GIS (Geographic Information Systems) is gradually mature on the Internet, and the applications of the GIS, such as: living, entertainment, traffic, environment etc., are more extensive. People are very easy to get useful spatial information from Web GIS. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) was initiated by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), it is an XML (eXtensible Markup Language)-based two-dimensional vector graphics standard on the internet. It is suitable to be used on the Web GIS. The research focuses on XML-based Web GIS including: spatial information and attribute data. The process to create a SVG system is discussed. Besides to write a software code for implementing a SVG system as a Web GIS, some functions were added to the system to promote the operating efficiency. Finally, two query applications were set up. One is Tapeng Bay to display fundamental setting up process and the other is Taipei school information query system to test the functions for SQL and statistical information. Keywords: Web GIS, XML, SVG, DOM

Die Extensible Markup Language (XML) hat sich seit ihrer ¨Erfindung¨ vor etwa drei Jahren zu einem strategischen Element bei neuen Computer- und Netz-Anwendungen entwickelt. Mittlerweile erfüllen sich auch einige der hochgesteckten Erwartungen, nicht zuletzt mit Hilfe von Werkzeugen aus dem Linux-Umfeld. Die sehr dynamische Entwicklung hat zahlreiche Richtungen. Neben ¨generischen¨ Werkzeugsystemen gibt es die server- und klientenseitige Interpretation diverser Stil- und Transformationsvorschriften. Standardisierte XML-basierte Spezialsprachen werden ¨herstellereigene¨ Binärformate ablösen und eine neue Qualität der Kooperation unterschiedlichster Anwendungen ermöglichen.

Rapport de recherche bibliographique DESS : Réseaux d'information et document électronique : Villeurbanne, ENSSIB : 2002.

Rapport de stage DESS : Ingénierie documentaire : Ecole nationale supérieure es sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 : 2001.

Η εισαγωγή των νέων Τεχνολογιών της Πληροφορίας και των Επικοινωνιών (ΤΠΕ) στην εκπαίδευση άλλαξε σημαντικά τη μορφή και τη λειτουργία της. Με την υιοθέτηση των νέων τεχνολογιών αναπτύχθηκε και αναπτύσσεται ακόμα η ηλεκτρονική μάθηση (e-learning) και η εκπαίδευση απέκτησε μια νέα διάσταση και νέες δυνατότητες. Τα τριτοβάθμια ιδρύματα που έχουν κεντρικό ρόλο στην παροχή τυπικής εκπαίδευσης δεν μπορούσαν να μείνουν αμέτοχα στο υπό διαμόρφωση περιβάλλον και ξεκίνησαν να σχεδιάζουν και να διαθέτουν προγράμματα εκπαίδευσης από απόσταση, στα οποία κεντρικό ρόλο έχει το εκπαιδευτικό περιεχόμενο σε οποιαδήποτε μορφή. Σημαντική εκπαιδευτική υπηρεσία, λοιπόν, αποτελεί η παροχή πρόσβασης στο εκπαιδευτικό περιεχόμενο σε εκπαιδευτές και εκπαιδευόμενους. Η απαίτηση αυτή είναι ιδιαίτερα έντονη σε συστήματα Ανοικτής και εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευσης, όπου το περιεχόμενο αποτελεί τη σημαντικότερη πηγή γνώσεων. Η παρούσα εργασία αποβλέπει στη βελτίωση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών εκπαίδευσης μέσα στο υπό διαμόρφωση νέο περιβάλλον, προωθώντας την υποβοήθηση της καταγραφής, αναζήτησης και ανάκτησης εκπαιδευτικού περιεχομένου με τη χρήση μετα-δεδομένων (meta-data). Το εκπαιδευτικό περιεχόμενο είναι οργανωμένο σε αντικείμενα μάθησης (learning objects) για τα οποία προτείνεται η δημιουργία μετα-δεδομένων με τη χρήση ενός ειδικού εργαλείου. Βασική μέριμνα της εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση των χαρακτηριστικών των μετα-δεδομένων καθώς και των προτύπων που ακολουθούνται ώστε τα αντικείμενα μάθησης να είναι εκμεταλλεύσιμα και επαναχρησιμοποιήσιμα από εκπαιδευτές και εκπαιδευόμενους. Βασική συλλογή προτύπων που θα χρησιμοποιηθεί για την μελέτη είναι το SCORM version 2004 (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) ενώ θα γίνει αναφορά και στις προηγούμενες εκδόσεις. Ακολουθούν συγκρίσεις με τις υπόλοιπες συλλογές προτύπων και μετα-δεδομένων που αναφέρονται στην ανοικτή και εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Θα ακολουθήσουν αναφορές σε διάφορα λογισμικά καθώς και πλατφόρμες, Εμπορικές ή Ανοιχτού Κώδικα, που χρησιμοποιούνται για την εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με την συγκριτική αξιολόγηση του οπτικού εργαλείου (ilearn2) που υλοποιήθηκε καθώς και με τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν από την εφαρμογή της συλλογής προτύπων SCORM 2004. / The import of new Technologies of Information and Communications (ICT) in the education changed considerably the form and her operation. With the adoption of new technologies were still developed and are developed the electronic learning (e-learning) and the education acquired a new dimension and new possibilities. The third degree institutions that have central role in the benefit of formal education could not to remain uninvolved under configuration environment and they began they draw and they allocate programs of education from distance, in which central role it has the educational content in whatever form. Important educational service, therefore, constitutes the benefit of access in the educational content in instructors and educated. This requirement is particularly intense in systems Open and remotely Education, where the content constitute the more important source of knowledge. The present work aims at the improvement of provided services of education in t o under configuration new environment, promoting the assistance of recording, search and recuperation of educational content with the use of metadata (meta-data). The educational content are organised in objects of learning (learning objects) for which are proposed the creation of metadata with the use of special tool. Basic concern of work is the presentation of characteristics of metadata as well as models that are followed in order that the objects of learning are exploitable and reemployable from instructors and educated. Basic collection of models that will be used for the study is SCORM version 2004 (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) while becomes report and in the previous publications. They follow comparisons with the remainder collections of models and metadata that are reported in the open and remotely educations. They will follow reports in various softwares as well as platforms, Commercial or Open Code, that is used for the remotely education. The work is completed with the comparative evaluation of optical tool (ilearn2) that was materialised as well as with the conclusions that result from the application of collection of models SCORM 2004.

Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) present challenges to current model-based software engineering methodologies such as Rational Unified Process (RUP). In this research effort we propose a process called DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP) that uses the DEVS formalism as a basis for automated generation of models from various requirement specifications and realization as SOA collaborative services. DEVS is inherently based on object oriented methodology and systems theory, and categorically separates the Model, the Simulator and the Experimental frame, and has been used for systems Modeling & Simulation over the years. DUNIP integrates these concepts into DEVSbased Bifurcated Model-Continuity life-cycle development methodology. The life-cycle begins by specifying the system requirements in a number of different formats such as state-based, BPMN/BPEL-based, message-based requirement specifications. DUNIP then automates the generation of DEVS models capable for distributed collaboration. The collaboration uses an XML-based DEVS Modeling Language (DEVSML) framework that provides the capability to integrate models that may be expressed in different DEVS implementation languages. The models are also made available for remote and distributed real-time execution over the SOA middleware in a manner transparent to the user. A prototype simulation framework has been implemented and is illustrated with an application to a system of collaborating military systems implemented and tested using Bifurcated Model-Continuity methodology. We also show how the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) can be enhanced to incorporate simulation based executable models using the DUNIP process.

Huge amount of data flows around the Internet every second, but for the data to be useful at its destination, it must be presented in a way such that the target has little problem interpreting it. Current data exchange technologies may rearrange the structure of data to suit expectations at the target. However, there may be semantics behind data (e.g. knowing the title of a book can determine its #pages) that may be violated after data translation. These semantics are expressed as integrity constraints (IC) in a database. Currently, there is no guarantee that the exchanged data conforms to the target’s ICs. As a result, existing applications (e.g. user queries) that assume such semantics will no longer function correctly. Current constraint repair techniques deal with data after it has been translated; thus take no consideration of the integrity constraints at the source. Moreover, such constraint repair methods usually involve addition/deletion/modification of data, which may yield incomplete or false data. We consider the constraints of both source and target schemas; together with the mapping, we can efficiently detect which constraint is violated and suggest ways to correct the mappings.

EXtensible Markup Language, XML, was designed as a markup language for structuring, storing and transporting data on the World Wide Web. The focus of XML is on data content; arbitrary markup is used to describe data. This versatile, self-describing data representation has established XML as the universal data format and the de facto standard for information exchange on the Web. This has gradually given rise to the need for efficient storage and querying of large XML repositories. To that end, we propose a new model for building a native XML store which is based on a generalisation of vertical decomposition. Nodes of a document satisfying the same label-path, are extracted and stored together in a single container, a Stripe. Stripes make use of a labelling scheme allowing us to maintain full structural information. Over this new representation, we introduce various evaluation techniques, which allow us to handle a large fragment of XPath 2.0. We also focus on the optimisation opportunities that arise from our decomposition model during any query evaluation phase. During query validation, we present an input minimisation process that exploits the proposed model for identifying input that is only relevant to the given query, in terms of Stripes. We also define query equivalence rules for query rewriting over our proposed model. Finally, during query optimisation, we deal with whether and under which circumstances certain evaluation algorithms can be replaced by others having lower I/O and/or CPU cost. We propose three storage schemes under our general decomposition technique. The schemes differ in the compression method imposed on the structural part of the XML document. The first storage scheme imposes no compression. The second storage scheme exploits structural regularities of the document to minimise storage and, thus, I/O cost during query evaluation. Finally, the third storage scheme performs structureagnostic compression of the document structure which results in minimised storage, regardless the actual XML structure. We experiment on XML repositories of varying size, recursion and structural regularity. We consider query input size, execution plan size and query response time as metrics for our experimental results. We process query workloads by applying each of the proposed optimisations in isolation and then all of their combinations. In addition, we apply the same execution pipeline for all proposed storage schemes. As a reference to our proposed query evaluation pipeline, we use the current state-of-the-art system for XML query processing. Our results demonstrate that: • Our proposed data model provides the infrastructure for efficiently selecting the parts of the document that are relevant to a given query. • The application of query rewriting, combined with input minimisation, reduces query input size as well as the number of physical operators used. In addition, when evaluation algorithms are specialised to the decomposition method, query response time is further reduced. • Query evaluation performance is largely affected by the storage schemes, which are closely related to the structural properties of the data. The achieved compression ratio greatly affects storage size and therefore, query response times.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are becoming increasingly engaged in B2B interactions. The ubiquitousness of the Internet and the quasi-reliance on electronic document exchanges with larger trading partners have fostered this move. The main technical challenge that this brings to SMEs is that of business document integration: they need to exchange business documents with heterogeneous document formats and also integrate these documents with internal information systems. Often they can not afford using expensive, customized and proprietary solutions for document exchange and storage. Rather they need cost-effective approaches designed based on open standards and backed with easy-to-use information systems. In this dissertation, we investigate the problem of business document integration for SMEs following a design science methodology. We propose a framework and conceptual architecture for a business document integration system (BDIS). By studying existing business document formats, we recommend using the GS1 XML standard format as the intermediate format for business documents in BDIS. The GS1 standards are widely used in supply chains and logistics globally. We present an architecture for BDIS consisting of two layers: one for the design of internal information system based on relational databases, capable of storing XML business documents, and the other enabling the exchange of heterogeneous business documents at runtime. For the design layer, we leverage existing XML schema conversion approaches, and extend them, to propose a customized and novel approach for converting GS1 XML document schemas into relational schemas. For the runtime layer, we propose wrappers as architectural components for the conversion of various electronic documents formats into the GS1 XML format. We demonstrate our approach through a case study involving a GS1 XML business document. We have implemented a prototype BDIS. We have evaluated and compared it with existing research and commercial tools for XML to relational schema conversion. The results show that it generates operational and simpler relational schemas for GS1 XML documents. In conclusion, the proposed framework enables SMEs to engage effectively in electronic business.

Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.