碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / The purpose of this study was to survey the relationship between leisure satisfaction and exercise for the aged people. This was conducted in the method of one-group pretest- posttest. Eleven males and eleven females, over 65 years old from Sam-Ming District and Nan-Tzu District of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan, served as the subjects of this study. The research tools were Leisure Satisfaction Scale for the Aged People, a revision of Beard and Ragheb Scale (1980), and the physical information before and after exercise, such as weight, blood pressure, flexibility, and rest heart rate. Description statistic, paired-sample t test, one way analysis of variance, principle component analysis, and gray relational analysis were utilized for data analysis. Within the scope of this study, the following conclusions were derived: 1. There are no gender differences in leisure satisfaction. 2. The more elderly, the higher level of leisure satisfaction. 3. The Leisure satisfaction of the unhealthy elderly increased after 3-month training of Yuan-Ji Dance. 4. The wealthier elderly have higher leisure satisfaction. 5. The more highly educated people have higher leisure satisfaction after 3-month training of Yuan-Ji Dance. 6. People who have proper free time have higher leisure satisfaction than those who have less or too much free time. 7. The people with more sleep (6-8 hrs) have higher leisure satisfaction than who sleep less (1-2 hrs; 3-5 hrs). 8. The weight, blood pressure, flexibility, and rest heart rate of the subjects are significantly improved after the training of Yuan-Ji Dance (p＜.05). 9. Leisure Satisfaction Scales before and after the test are positively correlated(r=.87). 10. Fitness items before and after the test are negatively correlated (r= -.78). 11. Ideal fitness function signals and the leisure satisfaction level and exercise are not significantly correlated.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Ministry of Education set up the mid-term plan to improve the basic swimming skills of students but is troubled by the lack of swimming facilities. On the other hand, with the increasing needs of the sport facilities of the general public, the facilities belonging to schools has a tendency to open to the public. Because of the embarrassment of finance, the government considers to have the school sport facility operated by the private, with the Law of Promoting Private-Sector to Participate in Public Construction. Under those backgrounds, this study takes the swimming pool facility of Taipei city junior high school as the subject to find out the suitable management pattern by combining the department of physical education in college and university, private profit organizations, and management department of public sport facilities as the presupposition, to attract the private organizations to participate and improve the efficient use of the facilities. Also, it will help to balance the school funds of colleges and universities and let the students of department of physical education can learn for the application. This study uses documents discussion, nowadays situations reviews, and expert interviews to construct five patterns of solutions (leading by the public sport facility, leading by the college and university, leading by the private profit organizations, leading by the profit intermediary organizations, and leading by the nonprofit intermediary organizations) and establishes the evaluation standard. Then the researcher use the questionnaires designed according to analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cooperated with Delphi technique to find out the most appropriate management pattern. The study result shows that to use the equipment efficiently is the most important thing, following by that students can learn for the propose of application, the next is to attract the private profit organizations to invest their resources, and at last is to balance the school funds. The evaluation tells us that the pattern of leading by the private profit organizations and the pattern of leading by the profit intermediary organizations can reach the best performance as a whole.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 自然科學教育學系 / 89 / This research undertook a general survey about the concepts regarding atom, molecule and particle among the primary school pupils around Taiwan. The purposes were firstly to develop a reliable and validated concept instrument to investigate primary pupils'' understanding and misconceptions of the above concepts. In-depth interviews had been undertaken to explore what are held in pupils'' cognitive constructions. The ultimate goal is to provide detailed mechanism of primary pupils'' conceptual understanding profiles in Taiwan so that they may be helpful to the curriculum designers and textbook writers. Concepts regarding atom, molecule and particle play a vital role in many fields of primary school science, however, most pupils have suffered great difficulties in this aspect. A pilot study had been conducted with a sample of 754 primary school pupils using reliable and validated concept instruments. The structured interviews with the 78 selected subjects was subsequently held and used to support the need to direct an individual''s attention to specific features. Based upon the results from questionnaires and interviews with sample students, the main findings are listed as following: (A) No significant differences are found in the misconceptions about particles held among pupils from different areas or between pupils of different genders. (B) There are significant differences among the response types of pupils when three kinds of questionnaires were administered to them. (C) The main types of particle conceptions and misconceptions held by the primary students can be classified into four categories: a. Misconceptions about particles that construct matter. b. Misconceptions about particles that construct the same matter in different states. c. Misconceptions about particles that construct the matter during phase change process. d. Misconceptions about the scientific terms and daily language used to illustrate particles that construct the matter.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 自然科學教育學系 / 89 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the notorious 921 Earthquake on senior elementary students in quake area versus non-quake area. The target variables in this study were the knowledge of earthquake, the post-traumatic stress, tendency of aggressive behavior, and post-traumatic learning behavior.　Nine elementary schools in quake-area and 12 in non-quake-areas in Tai-Chung County were selected.　We then selected students from two classes of 5th grade, and another two classes of 6th grade in each school as the sample. The total subjects from quake area were 733 (390 males and 343 females), and 1201 from non-quake area (603 males and 598 females). “Questionnaire of Quake Knowledge”, “PTSD Questionnaire”, and “Personal Life Experience Questionnaire” were administered.　Sixteen subjects were chosen later for interview.　The results showed subjects from quake area had better knowledge about earthquake (mean=10.31) than subjects from non-quake area (mean=9.88) at .05 significant level.　They also had higher aggressive behavior tendency (mean=67.85) than non-quake area subjects (mean=66.10) at .05 level.　No significant result was found on post-traumatic stress.　Gender also yielded significant difference.　Females had higher stress level (mean=31.36) than males (mean=30.38) at .05 level; whereas males showed more aggressive behavior (mean=68.43) than females (mean=65.53) at .05 level.　However, no gender difference was found on knowledge.　Interview data suggested elementary students had insufficient knowledge about earthquake in general.　And their knowledge was seldom obtained from formal classroom education.　Two conclusions were then made.　Firstly, the lack of knowledge of natural disaster in elementary school is general and serious.　Secondly, the impact of earthquake on elementary students is much more severe in quake area than in non-quake area.　Students were influenced both on their general psychological health, and on their learning behaviors.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 自然科學教育學系 / 89 / This research investigates elementary students'' knowledge, attitude and behavior related to earthquake in one year after 921 earthquake. The subjects for this research were 245 children, 122 forth graders and 123 sixth graders, from an elementary school in Nantau country. A questionnaire was developed for collecting quantitative data. The study also used interviews to obtain qualitative data. The result indicated that (1) the reason to cause earthquake, (2) the method to predict earthquake, (3) the extent of concerning earthquake were different according to grade level and gander most of subjects thought the effective approaches to prevent earthquake disaster were to protect the nature and to heed the construction engineering. TV was mentioned as major source to obtain information about earthquake. The police, the fireman, and the rescue were noted as the status most relevance to earthquake. In addition, children indicted the east and the central part of Taiwan have more potential to cause earthquake in the future. Although they concerned the earthquake damage to human society, children did not reveal pratical action in their daily life for preventing the possible damages caused by the earthquake.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 自然科學教育學系 / 89 / This research was conducted to explore how a professional development group was formed and operated, the way elementary science teachers interacted with one another as well as what they experienced to improve their science teaching. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: Firstly, science teachers found their ways to solve the problems on teaching and thus promoted teacher''s professional growth during the meeting. Secondly, by changing the exam/learning system, science teachers in this group learned to recognize students'' abilities, various attitude and co-operation with other students during the practical sessions, so that they were able to identify how much their students had acquired in the learning. Moreover, science fair contest was found to be a good tool for stimulating students'' willing of involvement and process skills to inspire their scientific creativity. Thirdly, interactive discussions and sharing personal experiences were found to be a good way for teachers to get more professional knowledge. In addition, the internet home-page designing activity not only improved their independent research ability also offered more options for science teaching. Fourthly, teaching beliefs and teaching practices of two teachers'' in this group were observed to have changed obviously. Fifthly, some difficult problems were encountered during running this professional growth group, such as the administration interfering with sample teachers'' science teaching, the school climate resisting change, the conflict to reach group''s common consensus and individual participant''s motivation etc. Because of those difficulties, several participants dropped off; however, most participants still gave their strong support for this group. Based upon the previous findings, it is suggested that science teachers should keep on life-long learning and improve their teaching practices by setting up their own professional development groups.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 數學教育研究所 / 89 / The main purpose of this research was to explore the effects of the Web-based learning system for mathematical achievement of primary school students with mild mental retardation. An experiment of multiple-baseline design across subjects, which included baseline, treatment, and maintenance phases, was conducted to three students from Pu-Li Primary School. In the baseline phase, researcher only observed three subjects'' behaviors and evaluated their levels of mathematical ability. In the treatment phase, three subjects accepted the intervention of Web-based learning system one after another. When they were taught, researcher observed their behavior simultaneously and evaluated their levels of mathematical ability after teaching. In the maintenance phases, researcher removed all interventions and handled subjects as in the baseline phase. The independent variable of this research is the Web-based learning system for mathematical achievement of students with mild mental retardation. The dependent variables of this research are three subjects'' learning performance of mathematical and inattentive behaviors. The data were analyzed with visual inspection and C statistics of simplified time-series analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The Web-based learning system for mathematical, achievement of students with mild mental retardation could enhance three subjects'' learning performance of mathematics. 2. Three subjects'' learning performance of mathematics which gained from Web-based learning system for mathematical achievement of students with mild mental retardation remained after a week. 3. The Web-based learning system for mathematical achievement of students with mild mental retardation could not influence three subjects'' inattentive behaviors significantly. The findings were discussed and recommendations for the teaching and further researches were offered in this research based on the results.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 數學教育研究所 / 89 / The develop of mathematics curriculum in primary schools in our country leading by calculation of number and relation of number for a long time, and the domain of shape always overlooked. The weight-bearing point of education on geometry always emphasize that to know basic shape and calculation of length of the edge, circumference, measure of area, be short of realizing the property, relation, operation, and described of shape. Although internal mathematics curriculum have been emphasized, but geometry curriculum always executed with quantity, measure, number, calculation. Researches about geometry mostly contain shape, measure, and calculation of geometry so this researches try to aimed "concepts of shapes" . This research used the IRS analysis probe into the triangle relational structures of the 5 grade in primary schools for differently gender, regions, and the kind of school which they study. Then compare the relational structures with van Hiele levels, and probe into the miss concepts of child. This article get the following conclusions about 5 grade in primary schools : 1. They have better accomplishment to recognize right triangle and isogonal triangle then isosceles triangle. The structure of concept is the picture basic-identify & basic. 2. Even the gender of the students are different, they still have the same structure of concept. The main difference is the concept structure of boys, the concepts which edge of triangles are straight and basic decision of isogonal triangle shape make for a independent system, but the girls don''t; & triangles is a closed space and relation between waist and base of isosceles triangle, these two concepts are more difficult to understand for girls. 3. From the data of the research the north area and east area have the likely structure, the south area has different structure with other areas. In south area has the outcome: relation between waist and base of isosceles triangle and decision of rotated isogonal triangle shape, these two concepts are not affected by others. Among all areas, the middle area has the best achievement, but others alse have not too bad outcome. Only in the south area students their connection of each concept isn''t so tightly. 4. In each type of student concept structure, the city type student concept structure & country type student concept structure both start from some concept alone, the toen type student concept structure doesn''t appear, and the country type student concept is most strong. 5. Van Hiele Levels doesn''t specially distribute among some degree of difficulty on triangle''s concept structure. Different from van Hiele model of thinking in geometry, reaching level I needn''t to reach level 0 previously.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 國民教育研究所 / 89 / This study aimed at the Teachers Colleges'' "elementary school internship" program''s content and learning outcome, for the purpose to understand practical state of practicum programs and find some suggestions that aimed to investigate the opinions of Teachers Colleges on "elementary school intemship" programs'' teaching to reform in the future. The study is conducted by questionnaire survey. There are 484 samples randomly selected from 8 Teachers Colleges in Taiwan with a return rate of 38%., and 176 are responded (valid response rate=94%) in the study. The research tool is "Elementary School Internship" program''s Questionnaire". The questionnaire focuses on : General giving lessons contents of "Elementary School Internship" programs, Experience Programs, teaching methods and grades of "Elementary School Intemship" programs, and that how to help student. Moreover, "Elementary School Internship" programs ought to increase contents, as well as raised other proposals to reform. Data are analyzed by frequencies distribution, per cent, Chi-square under α =.05 significant level. In review above will reach the following conclusions: 1. An object of curriculum of "Elementary School Internship" program are followed object of internship of a teacher training school the Republic of China was established in 1978 by department of education. 2. The viewpoints and opinions of Intern Teacher for "Elementary School Internship" programs: (1) In general giving lessons contents: the highest item which have had learning is writing teaching plan, the most helpful is practiced pedagogy.. (2) In Experience Programs: the highest item which have had experiencing is gathering intern, the most helpful is gathering intern. (3) In teaching methods: the most used method is "teacher''s introduction→student''s discussion→teacher sorted, the most helpful is "experience of correlation of people". (4) To arrange of tasks and judgment: at mast of the items are "what one has learned", "to visits", "to learn on the job as a beginner" or "representation of practical training". (5) The most of the contents to increased are "classroom management" of general giving lessons contents and "try to teacher" of Experience Programs.

碩士 / 國立台中師範學院 / 國民教育研究所 / 89 / This study was based on Feuerstein''s cognition theory, to assume that learner'' s cognitive structure and function can be modified. The researcher adopted dynamic assessment to encourage development of cognitive ability of learners, to observe learners how to learn and think, and to evaluate how far learning bridge, and to project learning propensity. This study adopted case study method. The subjects were two 4th grade elementary school students of learning disability. The researcher to draw up enrichment program which include organization of dots、comparisons、memory strategies and analogical reasoning. The academic adjustment questionnaire, WISC-III, and checklist of learning capacity were used for assessing purposes. Participant observation, interviews, and document analyses and assessment were employed to collect data. 　　The main findings of this study were as follow： There were evidences in children''s cognitive function modified. The learners had improvement in a number of ways in perception organization, information process, reasoning thinking and problem solving after thinking skill enrichment program. Furthermore, the learners also had improved in learning adjustment after enrichment instruction. Learners and parents had positive attitude in thinking skill enrichment program. 　　According to these findings, the researcher suggested as follow： 1.It would be helpful for teachers to apply dynamic assessment in diagnosing and counseling learning disability, building appropriate enrichment, and providing learners with opportunity to think. 　　2.It is suggested to apply mediated learning in education for parents. 　　3.In future research it would be better to consider the character of natural situation in school, to adopt action research, to prolong the time of research and to explore different objects, and to probe learning transfer in academic domains.