurements. The validation of using the high-powered meteor radar at BP coupled with the successful comparison of atmospheric parameters derived using the meteor technique and other forms of MLT observations serves to re-affirm the statistical accuracy and benefit of the meteor technique in observations of the MLT region. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1474902 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, 2010
19

Regionale Unterschiede der Schallimmission durch den Einfluss von Wind und Temperatur

Wilsdorf, Michael, Ziemann, Astrid, Balogh, Kati 23 March 2017 (has links) (PDF)
In dieser Studie wird ein Verfahren näher erläutert, welches im Rahmen einer Projektbearbeitung für die Bundeswehr entwickelt worden ist. Dieses Verfahren prognostiziert die Ausbreitung von Schießlärm unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Einflüsse meteorologischer Verhältnisse (Schallwetter) und ermöglicht so die Prognose erhöhter Lärmbelastungen. Weiterhin ist mit diesem Verfahren auch eine regionale Einteilung eines Gesamtgebietes in schallklimatologisch ähnliche Teilgebiete möglich. Eine solche Untersuchung erfolgt durch die Analyse von Schalldruckpegeldämpfungskarten für eine Vielzahl von Atmosphärenstrukturen. Im Wesentlichen stützt sich das Verfahren dabei auf zwei Komponenten, auf das Schallausbreitungsmodell SMART (Sound propagation model of the atmosphere using ray-tracing) und das Anwendungstool MetaVIS (Meteorological attenuation visualization). Mit Hilfe des Modells SMART werden Schalldruckpegeldämpfungen berechnet, welche dann prognostische Aussagen zur Lärmbelastung an einem Ort zulassen. Die Darstellungssoftware MetaVIS bietet schließlich die Möglichkeit, eine aktuelle Schallausbreitungssituation analysieren und bewerten zu können. Die Bewertung kann aufgrund einer umfangreichen Datenbibliothek erfolgen. Nach Beendigung des Projektes kann dieses Verfahren vom Auftraggeber zu einer bewerteten ortsabhängigen Schallausbreitungsprognose unter Einbeziehung meteorologischer Parameter genutzt werden. / In this study a method will be specified, which is developed in line of a project work for the Bundeswehr. This method predicts the propagation of shooting noise in particular consideration of the effects of meteorological conditions (weather of sound) and so allows the prediction of increased noise levels. Furthermore, with this method a regional classification of an area like Germany in sound climatologically similarly areas is possible by analysing maps of sound level attenuation for a multiplicity of structure of the atmosphere. Basically the method bases on two parts, a model of sound propagation SMART (Sound propagation model of the atmosphere using ray-tracing) and an application software Meta-VIS (Meteorological attenuation visualization). By means of SMART the attenuation of the sound level will be calculated which approves statements about noise exposure at a certain place. The visualisation software MetaVIS offers finally the chance to analyse and to evaluate a present situation of sound propagation. The estimation can be carried out as a result of a large library of data. Upon completion of the project, the method will be used by the customer to predict the sound propagation dependent on location, namely with inclusion of meteorological parameters.
20

Building integrated wind energy

Wang, Jialin January 2013 (has links)
In considering methods of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide; there is a growing interest for use of wind power at domestic building in U.K. But the technology of wind turbines development in building environment is more complicated than in open areas. Small wind turbines in suburban areas have been reported as having unsatisfactory energy output, but it is not clear whether this is due to insufficient wind resource or low turbine efficiency. The aim of this research is to discover whether the wind resource in suburban areas is large enough for small wind turbines to produce a useful energy output.Historical wind data and manufacturers' turbine characteristics were used to estimate the hourly wind speed and energy output for different U.K. cities, terrain zones and turbines. It was found that for turbines at 10 m height in suburban areas and depending on city, the annual wind energy conversion efficiency ranged from about 20 to 40%, while the number of turbines required to produce the annual average electricity consumption of a UK dwelling ranged from about 6 for the smallest turbine (5.3 m² rotor area) to about 1 for the largest (35.26 m² rotor area).This analysis was based on average conditions, but the wind speed near buildings can vary considerably from one point to another. In order to predict the performance of wind turbines more accurately, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of suburban areas was simulated in both CFD and wind tunnel models, and models of groups of semi-detached and terraced houses were set in this ABL. It was found that at 10 m height in the area of the houses, the turbulence intensity was too high for satisfactory operation of wind turbines (19 to 35%) while the mean velocity at different points ranged from 86 to 108% of the 10m reference velocity. At 30m height the turbulence intensity was satisfactory (less than 19 %), while the mean velocity ranged from 92 to 103 % of the 30 m reference velocity. It is concluded that for wind turbines in suburban areas, at 10 m height the wind speed is too low and the turbulence is too high for satisfactory performance, while at 30 m height the wind speed is much higher and the turbulence is low enough.

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