Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Zuzana Sobolová Supervisor: Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Consultant: Marcel Hrubša, MS.c. Title of diploma thesis: The impact of synthetic chelators from the group of 4-acylpyrazole-5-ones on alcohol dehydrogenase Inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase play a key role in the treatment of poisoning caused by methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and their toxic metabolites. Such treatment can therefore be considered as life-saving. In clinical practice, a single substance, fomepizole, is used. This thesis is aimed at investigation of the effect of eleven experimental chelators from the 4- acylpyrazol-5-ones group on equine and yeast alcohol dehydrogenases, and the possible definition of structural features that would be the most suitable for interaction with this enzyme. Due to the ability of these substances to chelate zinc ions, it is believed that they could inhibit an enzyme that has a zinc molecule in the structure. The measurement itself is based on principle of increase in absorbance during the enzymatic reaction, which is caused by the formation of NADH. This measurement is relatively simple, efficient and, due to used kinetic method, also less susceptible to be affected by...

Amorphous manganese oxide has been already successfully tested as an efficient amendment for limiting the mobile fraction of risk elements in soil. However, its application is accompanied with an unsolicited phenomenon of increased dissolution of this agent related to oxidation of soil organic matter. For that reason, surface modification of the studied Mn oxide with the layer of MnCO3 has been proposed (Sm-AMO). The subject of this thesis is to assess the effectiveness of chemical stabilization of two contaminated soils using Sm-AMO with a focus on Zn and to verify the stability Sm-AMO based on laboratory experiments. The results of preliminary stability testing of both materials in demineralized water confirmed that Sm-AMO is less soluble than the original AMO. However, this fact was not confirmed by the results of testing of AMO and Sm-AMO performed using pH-static leaching experiments, when no differences were observed between AMO and Sm-AMO stability based statistical analysis, except for the natural pH (6.03) in the Litavka soil (soil L). Both sorbents yielded greater stability with increasing pH. Adsorption kinetics of Pb, Zn, Cd and As, which are present in the tested soils, onto AMO and Sm-AMO was studied to compare the adsorption properties of both materials. Affinity of these metals was generally higher towards AMO, but the recorded equilibrium time was similar for both sorbents. The results of adsorption kinetics for both materials tested showed the highest sorption rate and the highest adsorbed amount for Pb and the lowest for Zn. Similar results were also observed at pH-static leaching experiment. Stabilization effectiveness of Sm-AMO compared to AMO was mainly demonstrated for Pb and As under natural pH conditions (pH 6,03 and 6,43) of Litavka and Smolotely soils. Considering the stabilization of Zn statistically significant stabilizing effect of AMO/Sm-AMO was observed only at pH 8, when the AMO showed to be more effective. The effectiveness of Sm-AMO for the immobilization of Zn was not as significant as expected, but compared with other immobilization amendments Sm-AMO is an effective sorbent for Zn stabilization.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Lucia Hanuščinová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmDr., PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Ability of copper chelators to interact with iron and zinc Copper plays in the human organism a role of an element with indispensable significance, whose biological influence and effects depend on its quantity. With elevated concentrations in the human body, copper becomes toxic, resulting in pathological conditions. The most well-known diseases is the Wilson's disease, whose treatment consists of oral administration of chelators, i.e. chemical compounds, which are capable of binding copper ions in various proportions and eliminating them from the organism. Chelation therapy is currently the first choice after confirmation of the diagnosis. Chelation toxicity results from several factors, e.g. inhibition of copper dependent enzymes or low selectivity to metals. And precisely the selectivity of chelators is being discussed in this diploma thesis. An ideal chelator should not interact with any of the other physiological ions, that are necessary for the proper functioning of the organism. Five of the most frequently therapeutically or experimentally used substances /trientine, D-penicillamine,...

The objective of my diploma thesis was to determine the ecological impact of zinc and copper on the dairy and beef cattle breeding in the South-West Bohemia region at the farms located in the Šumava Protected Landscape Area, at the elevation from 750 m to 1070 m. The research included 4 cattle breeding farms, Posobice and Nemilkov {--} dairy cattle, and Hartmanice, Keple {--} beef cattle. In my thesis, I first evaluate the importance of zinc and copper as important mineral matters and their overall influence of the cattle organism. Furthermore, I evaluate their manifestations when these matters are lacking or in surplus in the organism. The final part of the thesis comprises two areas of findings. The first part focuses on the total intake in feed and mineral additives, the level of their content in blood plasma and their quantity excreted by cattle in the individual dairy and beef cattle breeding farms specified above. The second part researches the release of zinc and copper to the environment.

Pancreas is known to be an organ producing a variety of exocrine and endocrine substances, where also insulin belongs. This hormone is produced in the body almost solely by specialized β-cells of the Langerhans islets and is stored here in secretory granules. As the β-cells contain large number of these vesicles, an organism can quickly respond to the glucose stimulation. Completely processed insulin is formed in the secretory granules probably as a hexamer, where six insulin molecules are coordinated along two zinc bivalent cations. Appropriate β-cell response to higher glucose level and following insulin secretion is one of the key processes that regulate metabolism in the body. In order to study insulin production, its effects or secretion, permanent pancreatic cell lines are often used as biological models, out of primary cells from islets of Langerhans. This diploma thesis is focused on two permanent cell lines INS-1E and BRIN-BD11. We searched for the ability of the cells to produce insulin, if the hormone is fully processed, as well as zinc content, which could have a great influence on insulin's processing. Using different methods we compared these two cell lines with cells from the Langerhans islets. We succeeded in isolation of secretory granules from all three cell types and we plan to...

The diploma thesis is focused on the study of the influence of selected organic additives on the properties and morphology of zinc deposit on the negative electrode when used in zinc-air accumulators. Organic additives have been selected based on the study of literature and previously done experiments. The deposition was made on the tin plate electrodes in a solution of 6 mol/l KOH saturated with ZnO with added additives. All chosen additives were studied with a focus on the morphology of zinc deposit and with regard to their ability to suppress dendritic growth. Zinc morphology was studied by using a Tescan Vega 3 electron microscope and a Rigaku MiniFlex HR 600 X-ray diffractometer.

The diploma thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of zinc release during ferritic sintering on the permeability/inductance of ferrite ceramics. The theoretical part deals with the position of ferrites among other ceramic materials. It describes the basic characteristics of ferrites, their crystal structure and finally the problems that are directly related to their production and which fundamentally affect the magnetic properties of ferrites. In the second part of the work, the influence of the temperature and time of sintering and the position of the cores in the furnace during firing on the loss of zinc from the sample and subsequently on the electromagnetic properties of the prepared test specimens from industrial raw material mixtures was investigated. These are initial experiments, which will be followed by further research aimed at eliminating the problem of zinc loss in the production of Mn-Zn ferrites.

The thesis is focused on the theoretical description of the technology of anodizing of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and their alloys. In this work, methods for formation of oxide layers and the used chemical processes are described in detail. The experimental part of this work deals with formation of oxide layers on aluminium, magnesium and zinc of high purity under different conditions. Oxide layers of different thicknesses were created on all three experimental materials. Aluminium was anodized in a bath of 10% H2SO4, magnesium in the bath of 1 mol/dm3 NaOH, and zinc in the bath of 0.5 mol/dm3 NaOH. Processes were carried out at laboratory temperature. On the aluminium, continuous oxide layer was formed. Furthermore rule "312" was verified, that can indicatively be used for calculating the thickness of the resulting oxide layer on the aluminium. When using lower current of 0.08 and 0.2 A for magnesium anodizing, dark colored layer was created comparing to higher current of 0.5 A. More rough appearance of the oxide layer was produced with increasing voltage. Further, it was observed for magnesium that the resulting layer comprises of two sublayers. For zinc, black colored layer was created when the voltage 20 V and current from 0.4 to 0.5 A were used. In the layer, two sublayers were also observed. For lower voltage and current (0.05 A, 0.17 V), formation of the oxide layer on the zinc does not occur, but the crystallographic etching was observed.

The thesis deals with the analysis of corrosion resistance of machinery used in wastewater treatment plants. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the composition of waste water in terms of corrosion aggressiveness and describes the corrosive en-vironment in the WWTP. Furthermore, the types of corrosion are characterized and the exposed machinery of the WWTP with the highest level of corrosion is determined. The experimental part of the work is devoted to the analysis of corrosion resistance of corrosion-resistant austenitic steels and structural non-alloyed steels with duplex zinc coating and acrylate paint. Furthermore, structural low-alloyed steels with chemical-heat treatment by nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing in gas and structural non-alloyed steel with duplex system of phosphate + epoxy coating and zinc + epoxy coating are analysed as a possible replacement for stainless steels. The steels with duplex system of zinc + acrylate coating used in practice show little corrosion resistance (the first signs of corrosion after 12 h and 24 h). some chemical-heat treated steels and steel with duplex sys-tem of zinc + epoxy coating achieved the same corrosion resistance as stainless steels (264 h test time) and can be used in technical practice.

The soil, as a part of ecosystem, is permanently endangered by pollution and exposed to degradation. A large share on this pollution has a human. This problem is caused mainly by industrial production, agriculture and transport. Intensive chemical maintenance is necessary during winter. It is because of better driving on the roads. Chemicals gradually soak into the soil and contaminate it. This master thesis deals with the analysis of soil samples from close proximity of road from Veseli nad Luznici to Trebon. There was analyzed the concentration of copper, sodium and zinc. Samples were collected in two depths: from 0 to 15 cm (surface sample) and 15 to 30 cm (subsurface sample). The mentioned metals were analyzed by atomic spectrometry. The measured value concentration of copper was between 2.24 mg-kg-1 and 84.35 mg-kg-1, the sodium concentration was from 11 mg-kg-1 to 1 697 mg-kg-1 and the zinc concentration was in the range of 9 mg-kg-1 526 mg-kg-1. The highest concentration of copper (84.35 mg-kg-1) was found in the subsurface sample taken from the immediate proximity of the railway in February 2017. The highest concentration of sodium (1 697 mg-kg-1) was measured near the road in February 2016. The highest concentration of zinc (526 mg-kg-1) was measured near railway in October 2015.