This doctoral thesis is focused on the preparation of graphene layers by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and their utilization for fabrication and characterization of field effect transistors. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with different methods of graphene production and measurement of its transport properties. In the first part of the experimental section the growth of polycrystalline graphene and individual graphene crystals with sizes up to 300 m is investigated. Further, graphene layer was also grown on an atomically flat copper foils, which were fabricated in order to achieve the growth of graphene of higher quality. Subsequently, the transport properties of field effect transistors produced from the grown layers were measured. The last two chapters deal with a doping of graphene layer by gallium atoms and X-ray radiation. Whereas the deposition of gallium atoms on the graphene surface causes chemical doping of graphene layer by charge transfer, X-ray irradiation of graphene field effect transistors induces the ionization of positively charged defects in dielectrics, which electrostatically dope a graphene layer.

In this diploma thesis the impacts of both nitrogen fertilization and drought on the content of proteins of the gliadin fraction in case of a winter wheat variety Tiguan were observed. Selected samples were cultivated at two locations in a total duration of two years. Two different conditions were selected: one without the nitrogen fertilization (0 kg N/ ha) and the other with the nitrogen fertilization in 140 kg N/ ha concentration. Second observed factor was the drought which was ensured by roofs above the crops and their cultivation in common climatic environment. Gliadin fraction was separated by the A-PAGE method and the protein quantification carried out by a computer densitometry. Such nitrogen fertilization caused a significant increase of gliadins, especially -1,2 and -5 fractions. Stress induced by the drought caused an increase of gliadin content compared to the control sample, particularly in case of - and - fractions. The most important factor influencing the gliadin content in grains was therefore the nitrogen fertilization in a dry environment. The observed increase of gliadin content was lower in case of the sample which was fertilized in a humid environment than in case of the sample which was fertilized in the dry one.

Forest stands may act as important carbon storage places - sinks, due to carbon allocation into both the plant biomass in the process of photosynthesis and the soil. Enhancement of CO2 concentration affects a whole range of plant physiological processes and, thus, it is necessary to study its effect on photosynthetic apparatus - leaf anatomical structure and chloroplast ultrastructure. The first aim of the Thesis was to evaluate changes in chloroplast ultrastructure of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) under the effects of both elevated CO2 concentration and different irradiance. The second aim was to evaluate if the anatomical parameters obtained from the middle part of the leaf are representative for the whole leaf blade. The trees were grown in glass domes at the Bílý Kříž experimental site in the Beskids Mountains (Czech Republic), owned by the CzechGlobe Institute. Leaves were sampled in 2010 from juvenile trees, which were planted in 2005 being 5-year old and cultivated since then in ambient (AC; 390 micromol/mol) and elevated (EC; 700 micromol/mol) CO2 concentrations. The EC effect was recorded to be an increased proportion of starch grains in the chloroplast median section and decreased proportion of of intergranal thylakoids (IGT) while the ratio of granal to intergranal thylakoids...

<p><strong>Apstrakt je obrađen tehnologijama za optičko prepoznavanje teksta (OCR).</strong></p><p>Ispitan je uticaj heksanskih, etanolnih i etil-acetanih ekstrakata zrna soje i punomasnih hraniva od zrna soje, ekstrudiranog sojinog griza i hidrotermički tretiranog zrna soje, na termičku i katalitičku oksidaciju metil-linoleata primenom ESR spektroskopije i &quot;spin- traping&quot; tehnike. Utvrđeno je da ispitivani ekstrakti inhibiraju termičku i katalitičku oksidaciju metil-linoleata različitim mehanizmima antioksidativnog delovanja. Ustanovljeni antioksidativni efekti dovedeni su u vezu sa vrstama i sadržajem liposolubilnih (a-tokoferol, P-karotin, ukupni ksantofili) i neliposolubilnih antioksidanata (izoflavoni i fitinska kiselina) soje, odnosno u vezu sa termičkim tretmanima primenjenim u proizvodnji ovih hraniva. Ispitani su i uticaji primene različitih rastvarača (etil-acetat, etanol, acetonitril) na antioksidativne efekte ekstrakata neliposolubilnih antioksidanata punomasnih hraniva od zrna soje tokom termičke i katalitičke oksidacije sojinog ulja primenom ESR.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR).</strong></p><p>The influence of hexane, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of soybean grain and full-fat feeds of soybean grain, fullfat extruded soybean grits and hydrothermal treated soybean grain on the thermal and catalytic oxidation of methyl linoleate has been studied by ESR spectroscopy and spin-trapping method. It has been found that the investigated extracts inhibit the thermal and catalytic oxidation of methyl linoleate through different mechanisms of antioxidation action. The antioxidative effects found were related to the kinds and contents of soybean liposolubile (a-tocopherol, P-carotene, total xanthophyls) and nonliposolibile antioxidants (isoflavones, phytic acid), that is, they were put in relation to thermal treatments used in production of these feeds. The effects of the application of different solvents on the antioxidative actions of the extracts of nonliposolubile antioxidants of full-fat soybean feeds during thermal and catalytic oxidation of soybean oil have been studied by ESR.</p>

<p>У раду је проучаван начин наслеђивања приноса зрна и морфолошких својстава биљке и клипа, као и садржај уља у зрну, у две групе хибрида које су настале укрштањем две инбред линије са повећаним садржајем уља у зрну (1109/IV НС и 1039/IV НС) и шест тестера (НС 27/18, 568/II НС, 922 НС, 15 А НС, А-1 и А-729-5). У наслеђивању приноса зрна по биљци, компонентни приноса и морфолошких својстава, главну улогу има доминантан ефекат гена. У наслеђивању садржаја уља у зрну једино је код хибрида 1109/IV НС x 568/II НС, у обе године проучавања установљен значајнији ефекат адитивних гена. Утврђено је и значајно присуство неповољне интеракције између доминантних гена. За масу 1000 зрна код четири хибрида (1039/IV НС x НС 27/18, 1039/IV НС x 568/II НС, 1039/IV НС x НС 15 А и 1039/IV НС x А-1), као и за висину биљке и клипа код 1039/IV НС x НС 15 А, односно за висину биљке код 1039/IV x 568/II НС установљена је интеракција условљена комплементарним деловањем гена. У раду је одређења херитабилност у ужем, односно ширем смислу. За принос зрна по биљци установљене су средње вредности херитабилности у ширем смислу, и ниске и средње вредности херитабилности у ужем смислу, док су за остала проучавана својства установљене средње и високе вредности херитабилности у ширем смислу, и средње вредности херитабилности у ужем смислу.</p> / <p>U radu je proučavan način nasleđivanja prinosa zrna i morfoloških svojstava biljke i klipa, kao i sadržaj ulja u zrnu, u dve grupe hibrida koje su nastale ukrštanjem dve inbred linije sa povećanim sadržajem ulja u zrnu (1109/IV NS i 1039/IV NS) i šest testera (NS 27/18, 568/II NS, 922 NS, 15 A NS, A-1 i A-729-5). U nasleđivanju prinosa zrna po biljci, komponentni prinosa i morfoloških svojstava, glavnu ulogu ima dominantan efekat gena. U nasleđivanju sadržaja ulja u zrnu jedino je kod hibrida 1109/IV NS x 568/II NS, u obe godine proučavanja ustanovljen značajniji efekat aditivnih gena. Utvrđeno je i značajno prisustvo nepovoljne interakcije između dominantnih gena. Za masu 1000 zrna kod četiri hibrida (1039/IV NS x NS 27/18, 1039/IV NS x 568/II NS, 1039/IV NS x NS 15 A i 1039/IV NS x A-1), kao i za visinu biljke i klipa kod 1039/IV NS x NS 15 A, odnosno za visinu biljke kod 1039/IV x 568/II NS ustanovljena je interakcija uslovljena komplementarnim delovanjem gena. U radu je određenja heritabilnost u užem, odnosno širem smislu. Za prinos zrna po biljci ustanovljene su srednje vrednosti heritabilnosti u širem smislu, i niske i srednje vrednosti heritabilnosti u užem smislu, dok su za ostala proučavana svojstva ustanovljene srednje i visoke vrednosti heritabilnosti u širem smislu, i srednje vrednosti heritabilnosti u užem smislu.</p> / <p>In the present study, a mode of inheritance of grain yield, plant and ear morphological traits, as well as kernel oil content was observed in two groups of test-crosses, made by crossing two inbred lines with high oil content (1109/IV NS and 1039/IV NS) and six testers (NS 27/18, 568/II NS, 922 NS, 15 A NS, A-1 i A-729-5). The dominance gene effects for grain yield and morphological traits of plant and ear were more important than additive gene effects. For kernel oil content dominance was more important for almost all studied test-crosses. Additive gene effect was more important than dominance only for hybrid 1109/IV NS x 568/II NS. A significant presence of duplicate type of epistasis was determined. Besides of duplicate epistasis complementary type of epistasis was detected at four hybrids (1039/IV NS x NS 27/18, 1039/IV NS x 568/II NS, 1039/IV NS x NS 15 A, 1039/IV NS x A-1) for 1000-kernel weight. Also this type of epistasis was detected for plant and ear height at 1039/IV NS x NS 15 A, and for plant height at 1039/IV NS x 568/II NS. In the present study broad- and narrow-sense heritability have been evaluated. Medium broad-sence heritability, and low and medium narrow-sence heritability was detected for grain yield per plant, while for the other medium and high broad-sence heritability, as well as medium narrow-sence heritability have been determined.</p>

This thesis deals with image analysis methods which can be exploited in exoscopic analysis of sedimentary grains, specifically for the purpose of distinguishing between geomorphologic geneses which influenced a form of sedimentary grains. The images of sedimentary grains were acquired by a scanning electron microscope. The main contribution is the proposal of multiple methods that can significantly automate the exoscopic analysis. These methods cover the automatic segmentation of grains in image, the automatic analysis of roundness of 2D grain projection and the classification of geomorphologic geneses according to the grain surface structure. In the section concerning the automatic segmentation, a segmentation method enabling an easy subsequent manual result correction was proposed. This method is based on the split-and-merge approach. The individual steps the procedure were designed to exploit specific properties of sedimentary grain images in order to obtain the best segmentation results. In the section concerning the automatic roundness analysis of 2D projection of sedimentary grains, an influence of pixel resolution on a result roundness value was evaluated. Further, a minimal number of grains, which is necessary to analyze in order to reliably compare a pair of geomorphological geneses, was investigated. For the determination of this number, a method was proposed and experimentally verified. In the section of automatic analysis of sedimentary grain surface structure, a method for classification of geomorphologic geneses was proposed. The method utilizes low-level texture features which describes individual images of sedimentary grains. A model of geomorphological genesis is constituted of a set of histograms representing occurrences of different configurations of low-level texture features. The methods proposed in the thesis were tested and evaluated based on a database, which consists of sedimentary grain samples from 4 different geomorphological geneses (eolic, glacial, slope and volcanic).

This thesis deals with complex analysis of fine-grained magnesium alloy AZ91 prepared by ECAP process. Mechanical properties of investigated alloy in different states at various external conditions are compared. The structure of this material is inherently unstable therefore changes on microstructural and sub-microstructural level occur during thermal exposure and/or mechanical loading. These changes are analysed and quantified for investigated alloy in selected states in this thesis.

The theses presents results of experiments with spring barley started in years 2017 and 2018. The experiments were put into practice at Mr Jiří Nepovím's (BSc) place in Opatovice near Světlá nad Sázavou. Laudis 550 was used as the experimental variety of spring barley and the objective of the experiment was to observe the increasing amount of nitrogen and its effect on the resulting quantity and quality. The experimental amounts of nitrogen were set to 60 kg.ha-1, 75 kg.ha-1, 90 kg.ha-1, 105 kg.ha-1 and 120 kg.ha-1. With the increasing amount of nitrogen the crop increased of 0,2 - 0,4 t.ha-1. The share of nitrogen substances in grain increased of 0,2-0,5 %.

This master‘s thesis is presenting the way of the optimization of grinding characteristics when grinding cemented carbides by diamond wheels. There is described the theory of grinding, including grinding wheels and basic characteristics of cemented carbides in the theoretical part. There are defined experimental metering accomplished on the CNC grinding machine Walter Helitronic Power Mini in the practical part. There were tested eight grinding wheels. The grinding rate, surface roughness Ra, theoretic guaranteed storage period of grinding wheel in number of cuts, theoretical capacity of machined material, achievement of grinding machine and behaviour of the wheels when grinding ware evaluated from the reached results.