The problem investigated was to compare the effects of orders of presentation and anchors on the ratings of perceived exertion obtained during bicycle ergometry. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, the following findings were apparent: 1. It was found that there were no significant differences in mean scores of perceived exertion obtained among the orders of presentation, ascending, descending, and random. 2. It was found that the light anchor mean score was significantly greater than those of the heavy or identical anchor. 3. It was found that there were significant differences among the ratings of perceived exertion that may be attributed to changes in work loads. 4. It was found that there were significant differences among the mean scores of ratings of perceived exertion that may be attributed to the interaction of the main effects. As a result of the findings, the following conclusions were deemed appropriate within the limitations of the study: 1. Ratings of perceived exertion in ascending and random order increased proportionately in value as the work load increases. 2. Contrast effects are present in ratings of perceived exertion obtained during bicycle ergometry. 3. The majority of previous findings agree with the present research with respect to anchors and orders of presentation. 4. Light anchors and ascending orders of presentation make work appear to be more strenuous than what it actually is. 5. Heavy anchors and descending orders of presentation make work appear to be less strenuous than what it actually is.

Ho, Pui Yung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-41). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.3 / Work Value Congruence / Study 1 --- p.5 / Methodology / Analysis & Results / Discussions / Study 2 --- p.11 / Background & Hypotheses / Methodology / Results / Discussions / General Discussions --- p.27 / Conclusion --- p.32 / References --- p.34

Current studies in the field of occupational sociology often present the deficiency of regarding workplace and work community as a backdrop, in front of which workers perform their duties. The two elements have not been receiving the attention they deserve. In light of this, this thesis argues that instead of merely setting the scene for investigation, workplace and work community are crucial and deciding factors in the construction of work identity. During the process, the influence of clients, including supervisors, peers and customers also comes in and participates in portraying this identity. Employing data collected through personal work experience, participant observation and in-depth interviews in commercial kitchens, this thesis advocates a conceptual model to explain the impact of these elements during the construction of work identity, and the dynamics among them therein. In terms of research method, this is also a demonstration of the importance of "going back to the workplace" when conducting similar researches under the auspice of occupational sociology. / Fung Yat-chung. / "December 2004." / Adviser: Lui Tai-lok. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: A, page: 0356. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-202). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

In this study, an integrated model was proposed to examine the impact of emotional labor on quality of work life and psychological health among Chinese employees. Compared to other emotional labor models, this model considered the influence of perceived service culture as an antecedent of perceived organizational emotion control (i.e., display rules and performance monitoring). Apart from surface acting and deep acting, it also incorporated an alternative emotional regulation strategy, namely authentic self, to cope with the organizational emotion control. The integrated model included emotional expressivity as an individual factor that might influence the emotional regulation process. Two studies were conducted to examine the validity of the model. In Study 1, 486 Chinese service employees, including call center representatives, retail shop managers, human service workers, and local registered nurses were recruited. Path analysis was used to examine if the integrated model fit the cross-sectional data and results showed satisfactory model fit. A series of hierarchal regression analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of emotional expressivity. Instead of the hypothesized moderating effect, there were significant main effects of emotional expressivity on emotional regulation strategies. Considering the significant association between these variables, the integrated model was further revised by incorporating the emotional expressivity as an individual factor of emotional regulation strategies. Multi-sample path model analyses showed that the model was equally applicable in both gender groups for job and health outcomes. Result of the cross-sectional model showed that perceived service culture was directly related to both perceived display rules and performance monitoring. While perceived performance monitoring and authentic self were associated with surface acting, perceived display rule was in turn related to deep acting. Emotional expressivity was related to authentic self. Quality of work life was associated with surface acting and deep acting. This model could also be applied to understand psychological distress. / Study 2 was conducted to provide additional support to the integrated model, including an emotional expressivity training program and a longitudinal validation on the emotional regulation strategies model. In the emotional expressivity training program, 155 participants who had completed the questionnaire survey in Study 1 were recruited. Among them, 131 participants had joined a half-day emotional expressivity training program while 24 participants were assigned into the control group. The objective of the program was to enhance participants' positive expressivity and reduce negative expressivity and impulse strength. Results showed that the training was effective in maintaining participants' authentic self. In particular, authentic self did not change across time among training group. However, authentic self in the control group decreased significantly 3 months after the training program (T2) when it was compared to the pre-training period. In the longitudinal validation study, a longitudinal model was devised to measure changes on emotional expressivity at T1 and T2 and its relations to emotional regulation strategies among the training group (n = 131). The significant associations between perception of service culture, organizational emotion control, and emotional regulation strategies in Study 1 were also found in Study 2. Quality of work life at T2 was related to surface acting at T2 and quality of work life at TI. The longitudinal model was also applied to predict psychological distress. Deep acting, surface acting, and emotional expressivity at T2 as well as psychological distress at TI were significantly related to psychological distress at T2. Limitations, suggestions for future research, and practical implication to organizations are discussed in Chapter 6. / Cheung Yue Lok. / "July 2006." / Adviser: Catherine S. K. Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1970. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 172-189). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Yong, Chi King. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.i / Chinese version --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of content --- p.V / Lists of tables --- p.vii / Lists of figures --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Overview of job and occupation embeddedness --- p.3 / Composite measure of job embeddedness and global measure of job embeddedness --- p.12 / Age as possible moderator of relations between embeddedness and intention to change --- p.13 / Literature review on socioemotional selectivity theory --- p.14 / "Super´ةs life-span, life-space model" --- p.15 / Change in intellectual abilities across age --- p.16 / Possible age differences in job and occupational embeddedness --- p.17 / Present study --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.21 / Participants --- p.21 / Measures --- p.22 / Procedure --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.28 / Evidence of construct validity of composite job and occupational embeddedness --- p.28 / Structural equation modeling analyses --- p.35 / Global job and occupational embeddedness --- p.39 / Age moderation effect --- p.40 / Age differences analysis --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.51 / General findings --- p.51 / Limitations --- p.54 / Future research --- p.55 / Implications --- p.56 / References --- p.58 / Footnotes --- p.63

Wong, Yuen Shan Noel. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-66). / Abstracts in English and Chinese, appendix also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Content --- p.v / Lists of Tables --- p.vii / Lists of Figures --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Overview of Emotional Labor --- p.3 / Antecedents of Emotional Labor --- p.4 / Consequences of Emotional Labor --- p.6 / Moderators --- p.9 / Moderating Effects on the Display Rule-Emotion Regulation Relations --- p.12 / Emotional stability and extraversion --- p.14 / Person-job fit and person-organization Fit --- p.18 / Moderating Effects on the Emotion Regulation-Negative Outcomes Relations --- p.21 / Emotional stability and extraversion --- p.22 / Person-job fit and person-organization Fit --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- METHOD --- p.28 / Participants --- p.28 / Measures --- p.29 / Analysis Plan --- p.32 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- RESULTS --- p.35 / Descriptive Analyses --- p.35 / Structural Equation Modeling --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.48 / Moderating Effects on the Display Rules-Deep Acting Relation --- p.48 / Moderating Effects on the Display Rules-Surface Acting Relation --- p.52 / Moderating Effects on the Emotion Regulation-Outcomes Relations --- p.53 / Common Method Variance --- p.53 / Limitations --- p.55 / Implications --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- CONCLUSION --- p.58 / References --- p.59 / Appendix --- p.67

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, for the Degree of Master of Arts. / Increasingly complex technology in modern times has changed the nature of many work activities. Mechanisation and automation have served to emphasise the importance of mental workload to productivity, physicaI and mental health. The study uses a simulated routine office stocktaking task to compare subjective experiences of mental workload between traditional pen and paper methods and the more recently developed computer techniques. An analysis is also made of assessments of difficulty by subjects free to adopt a working method of their choice (ie. in a flexible environment) and subjects whohave no freedom of working method (ie. a rigid externally imposed working strategy). Also included is an analysis of the cognitive strategies adopted during task performance and across the different t.reatmerrt conditions. Research findings are of particular relevance to the design of jobs in the modern office environment where human-computer interaction is becoming increasingly prevalent, the effective design of man-machine systems, and to the general field of workload research. / AC2018

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