Guo, Chunlan. / "July 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-186). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix II in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.ix / List of figures --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research background: Female labor migrants in the PRD --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Restriction on women by Confucianism in China --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Restriction on women by state in China --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- The mobility of women in China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research questions and research objectives --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research significance --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the dissertation --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Literature Review: Female Migration, Household， , Labor Market and Feminist Geography" --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Research on female migration --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Female migration and household --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Household model and its critic by feminists --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Examples of studying female labor migration at the scale of household --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Household response to female labor migration --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Thinking and reflection --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Female migration and labor market --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The segmentation in urban labor market and the female labor migration --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- The disadvantage of migrant women in urban labor market --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- The role of agents in female migration --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Female labor migration in China: A product of the economic transformation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- The research of female labor migration and approach of feminist geography --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The assignments of feminist geography --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- The research of feminist geography --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Some weakness of feminist geography --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- The reason for using the methodology of feminist geography --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research framework --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Research issues --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Research framework and flow chat --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data collection --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Fieldwork: to collect the firsthand data --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Observational survey --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interview survey --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Questionnaire Survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Secondary data --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data analysis --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Qualitative methods: interview analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Quantitative methods --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.62 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Female Migration in the Pearl River Delta: Census Data Analysis --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- The scale of female migration in the PRD --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- The distribution of female interprovincial migrants in the PRD --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- The origins of female interprovincial migrants in the PRD --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The 2000 census data of Guangdong volume --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- "The data of 1990 Census, 2000 Census and 2005's 1% survey" --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4 --- The education level and occupation of migrants in the PRD --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5 --- The migration reasons of the female migrants in the PRD --- p.82 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Why Rural Women Want to Migrate Out to Work from the Perspective of Household --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1 --- The filial daughters: migration as a part of the household economic strategy --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2 --- The liberal daughters: migration for individual welfare --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3 --- The dilemma factory mothers: as a sacrifice of the dual economic development system --- p.96 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion about the three models of rural women in migration --- p.100 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- How Migration Affects the Lives of Rural Women at the Scale of Household --- p.103 / Chapter 6.1 --- The changing marital form --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2 --- The status of the female labor migrants in household --- p.107 / Chapter 6.3 --- Relation with other family members --- p.111 / Chapter 6.4 --- Rethinking the family member relationship under the split-household strategy --- p.115 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Female Labor Migrants in Urban Labor Market in the Pearl River Delta --- p.118 / Chapter 7.1 --- The participation of female migrants in the labor market of the PRD --- p.118 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- The time of female migrants' participation in urban labor market --- p.118 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- The channel of urban labor market participation of the female migrants: the role of social network --- p.121 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- The high frequency of changing jobs by female labor migrants --- p.124 / Chapter 7.2 --- The status of female migrants in urban labor market --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Job accessibility: easier for girls than boys --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Different wage by gender discrimination in factory? --- p.129 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- The status of the female migrants in the factory --- p.133 / Chapter 7.3 --- The future of female migrants in urban labor market --- p.135 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- The evaluation of working in the PRD --- p.135 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- The departure of female migrants from the urban labor market --- p.136 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- The cycle of a line girl in urban labor market --- p.139 / Chapter 7.4 --- Summary --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.144 / Appendix --- p.151 / Appendix I List of interviewees --- p.151 / Appendix IIA sample of questionnaire --- p.153 / "Appendix III The input, output and error of estimating female migration flow with the approach of maximizing entropy- the case of 1990 census data 一" --- p.166 / Bibliography --- p.176

This is a qualitative study of women and change in the coalfields and nearby mining areas of Southwest Virginia in the Central Appalachian mountains, a peripheral region in a core country at the end of the twentieth century. Intensive interviews with working-class women in grassroots associations explicate women’s experiences in the intersection of social structures of class, gender, and Appalachian ethnicity. Conditions and positions of marginalization are explored through analysis of women’s lives in the family, through work, and in communities. The study also examines grassroots associations as contexts for empowerment, and how women struggle for development and change. A grounded theory of empowerment as a process of coming to personal autonomy through political community is presented as an alternative to the economism and individualism of conventional women in development analysis. / Ph. D.

Broad changes in early-modern English society were often reflected in the community via a 'war of words'. A close investigation of the social circumstances of individuals and of the relationships between individuals who were caught up in verbal crime provides a detailed context or 'micro-history' of this phenomenon, which in turn sheds light on the socio-economic changes occurring in the Northwest during this period. Since crimes associated with speech increased fourfold between 1580-1680, an investigation of the symbolic domain of speech is important to an understanding of early-modern society. This includes an investigation of chiding, cursing and scolding. In this thesis, the sources of female power in the early-modern community are examined, as well as the dynamics of ill-will behind female verbal crime. Such crimes are researched from manuscripts of proceedings in the local church courts and quarter sessions, which often provide insights into the popular politics of early-modern towns. By examining such texts, we may access a 'micro-history' of gossip that contributes to the debate over such micro-historical questions as gender, social politics and female social space. Networks of power and factional divisions with the community are revealed by exploring the attitudes of those involved in cases of female verbal crime, since individuals from every walk of life appeared in order to give evidence / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Built in 1880, George Pullman's railroad car manufacturing town was intended to be a model of industrial order. This Gilded Age capitalist's ideal image of working class women is reflected in the publicly prescribed place for women in the community and the company's provisions for female employment in the shops. Pullman wanted women to establish the town's domestic tranquility by cultivating a middle class environment, which he believed was a key to keeping the working class content. Throughout the course of the idealized communitarian experiment, however, Pullman's policies and prescriptions changed to meet the needs of working class families who depended on the wages of women. This paper will study the ideologies and realities surrounding women in nineteenth century Pullman.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the educational aspirations and future expectations of working class youth in an all-female Catholic high school. The ethnographic methods of primarily interviews and participant observation were used to discover the plans and the decision processes of approximately 21% of the senior class. Sixty girls were interviewed four weeks before graduation, as well as 20 teachers and administrators. Almost 100% of the sample (59) planned to attend college the following fall. While most institutions were competitive, only one planned to attend a most competitive, most selective institution, although several met the admissions requirements to do so. One-fourth of the sample planned to attend community colleges. The institution helped to facilitate the process of college entrance. However, many of the girls' decisions were determined before high school, and most were influenced by family members, most of whom had never attended a finished college. It was observed and reported by the girls that the all-female environment enhanced their educational experiences.

The focus of this thesis is an AIDS education programme targeting prostitutes in the industrial town of Thika, Kenya. The thesis challenges three key assumptions underlying the programme, namely: (1) prostitutes in Kenya form a readily identifiable, homogenous social category; (2) medically, they are a source of HIV-infection, and a risk group due to their sexual activity; (3) once provided with knowledge about AIDS transmission and prevention, they have the incentive, and the means to modify their risk behaviour. The notions of "prostitution", "risk", and "responsibility", as assumed in the medical discourse of the programme, are contrasted with those found in the narratives of local health workers and the women involved in the programme. The incongruences in these sets of understandings have implications for the interpretation of epidemiological findings and the planning of AIDS prevention programmes in general. By lending an overall priority ranking to the risk factor of sexual behaviour, the epidemiological paradigm informing the programme masks social and economic co-factors placing women at risk, as well as the role of men in transmission of the HIV-virus. Further, the paradigm ignores important factors in the motivation of health behaviour, namely, the relative significance that women attribute to the risk of AIDS, as well as their envisaged control over health.

Essa dissertação mapeia e interpreta trajetórias de mulheres participantes do projeto de geração de renda Vitrine Social, a fim de compreender os valores, relações e conflitos envolvidos nos processos de capacitação, produção e comercialização de artefatos. A pesquisa está centrada nas trajetórias de vida de quatro mulheres que participaram do Programa Vitrine Social, na cidade de Curitiba-PR entre os anos de 2010 e 2015 e que comercializam seus produtos nas feiras de artesanato de Curitiba, mais especificamente, nas feiras do Largo da Ordem e da Praça Osório. A partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, apresentamos os embates vivenciados no processo de tornar-se uma “empreendedora-artesã”, uma vez que o programa se propõe a formar empreendedoras/es. Os procedimentos metodológicos realizados para esta pesquisa qualitativa foram observação participante nas feiras de artesanato, registros em diário de campo e entrevistas que foram guiadas a partir das materialidades confeccionadas ao longo do curso: colchas de patchwork costuradas pelos grupos, portfólios de costura e outros produtos costurados. Em diálogo com as narrativas e memórias das interlocutoras deste trabalho, procuramos produzir uma imagem de todo processo: a decisão por começar a fazer o curso, a trajetória de aprendizado da costura e de noções de gestão de negócios, a formação de um grupo produtivo (e de um “projeto” coletivo), a comercialização nas feiras de artesanato, o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e, por fim, a produção dentro dos lares. Com um olhar sensível às relações e aos espaços envolvidos em cada etapa, foi possível evidenciar a não homogeneidade do processo de aprendizado e das formas de criação e produção de artefatos costurados. / This thesis maps and interprets women’s trajectories, which participate in a social project called Vitrine Social, which goal is to generate income. The aim is to understand values, relationships and conflicts experienced during training, production and commercialization of the handcrafts. This research is centred on life trajectories of four women, who were participants of the Vitrine Social in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015 and sold their products in Curitiba’s handicraft fairs, mainly at Largo da Ordem and Praça Osório Fairs. From a gender perspective, we present conflicts experienced in the process of becoming a “handcraft-businesswoman”, since this program proposes to form entrepreneurs. The methodological procedures performed on this qualitative research were participative observation of handicraft fairs, records on field diaries and life history interviews with participants from latest groups of Vitrine Social. Interviews were guided starting from handcrafts made during the course: patchwork bedspreads sewed by groups, sewing portfolios and other stitched products. In dialogue with conversationalist narratives and memories we attempted to build an image of the whole process: the decision of taking part of the course, the learning process of sewing, the business management, the formation of a productive group (and of a “Project” collective), commercialization in craft fairs, the new product development, and at last, the production at home. Looking carefully at relationships and spaces involved in each stage, it was possible to evidence inhomogeneity in the learning process, development and production of sewed handcrafts.

Agriculture plays a significant role in South Africa’s export earning and in providing employment opportunities. Amongst the major agricultural crops is citrus. Within the context of postmodern and feminist geographies and utilizing the intensive research design, this thesis discusses citrus production with a focus on growers and black women workers in the Kat River Valley area in Fort Beaufort, Eastern Cape. The thesis also explores the challenges and implications of restructuring within agriculture for growers, cooperatives and labour within the citrus industry. It is argued that whilst legislation related to labour and tenure within agriculture has changed since the mid-1990s, power relations in the citrus industry have remained firmly entrenched. Consequently, the flexible labour strategies that the citrus farmers adopted have had serious consequences for women worker

No description available.