Between 1980 and 2000, mortality rates of children under the age of five and maternal mortality ratios declined across sub-Saharan Africa. During the same period, Kenya's mortality rates continued to rise until 2005 when the Kenyan Ministry of Health (MOH) introduced the Kenya Essential Package for Health (KEPH) in an effort to reverse its declining health indicators. The KEPH defined six service delivery levels which included the new community level, also known as level one. The Ministry of Health's plan for delivering services at the community level, known as the Community Health Strategy (CHS), called for the creation of Community Health Workers (CHWs) which the MOH hoped would produce the expected outcomes of the CHS. CHWs would be trained volunteers that were both members of the community they would serve, and selected by their community. Their training would allow them to recognize health problems, provide basic first aid, refer patients with serious problems to health facilities, conduct surveys, maintain records, provide education, and distribute supplies. In 2010, the Division of Community Health Services released an evaluation of the relevance, efficiency, and sustainability of the community health strategy. Their results showed that CHWs could produce many of the CHS's expected outcomes. In 2013, researchers from the Boston University School of Public Health and Moi University resolved to conduct a cross-sectional study for the Kenyan Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation to assess the effectiveness of the CHWs in Kajiado County. The county faced numerous health challenges and an overburdened health system. Data collection was completed over a seven-day period in June of 2013 by fourteen teams. Data was collected from 12 communities located in the areas of Rombo, Entonet, and Central Divisions of the Loitokitok sub-county within Kajiado County in rural South Kenya. Six of the selected communities had CHWs mobilized and were the intervention communities. Six communities had no registered CHWs and served as the controls. Eligibility to participate in the study was limited to permanent members of randomly selected households that housed at least one child less than five years of age and no active CHWs. Mothers of children less than five years of age were the preferred respondents. The primary and secondary outcomes were selected to address as many of the CHS's expected outcomes as possible. In an effort to compensate for the study's cross-sectional design, results were analyzed by stratifying them by each community's proximity to a hospital, the time since the CHW's last visit, and the respondent's knowledge of their CHW's name. Data was collected from 316 households, half of which were from intervention communities, and was entered into CSPro 5.0 before being exported to EpiInfo 7.1.1 for analysis. Analysis of the results suggests that the Community Health Strategy has been largely ineffective at producing its expected outcomes in Kajiado County as communities with active community health workers typically did not fare significantly better than non-CHW communities. The CHS was not entirely unsuccessful however, as mothers in CHW communities were significantly more likely to give birth at a health facility (PR: 1.41; CI: 1.15-1.72) than in non-CHW communities. Results also indicated that a community's proximity to a hospital could be a confounder in the relationship between a community's CHW status and health outcomes. The success of CHWs may have been masked by their tendency to visit households with worse health indicators more frequently.

INTRODUCTION: Community health workers are a growing and developing portion of the healthcare workforce. They have proven successes in decreasing healthcare inequities for many common chronic medical conditions, such as asthma, and have secured support at the Department of Health and Human Services. One common medical condition for which community health workers have not yet been explored as a resource is pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. We sought to investigate what the literature showed on community health workers' involvement in ADHD treatments thus far, and to specifically investigate which ADHD behavioral parent training program could best be adapted to a pilot study where community health workers were the intervention delivery agents. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature on evidence based behavioral parent training programs for children with ADHD. Parent training interventions were compared for ease of application to a community health worker home-visit model. Program ability to successfully reduce child behavior problems and improve parenting practices was analyzed. RESULTS: 8 full text articles were analyzed in depth and grouped by intervention type. 1 article was a sports-based intervention for fathers, 1 was meant to improve attendance rates, 1 was a combined child-targeted and parent-targeted Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) therapy, 2 were based on the "New Forest Parenting Package", and 3 were based on Barkley's 1997 manualized BPT. DISCUSSION: Evidence exists for the ability of community health workers to deliver a behavioral therapy to families of children with ADHD, specifically behavioral parent training. Barkley's manualized BPT had the best combination in our study of positive outcomes for families and ease of adaptability to in-home delivery. We recommend a pilot study be conducted using a modified version of Barkley's BPT and have community health workers as the delivery agents to begin to see what role community health workers can play in the treatment of pediatric ADHD.

This article develops the theme of job security, from the viewpoint of unfair or arbitrary dismissal. The author proposes an unemployment insurance funded by employers to the detriment of dismissal is compensated not only with the payment of compensation; foregoing the right to work wherever equivalent to compliance with the labor law institutions as freedom of association. / El presente artículo desarrolla el tema de la estabilidad laboral, desde el enfoque del despido injusto o arbitrario. El autor propone un seguro por desempleo, financiado por los empleadores con el fin de que el perjuicio del despido sea resarcido no solo con el pago de una indemnización; lo anterior siempre que sea equivalente al respeto de las instituciones de derecho laboral como la libertad sindical y sobretodo el derecho al trabajo.

At the current time Sweden is, like many other countries, characterized by a variation of different cultural and ethnical groups. Previous research has concluded that there are some difficulties among social workers who work with child protection cases to identify whether something is child abuse or whether it is the upbringing influenced by the culture within the ethnical group. How child protection cases with families of a foreign ethnicity is treated in relation to child protection cases with families of a Swedish ethnicity is therefor of interest – as well as this study’s primary inquiry. To find answers to this, two different vignettes were created where the only significant difference were the families’ names. In the first vignette the name of the family was of Swedish ethnicity, and in the second the name of the family was of foreign ethnicity. The vignettes were sent in the form of web surveys to social workers who work with child protection cases. The surveys were answered by 17 respectively 22 social workers. The result was then presented in the form of descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis. It showed more similarities than differences in the social workers assessments. The few differences that could be identified were found mainly in the way the social workers categorized their concern for the child.

We study interdependencies in spousal labor supply and the effectiveness of intrahousehold insurance in a sample of married couples, where the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure using data from the Austrian Social Security Database. We show that in our sample of relatively young couples the shock hits households at crucial stages of family formation, which requires careful modeling of the wives' counterfactual lifecycle labor market patterns. In our empirical analysis, we propose three independent control groups of unaffected households to identify the causal effects of husbands' displacement on wives' labor supply. Our empirical results show that husbands suffer large and persistent employment and earnings losses over the first 5 years after displacement. But wives' labor supply increases only moderately and they respond predominantly at the extensive margin. The implied participation elasticity with respect to the husband's earnings shock is very small, about -0:04. While the wives' earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss, public transfers and taxes are a more important insurance at least in the short run. In terms of non-labor market related outcomes, we find a small positive effect on the probability of divorce, but no effect of the husband's job displacement on fertility. The presence and ages of children in the household are crucial determinants of the wife's labor supply response. The most responsive group are mothers, who are planning to return to the labor market after a maternity break, while mothers of very young children or wives without children remain unresponsive. We thus conclude that Austria's strong gender identity norms are an explanation for the limited scope of intra-household insurance.

This thesis contains both theoretical knowledge and empiric research. Since one complements another, the aim of this study is to deeper explore the motivation and values of male and female social workers for employment in social work. The theorethical part of this study defines values, their function, formation and place in society. It describes the term motivation, its development, various models and factors and also focuses on the concept of social work, its objectives, activities, competences and typologies of social worker. Finally, the study points out the role of gender, the differences in boys and girls socialization, the gender aspect in our society and whether this aspect is reflected in field of social work. The purpose of this study is to research the values and motivation of social workers (men) and social workers (women) for employment in social work.

The work deals with the current theme, which is the expertise of social workers in contemporary society. It responds not only to the changing requirements of the qualification requirements, but also to emerging professional organization of social workers, changes in education and in other structures of society. The goal is to put together a "picture" of a competent social worker for today's society. The work appears in data obtained by the project team Gaju 117/2013 / H.

In Social Work, the term paradigm is used to express a specific perspective on the discipline. There are multiple paradigms in Social Work. They are not in a hierarchical relationship to each other, rather they coexist as alternatives. In contrast, the term paradigm as introduced by Thomas Khun and used in science, assumes the existence and superiority of one the newest paradigm. This thesis discusses similarities and differences in formulating paradigms in Social Work and science. It uses the concept of social functioning to describe and explain paradigms in Social Work.

Lifelong education represents an important theme much discussed by the today's society, which was one of the reasons for choosing the topic of the diploma thesis. The present diploma thesis titled "Approaches of social workers to lifelong education" is divided into two parts: the theoretical part provides a summary of the existing knowledge contained in various literatures related both to lifelong education and education in general. The other, research part concentrates on the objective of the research, the methodology applied, characteristics of the research group, processing and evaluation of data and discussion. The theoretical part is engaged in defining the term of lifelong education, legislation in education, the development of lifelong education. Furthermore, it explores key documents associated with the analysed areas of lifelong education, structural funds and Community programmes, human potential, human resources and human capital. The theoretical part consists of a chapter dealing with the system of initial education, involving formal, non-formal and informal education and further education. The following section of the theoretical part focuses on social workers, who, in compliance with Act No. 108/2006 Coll., on Social Services, as amended, are obligated to pursue further education in order to improve, complement and refresh their qualification. The other section of the theoretical part is concerned with prerequisites for performing the profession of social workers, their further education, accreditation of educational facilities and programmes. The objective of this diploma thesis is outlined in the research part: Determination of approaches of social workers in the South Bohemian Region to the set-up of education in social work. In connection with the objective of the thesis, the following hypothesis was stipulated:The approach of social workers is more positive as to lifelong education directed at practice than theoretical education. To confirm the above hypothesis, a zero hypothesis was established, assuming that, within the final basic group of social workers in the South Bohemian Region, 75% of social workers has a more positive approach to practice-directed education and 25% of social workers has a more positive approach to theoretical education. The research part, in the framework of this diploma thesis, was effected in form of a quantitative research. The required data were derived by the method of interrogation, a questionnaire technique. The prepared questionnaire consisted of 27 questions in total. Closed, semi-closed and open questions were used. The questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to email addresses of facilities and their individual employees. The research group consisted of social workers employed in social services in the South Bohemian Region. The resulting data were assessed and processed by means of contingent tables and graphs in Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Values gained by the research were processed statistically. To verify the hypotheses regarding the structure of the basic research according to one or more indices, Pearson's Chi-Square Test of goodness of fit at the significance level alpha = 0.05 was applied. The research performed within the diploma thesis, supported by the survey based on questionnaires, anwers of the respondents as such and, last but not least, statistical calculations, confirmed the hypothesis that contemplated a more positive approach of social workers to lifelong education aimed at practice. Social workers in the South Bohemian Region taken into consideration, the results of the diploma thesis unquestionably demonstate that social workers prefer practice-directed education. Having assessed all questions in the questionnaire, the author determined the attitudes of social workers as to the set-up of lifelong education in social work and believes that the standpoint of the majority of respondents of lifelong learning is highly positive.

This thesis topic is preventing burnout among social workers in Ceske Budejovice. Currently, the burnout syndrome is struck by the large number of field social workers due to demand of social work and solving difficult situations with clients frequently. I have chosen this topic because it is very big problem nowadays. I also wanted to find out whether social field workers from the Czech Budejovice suffer from this phenomenon, and if so, whether they know the prevention. The work consists of practical and theoretical part. The theoretical part involves six main chapters. The first chapter describes the concept of burnout syndrome, which includes acute and chronic syndrome. The second chapter includes symptoms of burnout syndrome, where I describe physical, emotional, mental exhaustion and stress. The third chapter deals with the stages of burnout, which I describe more in detail. The fourth chapter focuses on risk groups of people that are the most often affected by burnout syndrome. In this chapter I characterize the concept of personality and describe the symptoms of burnout within the personality. In the fifth chapter I mention preventing burnout syndrome, furthermore there I describe the basic methods and prevention techniques, which include social networking, preventive measures by the employee as well as by the employer and last but not the least I mention supervision in that chapter. The last, sixth chapter, deals with the field social work in the context of the law on social services, basic principles, methods and procedures of social work are described. I focus on the differences between the field social work and provided social services. In the practical part two goals are set. First one is to determine whether burnout syndrome occurs among field social workers in Ceske Budejovice. The second one is what methods and prevention techniques are used by social workers in Ceske Budejovice in order to prevent burnout syndrome. Based on the objectives set, I chose two research questions. These research questions deal with burnout of social workers in the Ceske Budejovice and furthermore the most common methods and techniques for the prevention of Social Workers in the Czech Budejovice the symptoms of burnout used. In order to realize the practical part I used qualitative research methodology. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interview. The sample consisted of 7 social workers from Ceske Budejovice. I used the technique of purposive sampling research sample. The survey results showed that 4 field workers out of 7 have been experiencing symptoms of burnout syndrome. The most common methods and techniques to prevent burnout of field social workers are devoting their hobbies, social support from family, friends, colleagues, heads of organizations or supervisor. Furthermore, to separate work life from personal life and to set firm boundaries of work, adequate rest and of course supervision. My thesis could be benefit to the general public. Could be beneficial for both social workers, who have been experiencing symptoms of burnout syndrome and want to learn more, as well as for social workers who have met with burnout and want to know the possible methods and techniques in order to prevent burnout syndrome.