Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s military thinking and practice played an important role in upgrading China¡¦s national power. Having the interest of the whole nation and the defensive strategic thinking in mind, first of all, Deng Xiao Ping implemented military reform during the peacetime, which involved many aspects including politics (political party), economic reform, scientific and technical development, etc. and thus should be deliberated from an all-direction angle. Next, enlightened by the collapse of Russia, East Germany and Poland, Deng Xiao Ping promoted economic reform to ease the financial burden incurred from the establishment of self-reliant nuclear military strength in late 1950s¡¦ and early 1960s¡¦. Third, with his understanding toward the modern history of China, Deng Xiao Ping felt that the leader of China must play the roles of a neutral and arbitrator, so as to avoid any internal upheaval and vicious circle of conflict among political party, government and military. In view of this, all measures taken by Deng Xiao Ping during the period when he was in power were aimed to balance the powers among different factions. As a result, the political power shifted peacefully from the hands of soldier to the ones of civil officials. In Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s early life, he was only a member of the political committee in the army and lacked of practical fighting experience. Therefore, his military thinking and practice were primarily from his observation of changes in external environment as well as the internal system reform under the circumstance of war. As to his reform thinking, it came from trials and real practice. He tried to find out the right ways on the one hand and corrected his errors on the other hand: He refrained the economic liberalization from overheat by political interference; controlled the military by the leadership of the party; balanced the military factions and have them curb one another in order to stabilize the military in the process of four major reforms. As a planner and leader of China¡¦s reform and opening up, a leader of seeking truth from facts, and a realist, Deng Xiao Ping paid much attention to the accumulation of materials, development of productivity, and strategic thinking for national defense. In his opinion, China could get rid of poverty only when the materials were accumulated to a certain degree and became a rich country with strong military power only when its building up of national defense reached a certain scale. To view from current international situation, any reform measures brought about by Deng Xiao Ping to cope with the change of international situation in his time had been proven to be in conformity with the trend of the powerful countries in the world if judging from their effects and results. In addition, the build up of China¡¦s national defense supported by his economic reform was closely related to the future development on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, so notice must be taken to such development from time to time. Maybe, Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s military thinking and practice can be used as a reference for any studies on the future development of China¡¦s national power.

This thesis focuses upon the artistic and poetic subject of the Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang, from its origin in the Xiao-Xiang region in the Hunan province of China throughout its dispersal in East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. Certain aesthetics and iconography were retained from the early examples, throughout the Eight Views’ transformation from the eleventh to the nineteenth century. The subject‟s close associations with poetry, atmospheric phenomena and the context of exile were reflected in the imagery of the painting and the accompanying verses. This thesis will discuss the historic, geographic and poetic origins of the Eight Views, along with a thorough investigation into the artistic styles which various East Asian artists employed in their own interpretations of the series. Furthermore, the dispersal and diaspora of the subject throughout East Asia are also investigated in this thesis. The work of Japanese artist Ando Hiroshige will serve as the concluding apogee. The Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang is an important East Asian artistic subject in both poetry and painting and contains many pervasive East Asian aesthetics.

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語文學部. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 482-489). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo yu wen xue bu. / 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 上　編 --- 蕭紅傳略 / Chapter 第一章 --- 從遷墓說起 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 小時候 --- p.13 / Chapter 第三章 --- 哈爾濱´ؤ´ؤ從溫室到漫天風雨 --- p.23 / Chapter 第四章 --- 在青島 --- p.54 / Chapter 第五章 --- 在上海´ؤ´ؤ光輝的歲月　 --- p.59 / Chapter 第六章 --- 東京之旅´ؤ´ؤ孤獨的日子 --- p.75 / Chapter 第七章 --- 重回上海´ؤ´ؤ一段哀傷的插曲 --- p.83 / Chapter 第八章 --- 武漢´ؤ臨汾´ؤ西安´ؤ武漢 --- p.87 / Chapter 第九章 --- 在重慶 --- p.106 / Chapter 第十章 --- 香港´ؤ生命的終站　 --- p.111 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 蕭紅是個怎樣的人 --- p.123 / Chapter 下編 --- 蕭紅小說研究 / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.135 / Chapter 第二章 --- 生死場 --- p.138 / Chapter 第三章 --- 馬伯樂 --- p.198 / Chapter 第四章 --- 呼蘭河傳 --- p.250 / Chapter 第五章 --- 手 --- p.286 / Chapter 第六章 --- 橋 --- p.315 / Chapter 第七章 --- 牛車上 --- p.337 / Chapter 第八章 --- 朦朧的期待 --- p.365 / Chapter 第九章 --- 小城三月 --- p.385 / Chapter 第十章 --- 綜論 --- p.406 / 注釋 --- p.426 / 參考資料 --- p.482 / 蕭紅年表 --- p.490 / 蕭紅一生走過的路（圖） --- p.494 / 後記 --- p.495

The Liang dynasty poet Xiao Gang’s “poems on things” (yongwu shi) have traditionally been read as shallow, overwrought descriptions of palace life devoid of the allegorical dimensions that were thought to ennoble the genre. This thesis argues that the figurative dimensions of these supposedly non-figurative poems must be understood in the context of the profound influence Buddhism and Buddhist thought had on Xiao Gang’s conceptions of literary practice. Through close readings of six “poems on things,” I demonstrate that Xiao Gang’s use of descriptive language doubles as an exploration of Buddhist concepts of sensuous reality, emptiness, and dependent co-arising. By exploring Xiao Gang’s thematization of abstract Buddhist philosophical concepts in the traditionally Confucian genre of the yongwu shi, I suggest that the impact of Buddhist ideas on Chinese figurative modes of poetic meaning was more profound than scholars of this period have previously suggested.

劉國基. / "2000年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 90-95) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 8 yue" / Liu Guoji. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 90-95) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章： --- 前言 / Chapter 第一節： --- 硏究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節： --- 硏究方法 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章： --- 土地分封在政教關係上所扮演的角色 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一節： --- 「封建」一詞在英國中古史上的解釋 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二節： --- 土地分封與勢力網絡的建立 --- p.11 / Chapter 第三節： --- 亨利二世在土地分封上的實際得益 --- p.18 / Chapter 第四節： --- 小結 --- p.22 / Chapter 第三章： --- 政教關係之衝突-以亨利二世與多瑪斯´Ø貝克特之關係爲例 --- p.23 / Chapter 第一節： --- 從司法爭辯到個人權力之爭 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二節： --- 其他人士在衝突中所扮演的角色 / Chapter (1) --- 教皇 --- p.44 / Chapter (2) --- 主教 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節： --- 小結 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章： --- 比較亨利二世及梁武帝統治時期的政教關係 --- p.55 / Chapter 第一節： --- 比較亨利二世及梁武帝統治時期之政教衝突 --- p.55 / Chapter 第二節： --- 比較英國主教及梁代高僧在鞏固政權上的作用 --- p.68 / Chapter 第三節： --- 小結 --- p.85 / Chapter 第五章： --- 結語 --- p.86 / 參考書目 --- p.90

Hometown Boy är ett projekt av konstnären Liu Xiaodong. Tillsammans med en grupp medarbetare besökte han sin barndomsstad  Jincheng i nordöstra Kina, en stad han lämnade för trettio år sedan.. Resultatet visades på UCCA, Ullens Center for Contemporary Art i Beijing. Lius verk synliggjorde individer från en marginaliserad arbetarklass som inte ofta ges utrymme inom porträttkonsten. Mitt syfte har varit att tolka Lius Xiao Dou Hanging Out at the Pool Hall bland annat utifrån ett marxistisktfeministiskt förhållningssätt. Som metod har jag utgått ifrån bildanalyser av verken samt litteraturstudier. Jag fann bl a att dukstorleken tidigare var relaterad till idolporträtt i Kina och viktiga, gärna klassiska, teman i ett historiskt Europa. Jag fann vidare en diskrepans mellan Lius barndomsvänner och dem som dominerar musei- och galleribesök, vilket  jag ser som ett klassmöte där publiken ges möjlighet att studera de avvikande. Liu styr representationen av Xiao Dou. Han förflyttar henne till en manlig sfär och ger henne manliga attribut. I Jincheng Airport ser vi en passiv sida av Xiao Dou. Att Liu valt att avbilda Xiao Dou på dessa sätt kan vara för att väcka publikens intresse genom att rikta uppmärksamheten mot kvinnans situation på landsbygden och hur hon styrs av rådande ideologier och hur det i sin tur begränsar hennes möjligheter. Ändå funderar jag om publiken ser detta eller om vi fastnar i den fysiska representationen av Xiao Dou med för kort klänning i fel rum, en representation som i Xiao Dou Hanging Out at the Pool Hall fallit offer för en mans öga.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 323-342). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-203).

朱寶盈. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 164-169). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhu Baoying. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 164-169). / 目錄 --- p.V / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《昭明太子集》 --- p.4 / Chapter 第三節 --- 前人研究述評 --- p.5 / Chapter 一、 --- 主要硏究觀點 --- p.5 / Chapter 二、 --- 蕭統詩作硏究商榷 --- p.8 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究目的及方向 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二章 --- 蕭統詩作析論（一）：從意象論其典麗風格 --- p.14 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二節 --- 駢句的運用´ؤ´ؤ意象的突顯 --- p.15 / Chapter 一、 --- 蕭詩駢句的應用情形 --- p.16 / Chapter 1) --- 詩作的基本結構單位 --- p.16 / Chapter 2) --- 屬對工整嚴密，具元嘉味道 --- p.17 / Chapter 二、 --- 駢句與意象的突顯 --- p.23 / Chapter 1) --- 相關理論 --- p.23 / Chapter 2) --- 駢句在蕭統詩中的情形 --- p.25 / Chapter 第三節 --- 蕭統詩基調的形成´ؤ´ؤ辭藻的修飾與意象的性質傾向 --- p.31 / Chapter 一、 --- 意象的性質傾向 --- p.31 / Chapter 1) --- 色彩華麗的意象 --- p.32 / Chapter 2) --- 典正雍容的意象 --- p.35 / Chapter 二、 --- 冷靜客觀的景物描寫 --- p.38 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 蕭統詩作析論（二）：論蕭詩的典故運用 --- p.44 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.44 / Chapter 第二節 --- 用典的準則一一風格與內容的配合 --- p.45 / Chapter 一、 --- 體式 --- p.46 / Chapter 二、 --- 題材內容 --- p.47 / Chapter 第三節 --- 典故的構成形式與詩歌密度的提升 --- p.51 / Chapter 一、 --- 典故的構成形式 --- p.52 / Chapter 1) --- 截取具代表性的詞語 --- p.55 / Chapter 2) --- 壓縮原典句子 --- p.56 / Chapter 3) --- 改變原典次序和結構 --- p.57 / Chapter 二、 --- 用典方法對詩歌效果的影響 --- p.58 / Chapter 第四節 --- 以典故達意的具體情形 --- p.62 / Chapter 一、 --- 以典詠物 --- p.62 / Chapter 二、 --- 以典詠人 --- p.67 / Chapter 三、 --- 以典抒情 --- p.70 / Chapter 第五節 --- 結語 --- p.73 / Chapter 第四章 --- 蕭統詩與齊梁新變詩風之比較 --- p.75 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.75 / Chapter 第二節 --- 齊梁新變詩風 --- p.76 / Chapter 一、 --- 齊梁文學的新變思潮 --- p.76 / Chapter 二、 --- 「永明體」 --- p.79 / Chapter 三、 --- 「宮體」 --- p.80 / Chapter 第三節 --- 蕭統詩與「永明體」及「宮體」之比較 --- p.82 / Chapter 一、 --- 體式 --- p.83 / Chapter 二、 --- 題材 --- p.90 / Chapter 1) --- 與「永明體」的比較 --- p.90 / Chapter 2) --- 與「宮體」的比較 --- p.92 / Chapter 3) --- 佛教眾會 --- p.97 / Chapter 4) --- 小結 --- p.100 / Chapter 三、 --- 聲律 --- p.101 / Chapter 四、 --- 語言 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結語 --- p.113 / Chapter 第五章 --- 蕭統與梁朝詩壇 --- p.115 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.115 / Chapter 第二節 --- 蕭統與東宮文人 --- p.116 / Chapter 一、 --- 東宮文人的主要成員簡介 --- p.116 / Chapter 二、 --- 蕭統及東宮文人之關係 --- p.122 / Chapter 第三節 --- 東宮文人的文學主張及創作傾向 --- p.126 / Chapter 一、 --- 文學主張 --- p.127 / Chapter 1) --- 劉孝綽 --- p.127 / Chapter 2) --- 王筠 --- p.130 / Chapter 二、 --- 創作傾向 --- p.132 / Chapter 1) --- 劉孝綽 --- p.133 / Chapter 2) --- 王筠 --- p.138 / Chapter 3) --- 小結 --- p.141 / Chapter 第四節 --- 蕭統與梁朝中期詩壇 --- p.145 / Chapter 一、 --- 關於「蕭統文學集團」說 --- p.146 / Chapter 二、 --- 關於「梁朝中期復古思潮」說 --- p.151 / Chapter 第五節 --- 關於《文選》編纂者的爭議 --- p.157 / Chapter 第六節 --- 結語 --- p.159 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.161 / 主要參考書目 --- p.164 / 附錄一：劉孝綽短篇詩作中的入律句子 --- p.170 / 附錄二：王筠短篇詩作中的入律句子 --- p.175

thesis written by Chang Sio Man, Loretta. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-146). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Background --- p.1 / The Research Question --- p.2 / Limitations --- p.7 / Research Content --- p.8 / Chapter 2. --- The Siao Fong Fong Phenomenon: Tale of an Orphan --- p.14 / Chapter 3. --- Negotiating a Star Text: Theoretical Perspectives / Chapter 3.1 --- What is a Star? --- p.25 / "Star as Image, Star as Sign" / "Star as Person, Star as Woman" / Chapter 3.2 --- Female Strategies of Laughter --- p.45 / To Play the Male Game: Comedy as a Tool of Oppression / To Steal the Show: Comedy as a Tool of Subversion / Chapter 3.3 --- Towards a Theory of Marginal Empowerment --- p.63 / Chapter 4. --- Evolution of a Star and a Society: The Orphan Complex --- p.70 / Chapter 5. --- Star Text Siao Fong Fong: Textual Analysis / Chapter 5.1 --- Publicity --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2 --- Films --- p.90 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion: A Star Text of Possibilities --- p.121 / Bibliography --- p.143 / Chapter Appendix: --- Figures