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Far from upholding the domestic ideal of the Victorian Era, the Moorhead Woman’s Club helped establish the first public library in the city and strove for changes in education through active engagement in the public “sphere.” The club women, helped women gain a foothold in local government by applying maternalistic arguments for women’s involvement and leadership in reform activities.

Thesis (M.L.S.)--Texas Woman's University, Denton. / Includes bibliographical references.

Actuellement interprétée par des musiciens spécialisés, la musique du Moyen Âge subit un processus de décontextualisation et de recontextualisation qui la mène du cloître ou du château vers la salle de spectacle. Cette thèse tente d’approcher cette problématique par le biais de l’analyse. En prenant l’exemple de Rose tres bele, création pluridisciplinaire de l’ensemble Diabolus in Musica, il s’agit de comprendre comment les spécificités musicales et poétiques d’un pan du répertoire médiéval, en l’occurrence la lyrique féminine en langue d’oïl, induisent une organisation spécifique des différents éléments du spectacle, en particulier les corps et le dispositif dans lequel ils prennent place.Le premier chapitre présente le matériau médiéval, poèmes, musiques, images, utilisé dans le spectacle.Le second chapitre en décrit le déroulement, sous-tendu par les poèmes chantés, dont les textes constituent un véritable fil conducteur pour la représentation. Leur analyse permet de distinguer des particularités poétiques éclairantes pour le spectacle : celui-ci se fonde sur les lieux communs de la poésie courtoise ainsi que sur la notion bien particulière de personnage que celle-ci construit. Cette analyse littéraire débouche, au troisième chapitre, sur une analyse du spectacle proprement dit, notamment en ce qui concerne la relation texte-image. Le quatrième chapitre envisage les enjeux esthétiques de la pluridisciplinarité dans cette création. Il revient notamment sur la question du corps et de son rapport à l’écriture. Le cinquième chapitre retrace la filiation médiévalisante de Rose tres bele, dans une perspective allant du XIIIème au XXIème siècle en passant par le XIXème. / Medieval Music, currently performed by specialist musicians, undergoes a process of decontexutalization and recontextualization. This PHD attempts to approach such problematics through analysis. Rose tres bele is a newly devised pluridisciplinary show by the ensemble Diabolus in Musica that presents one aspect of the Medieval repertoire, the female voice in langue d’oil Medieval lyric. Through its case study, this thesis tries to understand the ways in which the specific musical and poetic elements of this genre induce a specific organization of the different performance elements, particularly in terms of physicality and of the configuration the physical bodies take in space. The first chapter introduces the medieval material: poems, music, images used in performance. The second chapter gives the show’s structure, underpinned by the sung poems, whose texts establish a real narrative line for the performance. The analysis of these poems allows one to single out characteristic poetic elements that shed some insight into the performance. The performance is based on the conventions of courtly poetry, as well as on the specific notions of characterization this poetry expresses. This literary analysis leads to an analysis, in the third chapter, of the show itself, particularly as far as the text-image relationship is concerned. The fourth chapter considers the aesthetic issues raised by this devised show’s pluridisciplinarity. The chapter goes back, notably, to the question of physicality and its relationship to writing. The fifth chapter retraces the origins of Rose tres bele’s Medieval aesthetic, in an overview that goes from 13th. to 21rst century and includes 19th. century.

Thesis (M.A.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-85).

This thesis is a critical review of educated women’s leadership in their emancipation in Ethiopia. Did they provide leadership and to what extent? It is to be noted that educated women’s leadership has been of great importance to women’s emancipation worldwide. Strong leadership was also the driving force behind women’s movements and feminism everywhere. However, the role of educated women in Ethiopia is hard to discern and their leadership efforts are largely invisible. On the other hand, many among the educated also lack the passion and desire to commit themselves in the fight for women’s emancipation. In this thesis I researched the settings and frameworks of women’s leadership and discussed the factors that function as limitations and/or opportunities. Overall there were more limitations than opportunities. These limitations are often historically rooted in the country’s religious, cultural, economic, political and traditional systems. And, as much as history and religion can be a source of strength and pride for many, they can also be a serious obstacle. The political regime of the Derg also scarred an entire population to the extent that despite the currently proclaimed ‘freedom’ of the EPRDF ruling party, women remain reluctant to step forward and claim their rights. The ruling party appears to appropriate women’s emancipation as a “private” interest and to use it for political gain, in the same manner as the Derg regime had done before it. Nowhere is there any sign of genuine freedom and equality for women in practice. Rhetoric reigns supreme through laws and policy documents, but they are not matched by genuine actions and concrete strategies. The traditional religious base of society is also making it more difficult to challenge autocratic tendencies of the ruling elite. The effect is that civil society is slowly being pushed to extinction, leaving the ruling party in charge as the main actor in all public services. This has serious consequences for the genuine emancipation of women in the country. The thesis finds that women’s leadership is not a luxury or personal demand, but a crucial step for the development of the country at large. It is encouraging to note that there are different sections of active women in the country waiting for strong leadership, leadership that can unite them into a movement and guide them on their unique emancipation paths. After all, it is only women themselves who, with their existing epistemic advantage, can transform their situation and change their status. / Sociology / (D.Litt. et Phil.(Sociology))

This dissertation consists of two parts. Part I deals with analyses of the textstructure, the content and the possible sources of GKS. 1657. Part II is a critical edition of manuscript GKS 1657 in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. The manuscript dates from the 15th century and is written in the southern Dutch dialect of Brabant but with touches of Flemish. It is an instruction manual for women and deals with pregnancy, childbirth, child-care, menstruation and women's diseases. It is characterized by a frank view on sexuality and shuns value judgements in its attitude towards women. In addition to this neutral, perhaps even progressive attitude, the manuscript also contains scraps of popular magic and cabbala. GKS 1657 is rich in both language and content and provides important documentation of women's culture. In the study GKS 1657 is compared with MS 593, which is from the same period and region. MS 593 also deals with menstruation, women's diseases and, briefly, with childcare, but not with pregnancy and childbirth. Although the subject matter of MS 593 bears in certain parts, a similarity with that of GKS 1657, it is presented differently. MS 593 also lacks the marginal notes indicating that GKS 1657 was in use over a period of 150 - 200 years. The comparison shows the complexity of such manuscripts as well as the inadvisability of attaching simple labels to attitudes in any particular epoch. A major aim of the study is to make manuscript GKS 1657 availible to readers other than those normally interested in medieval texts and to stimulate further interdiscip­linary studies. / digitalisering@umu

This thesis is a critical review of educated women’s leadership in their emancipation in Ethiopia. Did they provide leadership and to what extent? It is to be noted that educated women’s leadership has been of great importance to women’s emancipation worldwide. Strong leadership was also the driving force behind women’s movements and feminism everywhere. However, the role of educated women in Ethiopia is hard to discern and their leadership efforts are largely invisible. On the other hand, many among the educated also lack the passion and desire to commit themselves in the fight for women’s emancipation. In this thesis I researched the settings and frameworks of women’s leadership and discussed the factors that function as limitations and/or opportunities. Overall there were more limitations than opportunities. These limitations are often historically rooted in the country’s religious, cultural, economic, political and traditional systems. And, as much as history and religion can be a source of strength and pride for many, they can also be a serious obstacle. The political regime of the Derg also scarred an entire population to the extent that despite the currently proclaimed ‘freedom’ of the EPRDF ruling party, women remain reluctant to step forward and claim their rights. The ruling party appears to appropriate women’s emancipation as a “private” interest and to use it for political gain, in the same manner as the Derg regime had done before it. Nowhere is there any sign of genuine freedom and equality for women in practice. Rhetoric reigns supreme through laws and policy documents, but they are not matched by genuine actions and concrete strategies. The traditional religious base of society is also making it more difficult to challenge autocratic tendencies of the ruling elite. The effect is that civil society is slowly being pushed to extinction, leaving the ruling party in charge as the main actor in all public services. This has serious consequences for the genuine emancipation of women in the country. The thesis finds that women’s leadership is not a luxury or personal demand, but a crucial step for the development of the country at large. It is encouraging to note that there are different sections of active women in the country waiting for strong leadership, leadership that can unite them into a movement and guide them on their unique emancipation paths. After all, it is only women themselves who, with their existing epistemic advantage, can transform their situation and change their status. / Sociology / (D.Litt. et Phil.(Sociology))

In 1881, Margaret Bartlett of New Orleans crafted the Christian Woman's Exchange using the New York Exchange chapter as a model. Bartlett hoped this new organization would help alleviate at least some of the economic suffering "reduced gentlewomen"faced. Despite the Exchange's original mission to help the elite, the group soon crossed class and racial boundaries in a campaign of conservative activism. The Christian Woman's Exchange helped women provide for their families by training them to produce homemade goods for sale in consignment shops. Simultaneously, working-class women found employment within the Christian Woman's Exchange lunch room and other business ventures. Since the group's consignors had the opportunity to earn wages while remaining at home, and working-class women tied themselves to a respectable business, the accepted societal expectations for all women involved remained intact. In the group's first decade, the Christian Woman's Exchange members managed to maintain the Southern lady veneer while attracting attention from women around the world.

A atividade física possui um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde de mulheres que chegam à Terceira Idade, promovendo o fortalecimento de todo o organismo e prevenindo doenças. Objetivo: verificar em um grupo de mulheres participantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade a motivação para a prática da atividade física, buscando compreender os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a sua adesão. Baseou-se no Modelo de Crenças em Saúde, o qual busca explicar o comportamento humano quanto ao processo saúde/doença de acordo com as variáveis: susceptibilidade, seriedade, benefícios e barreiras percebidas. Amostra: 30 mulheres integrantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Procedimento: a coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira foi aplicado um questionário com questões relacionadas ao conhecimento e percepção a respeito da prática da atividade física, bem como benefícios e barreiras à sua realização. Na segunda etapa as mulheres estudadas registraram em um diário, durante 4 semanas consecutivas, o tipo de atividade realizada e suas justificativas quando não realizada. Conclusões: verificou-se que a prática da atividade física está configurada nas regiões centrais do espaço de vida das mulheres estudadas, sendo que 100% delas a considera importante para a promoção da saúde. Embora os problemas de saúde e os compromissos familiares dos finais de semana tenham sido identificados como barreiras à prática da atividade física, a sua realização foi motivada principalmente pela força de vontade pessoal e pela companhia de outras pessoas durante a sua prática. / The physical activity has a fundamental function in the promotion of the women's health that arrive to the Third Age, promoting the invigoration of the whole organism and preventing diseases. Objective: to verify in a women’s group of the Open University to the Third Age the motivation for the practice of the physical activity, looking for to understand the factors that facilitate and hinder the adhesion. This research is based on the Model of Faiths in Health, which looks for to explain the human behavior as for the process health/disease in agreement with the variables: susceptibility, seriousness, benefits and noticed barriers. Sample: 30 women of the Open University to the Third Age. Procedure: the collection of data was accomplished in two stages. In the first a questionnaire was applied with subjects related to the knowledge and perception regarding the practice of the physical activity, as well as benefits and barriers to this accomplishment. In the second stage the studied women registered in a diary, during 4 consecutive weeks, the type of accomplished activity and their justifications when no accomplished. Conclusions: it was verified that the practice of the physical activity is configured in the central areas of the space of the studied women's life, and 100% of them consider the physical activity important for the promotion of the health. Although the problems of health and the family commitments in the weekends have been identified as barriers to the practice of the physical activity, the accomplishment was motivated mainly by the personal willpower and for the other people's company during this practice.