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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Besonderheiten der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Mikrostruktur dünner, polykristalliner Kupferschichten

Weihnacht, Volker 10 July 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Den Kern der Untersuchungen bildete die Messung der mechanischen Spannungen in dünnen Kupferschichten während thermischer Zyklen und nach Belastung durch Vierpunktbiegung. Parallel dazu wurden Charakterisierungen der Korngröße, der Textur und korninnerer Defekte, inbesondere von Versetzungen durchgeführt. Bei den Spannungsmessungen fielen folgende Besonderheiten auf: (i) höhere Festigkeiten mit abnehmender Schichtdicke, (ii) hohe Verfestigungsraten bei der Abkühlung, (iii) Asymmetrie der Fließspannungen in Zug- und Druckrichtung und (iv) hohe Spannungen bei hohen Temperaturen. Da die klassischen Plastizitätsmodelle diese Besonderheiten zu erklären vermögen, wurden zwei neue Modelle entwickelt. Das erste beschreibt eine effektive Verfestigung auf der Basis elastischer Wechselwirkungen zwischen mobilen Versetzungen und sich an der Schicht/Substrat-Grenzfläche ansammelnder Versetzungen. Das zweite Modell bezieht sich auf das Korngrenzendiffusionskriechen und erklärt dessen Behinderung durch die unvollständige laterale elastische Relaxation auf einem Substrat haftender Körner. Das gesamte thermomechanische Verhalten kann nur aus dem Zusammenwirken verschiedener strukturbildender und Plastizitäts-Mechanismen beschrieben werden.
2

Besonderheiten der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Mikrostruktur dünner, polykristalliner Kupferschichten

Weihnacht, Volker 14 December 2001 (has links)
Den Kern der Untersuchungen bildete die Messung der mechanischen Spannungen in dünnen Kupferschichten während thermischer Zyklen und nach Belastung durch Vierpunktbiegung. Parallel dazu wurden Charakterisierungen der Korngröße, der Textur und korninnerer Defekte, inbesondere von Versetzungen durchgeführt. Bei den Spannungsmessungen fielen folgende Besonderheiten auf: (i) höhere Festigkeiten mit abnehmender Schichtdicke, (ii) hohe Verfestigungsraten bei der Abkühlung, (iii) Asymmetrie der Fließspannungen in Zug- und Druckrichtung und (iv) hohe Spannungen bei hohen Temperaturen. Da die klassischen Plastizitätsmodelle diese Besonderheiten zu erklären vermögen, wurden zwei neue Modelle entwickelt. Das erste beschreibt eine effektive Verfestigung auf der Basis elastischer Wechselwirkungen zwischen mobilen Versetzungen und sich an der Schicht/Substrat-Grenzfläche ansammelnder Versetzungen. Das zweite Modell bezieht sich auf das Korngrenzendiffusionskriechen und erklärt dessen Behinderung durch die unvollständige laterale elastische Relaxation auf einem Substrat haftender Körner. Das gesamte thermomechanische Verhalten kann nur aus dem Zusammenwirken verschiedener strukturbildender und Plastizitäts-Mechanismen beschrieben werden.
3

Cooling of electrically insulated high voltage electrodes down to 30 mK / Kühlung von elektrisch isolierten Hochspannungselektroden bis 30 mK

Eisel, Thomas 07 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy (AEGIS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is an experiment investigating the influence of earth’s gravitational force upon antimatter. To perform precise measurements the antimatter needs to be cooled to a temperature of 100 mK. This will be done in a Penning trap, formed by several electrodes, which are charged with several kV and have to be individually electrically insulated. The trap is thermally linked to a mixing chamber of a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator. Two link designs are examined, the Rod design and the Sandwich design. The Rod design electrically connects a single electrode with a heat exchanger, immersed in the helium of the mixing chamber, by a copper pin. An alumina ring and the helium electrically insulate the Rod design. The Sandwich uses an electrically insulating sapphire plate sandwiched between the electrode and the mixing chamber. Indium layers on the sapphire plate are applied to improve the thermal contact. Four differently prepared test Sandwiches are investigated. They differ in the sapphire surface roughness and in the application method of the indium layers. Measurements with static and sinusoidal heat loads are performed to uncover the behavior of the thermal boundary resistances. The thermal total resistance of the best Sandwich shows a temperature dependency of T-2,64 and is significantly lower, with roughly 30 cm2K4/W at 50 mK, than experimental data found in the literature. The estimated thermal boundary resistance between indium and sapphire agrees very well with the value of the acoustic mismatch theory at low temperatures. In both designs, homemade heat exchangers are integrated to transfer the heat to the cold helium. These heat exchangers are based on sintered structures to increase the heat transferring surface and to overcome the significant influence of the thermal resistance (Kapitza resistance). The heat exchangers are optimized concerning the adherence of the sinter to the substrate and its sinter height, e.g. its thermal penetration length. Ruthenium oxide metallic resistors (RuO2) are used as temperature sensors for the investigations. They consist of various materials, which affect the reproducibility. The sensor conditioning and the resulting good reproducibility is discussed as well.
4

Cooling of electrically insulated high voltage electrodes down to 30 mK

Eisel, Thomas 04 October 2011 (has links)
The Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy (AEGIS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is an experiment investigating the influence of earth’s gravitational force upon antimatter. To perform precise measurements the antimatter needs to be cooled to a temperature of 100 mK. This will be done in a Penning trap, formed by several electrodes, which are charged with several kV and have to be individually electrically insulated. The trap is thermally linked to a mixing chamber of a 3He-4He dilution refrigerator. Two link designs are examined, the Rod design and the Sandwich design. The Rod design electrically connects a single electrode with a heat exchanger, immersed in the helium of the mixing chamber, by a copper pin. An alumina ring and the helium electrically insulate the Rod design. The Sandwich uses an electrically insulating sapphire plate sandwiched between the electrode and the mixing chamber. Indium layers on the sapphire plate are applied to improve the thermal contact. Four differently prepared test Sandwiches are investigated. They differ in the sapphire surface roughness and in the application method of the indium layers. Measurements with static and sinusoidal heat loads are performed to uncover the behavior of the thermal boundary resistances. The thermal total resistance of the best Sandwich shows a temperature dependency of T-2,64 and is significantly lower, with roughly 30 cm2K4/W at 50 mK, than experimental data found in the literature. The estimated thermal boundary resistance between indium and sapphire agrees very well with the value of the acoustic mismatch theory at low temperatures. In both designs, homemade heat exchangers are integrated to transfer the heat to the cold helium. These heat exchangers are based on sintered structures to increase the heat transferring surface and to overcome the significant influence of the thermal resistance (Kapitza resistance). The heat exchangers are optimized concerning the adherence of the sinter to the substrate and its sinter height, e.g. its thermal penetration length. Ruthenium oxide metallic resistors (RuO2) are used as temperature sensors for the investigations. They consist of various materials, which affect the reproducibility. The sensor conditioning and the resulting good reproducibility is discussed as well.

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