Magistro baigiamajame darbe atlikta įmonės UAB "XXX" apyvartinio kapitalo analizė. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu apžvelgta įmonės apyvartinio kapitalo koncepcija ir struktūra. Antroje darbo dalyje pateikta tyrimo metodologija, pasirinkti apyvartinį kapitalą analizuojantys finansiniai rodikliai ir analizuojamas ryšys tarp jų. Trečioje darbo dalyje atliekama įmonės UAB "XXX" analizė ir pateikiama apyvartinio kapitalo poreikio prognozė. / In the master's thesis is conducting an analysis of working capital in a company "XXX" Ltd. In the first part of the master's thesis ir reviewing the theoritical aspects of a company's working capital concept ant structure. In the second part are introducting the methodology of the research and selected financial ratios being used for working capital analysis and researching the relationship between these financial ratios.

A administração do capital de giro está inserida em um contexto de extrema importância na administração das empresas. Constitui, ainda, uma das principais decisões financeiras, considerando que a administração eficiente desses ativos não pode ocorrer sem a análise simultânea dos reflexos e implicações na administração da empresa como um todo. O presente trabalho constitui um estudo aprofundado da administração do capital de giro a partir de modelos de gestão financeira, com enfoque para o Modelo de Necessidade de Investimento em Giro (NIG) ou Modelo de Fleuriet. O objetivo principal é o de determinar e acompanhar as necessidades de investimento em giro na pequena empresa. Alguns modelos se propõem a analisar itens individuais do capital de giro: a gestão de caixa, dos valores a receber, os estoques e as fontes de financiamento a curto prazo. Outros se propõem a analisar esses itens de maneira integrada: os modelos de Walker; Biernam, Chopra e Thomas; Krouse; Knight; Schiff e Lieber; Sartoris e Hill; Kim-Philippatos-Chung; Fleuriet; Assaf e Silva. O objetivo central de todos esses modelos converge para o mesmo ponto: permitir uma utilização de um nível de risco associado e suportado pela empresa. Do ponto de vista metodológico, este estudo funde dois subtipos de pesquisa a saber: o de multicasos exploratória e a descritiva, apresentando-se como uma pesquisa de campo que descreve e mensura as condições financeiras de pequenas empresas a partir da administração do capital de giro buscando a generalização dos resultados. Foram observados as práticas financeiras buscando elementos e informações sobre o problema estudado. A pesquisa identificou alguns fatores que influenciam na gestão eficiente do capital de giro, como: (1) a formação acadêmica dos dirigentes; (2) a utilização de modelos de gestão empresarial; (3) o processo produtivo sob encomenda; (4) a administração dos estoques. Assim, buscou-se traçar um modelo de gestão financeira do capital de giro, analisando a influência desses fatores na determinação das necessidades de investimento em giro na pequena empresa. A pesquisa foi realizada em três pequenas empresas do setor metal-mecânico em São Carlos, SP. O período de coleta foi de janeiro à julho de 2000. Constatou-se que esses fatores, analisados sob uma realidade empresarial, poderia proporcionar a pequena empresa o equilíbrio financeiro de curto prazo necessário para sua segurança financeira, e imprescindível para sua sobrevivência ou permanência num mercado altamente competitivo. / The management of working capital is part of an extremely important context in business management. It constitutes as welI, one of the utmost financial decisions, considering that the efficient management of those assets cannot occur without the simultaneous analysis of their reactions and implications in business management as a whole. The present work constitutes a deepened study on the management of working capital based on financial management models, focusing on the \"Need of Investing in Working Capital Model\" or the \"ModeI of Fleuriet\"; its main purpose being to determine and folIow the needs of the smalI business to invest in working capital. Some models intend to analyze individual parts of the working capital, like cash management, accounts receivable, inventories and sources of short term financing. Other models, like Walker; Bierman; Chopra and Thomas; Krouse; Knight; Schiff and Lieber; Sartoris and HilI; Kim-Philippatos-Chung; Fleuriet; Assaf and Silva analyze those items as an integrated whole. The main objectives of alI those models converge in the same direction: to alIow the utilization of a risk leveI associated with and bearable for the business. From a methodological point of view, this study combines two research subtypes: the multiple case exploration one and the descriptive one. It is presented as a field research that describes and measures the financial conditions of smalI businesses, based on their working capital management, aiming at the generalization of the results. Financial practices were observed looking for elements and information on the stated subject. The research identified some factors that influence the efficient working capital management, such as: (1) the academic preparation of the management; (2) the use of business management models; (3) the commissioned production process; (4) stock management. Therefore, a model of working capital management was intended to be sketched, analyzing the influences of those factors in determining the need for investing in working capital for the smalI businesses. Three smalI businesses in the metal/mechanic sector in Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil were studied for the research, from Janury to July, 2000. It was conc1uded that these factors, analyzed from a business point ofview, could create for the smalI business the short term financial balance necessary for its financial security and essential for its survival in a highly competitive market.

The reasons, why doctoral thesis named ?Competitive advantage based on working capital management during the economical recession period? has been compiled, are indentified as follows: ? Due to existing economical recession there is a deficiency of free foreign capital on the market and the price of capital is rapidly growing. ? There are some companies on the market, which are able to maintain the turnover dynamics and their business results (their ROI ratios) are significantly better than a market average. The two objectives of research have been stipulated: ? To prove whether there is a relation between the value of company?s working capital divided by the total turnover in the current period and the change of company?s turnover in the following period. The change of market value average shall be taken into account. ? To prove whether there is a relation between the company?s most liquid assets (receivables and short-term financial assets) divided by the value of total assets in the current period and company?s ROI ratio in the following period. These objectives have been achieved through extensive theoretical research at first, secondly through evaluation of empirical resources from a survey done based on data from 44 German companies connected with building industry between the years 2004 and 2007 and finally, the analysis and synthesis of these resources. The doctoral thesis clarifies the essential targets of working capital management, methods of company?s working capital optimization and reasons, why effective value of working capital could be seen as a source of company?s competitive advantage during economical recession period. The conclusions have pointed out that there is obvious delay of working capital optimization positive effects onto the company?s turnover dynamics and ROI ratios.

Fifty percent of small businesses fail before attaining their 5-year anniversary. The lack of sufficient working capital is one of the major reasons for small business failure. Pecking order theory was employed as the conceptual framework for this multiple case study to explore the working capital sourcing strategies of 6 purposely selected successful small business owners in the Southeast region of the United States used to sustain their businesses beyond 5 years. Data sources included semistructured interviews and company documents. Data analysis included thematic coding of the material using statistical software. The modified Van Kaam method was used to analyze the interview data. Secondary company documents such as financial reports were analyzed to triangulate findings from the interviews. Based on composite analysis, 6 themes emerged: (a) each of the participating small business owners encountered barriers in sourcing working capital for their businesses, (b) small business leaders used their personal internal sources of funds to start and initially operate their businesses, (c) customers provided a revenue stream to support the working capital needs of small businesses, (d) small business leaders used various bootstrapping measures to support their working capital needs, (e) using strategic and operational planning aids such as completing a business plan assisted business leaders in their working capital sourcing decision-making, and (f) personal credit provided a foundation for obtaining external business credit. The implications for social change include the sustainability of small businesses beyond 5 years, which could lead to the maintaining jobs and assisting small businesses to succeed in stabilizing and potentially increasing incomes for benefiting families and communities.

The relevance of this work consists that possibilities of financial management are still insufficiently studied by working capital of the enterprise and sources of his formation for management of the large industrial companies. In this regard in work are investigated theoretical and methodological bases of management of working capital, the structure of working capital of the PJSC Electrozinc enterprise is analyzed and on this basis problems of management of working capital at the enterprise come to light and concrete ways of their solution are proposed. / Актуальность данной работы состоит в том, что возможности финансового управления оборотным капиталом предприятия и источниками его формирования еще недостаточно изучены для целей управления крупными промышленными компаниями. В связи с этим в работе исследуются теоретическую и методологическую основы управления оборотным капиталом, анализируется структура оборотного капитала предприятия ПАО «Электроцинк» и на этой основе выявляются проблемы управления оборотным капиталом на предприятии и предлагаются конкретные пути их решения.

В современных условиях для обеспечения эффективности деятельности предприятия должна быть правильно рассчитана нормативная величина оборотных активов, которая является одним из факторов повышения конкурентоспособности предприятия и обеспечения его устойчивости. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка методического подхода к обоснованию нормативной величины оборотных средств на предприятии цветной металлургии на основе обоснованных норм и нормативов материально-производственных запасов. В работе рассматривается также вопросы управления оборотным капиталом. В качестве источников использовалась учебно-методическая и научно-исследовательская литература, результаты эмпирических исследований автора и данные корпоративной статистики. Практическая значимость настоящей выпускной квалификационной работы заключается в возможности реализации предложенного автором методического подхода по нормированию оборотных средств предприятия цветной металлургии. / In modern conditions, to ensure the efficiency of the enterprise, the standard value of current assets must be correctly calculated, which is one of the factors for increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise and ensuring its stability. The purpose of the master's thesis is to develop a methodological approach to substantiating the standard value of working capital at a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise on the basis of reasonable norms and standards of material and production stocks. The paper also deals with the issues of working capital management. The sources used were educational, methodological, and research literature, the results of the author's empirical research, and corporate statistics. The practical significance of this final qualification work lies in the possibility of implementing the methodological approach proposed by the author for rationing the working capital of a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise.

With the advent of the Municipal Management Finance Management Act, (Act 56 of 2003), working capital issues have been legislatively forced onto managers’ daily agenda. Municipal finance officials have been given a clear mandate to focus greater attention on issues such as debt and cash management and stricter policies relating to short term credit financing. The MFMA allows for the unlocking of the fiscal powers of a municipality to generate its own income. Research objectivesThisresearch is intended as a pilot study that argues greater focus on and improvement of, working capital procedures would assist a municipality to exploit this fiscal capacity. Other objectives include: - Generate greater interest in this topic amongst researchers. - Identify factors that limit the implementing good working capital policy. - Identify factors the affect the income earning ability of municipalities. - Identify possible best practices benchmarking.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Navy repair activities are social and political as well as financial and technical systems. As systems, their architecture has a controlling effect on their behavior. One factor that works throughout the architecture is the particular funding scheme and the rules, both written and cultural, that any particular scheme brings with it. This paper examines the interaction of funding scheme, as a rules-based force, with the changing architectures of Navy repair activities to try to determine the effect of the funding scheme on the performance of that architecture. It shows that changes to the architecture of the ship maintenance system in the Northwest region have worked together with a conversion of the funding scheme to Mission Funding to improve the decisions that are made within that architecture. / Civilian, Department of the Navy

The goal of my Master's Thesis is to describe the cash flows and profitability of milk and dairy products. The thesis is trying to define the whole process starting with the milk production till the product is bought by the final customer. The calculation of the net working capital of the farmer's cooperation, dairy works and retail stores is also included in my thesis. In this respect, the thesis deals with the problem of return of payables and receivables and the duration of the cash cycle. The thesis also calculates the product margin and profitability of some of the diary products. It focuses on price setting, if it is done according to the specific costs or if it is set by the market. The results of my thesis are based on eleven agricultural companies, six dairy works and three retail markets. A research is also included trying to answer the question weather the dairy products are essential goods, or if demand for them can be influenced by price. This research is based on answers of 85 respondents. The conclusion of this thesis is a fact that margin is not fairy set and the profit is redistributed on the basis of the market strength rather than by the value added. It also confirms the theory, that the closer the company is to the customer, the higher profit it usually makes.

Managing cash flow and cash conversion cycle is a crucial component of the overall financial management within businesses, particularly small businesses. A business is required to maintain a balance between its liquidity and profitability while conducting its day-to-day operations. Monitoring of cash as an indicator of financial health is important in the view of its crucial role within businesses. This requires a business to run an effective working capital management efficiently and profitably. Hence, efficient working capital management includes decisions on how much to invest in customers, inventory and accounts receivable, and the extent of credit to accept from suppliers. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of working capital management on the profitability of small retail business with the Emfuleni Local Municipality. Three variables were used as a measure of working capital management, namely the number of days inventory on hand, number of days accounts payable, number of days account receivable. The return on assets was used to measure profitability. The study adopted the quantitative research approach using a structured questionnaire. A non-probability purposive sampling method was followed, where a total of 222 questionnaires were analysed. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to examine the linear relationship between working capital management and the rate of return on assets. The results indicated that the period it takes the business to collect money from its customers impacts on the period it takes to pay the suppliers. A weak correlation was also reported between the number of days accounts are payable and the cash conversion cycle. Strong correlations also exist between day’s accounts receivable and the cash conversion cycle and days inventory on hand with the cash conversion cycle. Regression analysis results show that days account receivables have made the largest impact on return on assets. Small businesses may have to decrease the cash conversion cycle in order to help maintain value within the business. The number of days for accounts receivable should be reduced to a reasonable period (shorter than the creditor’s payment period). Small businesses may consider shortening the number of days inventory is held within the business, as this also will decrease the cost of obsolete stock.