Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. / STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The central aims of this study are to analyze the sociological significance of Methodism as an initiator of social thought and action in the area of world peace, and to find what effect the position held by Methodism has had on the changing attitude toward war in the twentieth century. PROCEDURE The method of the dissertation is empirical, with an appeal to rational coherence as the means of interrelating the data. The criteria of social thought and action developed in Chapter One serve as the tool for making a qualitative analysis of the social programs of the churches. Chapter Two briefly traces the historical setting. In Chapter Three attention is given to the role taken by The Methodist Church, while Chapter Four deals with the part that Methodism has played in relation to national and international ecclesiastical organizations involved in the struggle for world peace. Summary The criteria cover six areas: (1) Range of Emotional Tone; (2) Range of Content; (3) Range of Responsibility; (4) Range of Community; (5) Range of Relevance; and (6) Range of Involvement. Each area is developed along a continuum in order to determine the degree of accuracy. In the early 1900's there was a great interest in isolationism and peace sentiment. Both these movements went into hibernation during World War I, only to return in the 1920's. The peace sentiment of the 1920's brought with it a concern with international affairs, which enabled the churches to maintain a universal theme in World War II and to preserve the harmony of the pacifist/non-pacifist camps. Following World War II the American people displayed a new concern for world affairs. The churches served as one of the causes for this change. This interest in world affairs was the by-product of the sect type tendencies found within some of the agencies of the major denominations and of the denominations' attempt to support a universalist religion. The uncompromising appeal to ethical ideals is apparent in such agencies of The Methodist Church as the Commission on World Peace, the Woman's Society of Christian Service and the Methodist Federation for Social Action. The attempt to educate Methodists concerning international affairs is evident in the work of the two Methodist Crusades for World Order and of the Board of Education. This desire to be informed and involved in the decision-making policies is seen in the work of the Department of International Goodwill and Justice of the Federal Council of Churches in America. The World Council of Churches has also sought peace through its attempt to mold world opinion and to express the consensus of its constituents. Conclusions 1. Methodism has been an initiator of social thought and action in world peace: by creating the first Board among the major denominations with the specific purpose of the achievement of world peace; by being the only major denomination to serve on the National Board of Civilian Service; by leading the Crusade for a New World Order to win acceptance for the United Nations; by educating for international understanding in the programs of the Church; and by providing leadership and at times direction to national and international organizations working for peace. 2. There has been a decided shift on the part of the churches in their degree of involvement in war. 3. The emphasis of a universalist religion was maintained throughout World War II and the post-war years. 4. The churches have become deeply involved in the responsibility to move from guiding principles to political propositions and to bring a Christian influence to bear on international events.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Martha Root (1872-1939) was an exceptional religious and spiritual activist, a leading figure in the international women's peace movement, and a new organism of a new world in the early twentieth century. This thesis represents Martha Root from three aspects: the early life of Martha Root, her four world teaching trips from 1919 to 1939, with a focus on her peace advocacy, and an investigation into her gender awareness and identity construction by reflecting on Tahirih the Pure, Iran's Greatest Woman, Martha Root's only book.

Thesis (M.T.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-142).

The purpose of the present thesis, is to trace the development of the idea of world organization to secure world peace. An endeavor is made to give a brief survey of the best known peace plans of history with a critical evaluation of the contribution of each to the ideas embodied in the League of Nations and the United Nations.

Orientador: Áureo Busetto / Banca: Lincoln Ferreira Secco / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca / Banca: Claudinei Magno Magre Mendes / Resumo: O objetivo central desta tese de doutoramento é levantar e analisar as representações sobre a manutenção da paz mundial que foram encetadas e veiculadas pela chamada grande imprensa brasileira no período compreendido entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e a Guerra da Coréia. Nesta direção, são apresentados e analisados os agentes e as práticas envolvidos no processo de produção e divulgação do material jornalístico brasileiro que trataram de temas referentes à manutenção da paz mundial, assim como igualmente dos espaços dedicados e das fontes utilizadas pelos periódicos no tratamento jornalístico do tema, sempre sem perder de vista as relações existentes entre a imprensa e a política durante o período enfocado. Para tanto, tem-se como fonte documental e objeto de análise os jornais O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Diário de S. Paulo, Correio da Manhã, Jornal do Brasil e a revista O Cruzeiro. O material levantado e analisado permite afirmar que os jornais brasileiros suspeitavam, desconfiavam ou lançavam dúvidas sobre as possibilidades da manutenção da paz mundial, concorrendo simbolicamente para nomear e classificar os agentes responsáveis por construir um mundo pacífico ou provocar um novo conflito no período imediatamente posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com algumas nuances e diferenças, os órgãos impressos posicionaram-se política e ideologicamente a favor ou contra os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética, sendo ambas as nações representadas, respectivamente, como os responsáveis pela promoção e manutenção da paz mundial e como a desencadeadora de novos conflitos mundiais. É intenção do trabalho, portanto, demonstrar que a grande imprensa brasileira construía representações da União Soviética como ameaça a manutenção da paz mundial / Abstract: The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to raise and analyze the representations about the world peace maintenance which were begun and broadcasted by the called great Brazilian press in the period between the end of the Second World War and the Korean War. In this way, the agents and the practices involved in the production and divulgation process of the Brazilian journalistic material that dealt with different themes to the world peace maintenance are presented and analyzed, as well as the dedicated spaces and the sources used by the periodicals in the journalistic treatment of the subject, without losing sight of the relations existing between the press and the policy during the focused period. For both, the documentary sources and objects of analysis are the newspapers O Estado de São Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Diário de São Paulo, Correio da Manhã, Jornal do Brasil, and the magazine O Cruzeiro. The raised and analyzed material allows to say that the Brazilian newspapers suspected, distrusted or raised doubts about the possibilities of the world peace maintenance, competing symbolically to name and classify the responsible agents for building a peaceful world or provoking new conflicts in the period immediately after the Second World War. With some nuances and differences, the press took the position itself political and ideologically being for or against the United States of America and the Soviet Union, being both nations represented, respectively, as the responsible for promoting and maintaining the world peace and initiating new world conflicts. The work intention is, therefore, to demonstrate that the great Brazilian press used to build representations of the Soviet Union as some threat to the world peace maintenance / Doutor

This thesis analyses the role of international organizations in the West Bank and Gaza. The role of international organizations is discussed within the larger framework of global governance. In light of the theories on global transformation, the renewed role for international organizations as the agents of global governance is introduced within the Palestinian context. With a focus on the complex relationship between domestic and international actors, the role of international organizations as the promoters of good governance is examined in terms of Palestinian state building process. Several international organizations are introduced in terms of their objectives, projects and activities in Palestine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:02:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sotana_ec_dr_assis.pdf: 2333776 bytes, checksum: 2d0e364ffb6c0049174270815e659203 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo central desta tese de doutoramento é levantar e analisar as representações sobre a manutenção da paz mundial que foram encetadas e veiculadas pela chamada grande imprensa brasileira no período compreendido entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e a Guerra da Coréia. Nesta direção, são apresentados e analisados os agentes e as práticas envolvidos no processo de produção e divulgação do material jornalístico brasileiro que trataram de temas referentes à manutenção da paz mundial, assim como igualmente dos espaços dedicados e das fontes utilizadas pelos periódicos no tratamento jornalístico do tema, sempre sem perder de vista as relações existentes entre a imprensa e a política durante o período enfocado. Para tanto, tem-se como fonte documental e objeto de análise os jornais O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Diário de S. Paulo, Correio da Manhã, Jornal do Brasil e a revista O Cruzeiro. O material levantado e analisado permite afirmar que os jornais brasileiros suspeitavam, desconfiavam ou lançavam dúvidas sobre as possibilidades da manutenção da paz mundial, concorrendo simbolicamente para nomear e classificar os agentes responsáveis por construir um mundo pacífico ou provocar um novo conflito no período imediatamente posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial. Com algumas nuances e diferenças, os órgãos impressos posicionaram-se política e ideologicamente a favor ou contra os Estados Unidos e a União Soviética, sendo ambas as nações representadas, respectivamente, como os responsáveis pela promoção e manutenção da paz mundial e como a desencadeadora de novos conflitos mundiais. É intenção do trabalho, portanto, demonstrar que a grande imprensa brasileira construía representações da União Soviética como ameaça a manutenção da paz mundial / The main purpose of this doctoral thesis is to raise and analyze the representations about the world peace maintenance which were begun and broadcasted by the called great Brazilian press in the period between the end of the Second World War and the Korean War. In this way, the agents and the practices involved in the production and divulgation process of the Brazilian journalistic material that dealt with different themes to the world peace maintenance are presented and analyzed, as well as the dedicated spaces and the sources used by the periodicals in the journalistic treatment of the subject, without losing sight of the relations existing between the press and the policy during the focused period. For both, the documentary sources and objects of analysis are the newspapers O Estado de São Paulo, Folha da Manhã, Diário de São Paulo, Correio da Manhã, Jornal do Brasil, and the magazine O Cruzeiro. The raised and analyzed material allows to say that the Brazilian newspapers suspected, distrusted or raised doubts about the possibilities of the world peace maintenance, competing symbolically to name and classify the responsible agents for building a peaceful world or provoking new conflicts in the period immediately after the Second World War. With some nuances and differences, the press took the position itself political and ideologically being for or against the United States of America and the Soviet Union, being both nations represented, respectively, as the responsible for promoting and maintaining the world peace and initiating new world conflicts. The work intention is, therefore, to demonstrate that the great Brazilian press used to build representations of the Soviet Union as some threat to the world peace maintenance

The purpose of this study was to bring more clarification to the concepts of spirituality and happiness, their meaning, attainability, and position in the field of Multicultural Education. In general, people think they will find joy and happiness if they graduate from a post-secondary educational institution with an undergraduate or graduate degree, find a good work environment, position, salary, living standards, status, etc. Yet, in the real world there may be a different way to find genuine happiness and joy which is fair, simple, easy and equal for all human beings even those who cannot afford higher levels of education. In order to present the data, the study discussed the life, philosophy and teachings of Imam Sheikh Iskender Ali Mihr, president of Mihr Foundation in Turkey, International Mihr Foundation in the United States and University of Allah in Virginia, and utterly an Ottoman. The review of literature was also included to assist the readers to grasp the different perspectives of the subject matter. Education should be inclusive and equal for all and so should joy and happiness! In today’s world where diversity is the key factor for almost every community, it is important for educators (teachers/instructors/administrators) to know what shapes students’ lives. This study encompassed the idea that only educating our students’ minds and bodies is not enough, and without spirituality the education is not complete. As Pamela Leigh (1997) stated, “..acknowledging that people come to work with more than their bodies and minds, they bring individual talents and unique spirits” (p. 26). Students also come with their unique spirits and we should take them as a whole and value them with all the qualities they possess. Nurturing their spirit should be part of our school system. No matter if they believe in God or not, educators should be ready to address the aspect of spirituality and religion. The research was to bring a greater understanding to questions such as how we can better accommodate students’ different spiritual beliefs, what the pros and cons are of bringing them together or keeping them separate. In order to answer these questions in a fashionable manner, we need to know “how much the spiritual beliefs of these students shape their cultures and their lives.” In a greater context, the questions like; what we really know about ‘true’ Islam as one of the fastest growing beliefs in the U.S., is it any different than other beliefs or is it the same, is there a way to eradicate the Islam-phobia that occurred after the 9/11 attack, what was the Ottoman Islamic model, were also answered. As educators, how do we cope with students who hear voices and start shooting around in a schoolyard, or students who binge drink or get suicidal? Even more importantly, how do we help the remaining population live a healthy and happy life without thinking of ending their own or others’ lives, as these examples turn out to be a daily life for us all! The remainder of this study looked at the “neutrality” of the school systems in the United States. Should educators stay neutral or not will be each individual’s decision to make.