碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Abstract The purposes of this study were to understand the consumer behavior of dance classes in Taichung. The study subjects were the parents of the 270 students of Taichung Mien Mien Dance Class. Questionnaire of dance class consumer behavior developed by the writer was used as the tool for carrying out the survey. Based on the information derived from the actual survey, and employing descriptive statistics, factor analysis, variant analysis, Duncan Verification methodology and t verification, the following conclusions were drawn after data analysis via SAS 6.12 package software: 1.The parents of the study class were concentrated in the age bracket of 36-45 (69.8%); mostly above university education level (57.8%). Homemaker was the primary occupation claim (34.9%), and income level was mostly over NT$70,000 (60.3%). The average age for their children’s starting dance lessons was around six; the average years of learning were four to five years. The main source of information was recommendation from friends and relatives (64.6%). 2.The primary motives for the parents to have their children receive dance lessons were “physical and mental health”, “the need for love and sense of belonging”, “cognitive needs”. 3.The parents were more satisfied with “background of the establishment and fee”, and the main concern was “safety and security of the facilities”. In the aspect of faculty, the parents were more pleased with the “personal charm of the teachers”, and the main concern was the “teaching method”. Greater satisfaction in the area of course design and choice of teaching materials lies with “teaching evaluation”, and the main concern was the administrative staff’s “service attitude”. 4.The parents of different population statistical variants show significant variance in the degree of satisfaction and concern in terms of criteria for Taichung Mien Mien Dance Class, faculty, course design and choice of teaching materials as well as the administration’s service attitude. 5.The parents show significant variance in the degree of satisfaction and concern with the study class’ service.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore students’ leisure lives, leisure attitude, and the needs of leisure counseling at the National Shui—Li Vocational Senior High School. In order to understand whether leisure counseling performs its function and to build up concrete projects for students to correct their cognition toward leisure counseling , a discussion on counselor’s opinions about leisure counseling was also managed. 1,016 students at the National Shui—Li Vocational High Senior in the 89th school year were selected as the subjects and asked to answer the self-designed questionnaire titled “ The National Shui—Li Vocational School Student’s Scale”. The gathered data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe’s test, and Pearson product- moment correction. Based on the data analysis of the study, the following results are derived: 1. The National Shui—Li Vacational Senior High School should emphasize more on the aspect of leisure behavior. The leisure counseling should be aided because students have higher requirement in self-exploration. 2. There are significant differences among cognition, affection and needs of leisure counseling on gender groups. 3. There are significant differences among grades, dormitories, and leisure participating time on leisure attitude, leisure counseling and the needs of leisure counseling. 4. In addition to behavior and self-exploration, there are significant relations among cognition, emotion, the needs of meaning and function, the needs of intention and resource, the needs of ability and skill on leisure attitude, and the needs of leisure counseling. 5.According to results of the study, leisure-counseling strategy is proposed to the National Shui—Li Vacational Senior High School. Keywords: recreation, leisure counseling

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Seventeen Judo athletes who had suffered a tear of anterior cruciate ligament injury from the National College Physical Education and Sports between the year of 1988 to 2000 participated in the study. Qualitative study, depth personal interviews, content analysis, field observation, semi-structure interviews were used for the collection of information of the study. It was hope that through the in depth analysis of the mechanism of injury, prevention against the ACL injury can be sought. Within the limitations and delimitation of the study, the following results were found: 1.The mechanism of the ACL injury for Judo athletes included a direct impact on the knee, and a twist of the knee during exercise. 2.The passive defend was a factor of causing injury. The athlete who defended passively did not know how to react during an attack by the opponent. 3.The poor technique was another factor of causing injury. Due to the poor technique, the athlete would generate undue stress or overload on the knee joint, therefore, causing ACL injury. 4.Poor Ukemi skills resulted in poor landing skill that caused overload to the knee. 5.ACL injury rarely induced by single factor. It may take several factors to occur concurrently to cause an ACL injury. Those factors included:1) counter movement by the injured athlete against an attack, 2) change of direction of movement by the opponent that cause knee to hyperextension and valgus and internal rotation force, 3) direct impact on the femur that cause anterior shift of the tibia. . 6.There was a positive correction between the injury rate and the amount of training load. However, the causes of ACL injury can not be positively proven with the increase of training load. 7.Most of the injuries occurred when the athletes used single leg to support their body weight during attack move. This would put too much stress on the knee. Therefore, it was suggested that when using single leg skill to attack, the kuzushi movements should be properly used and keep body balance to reduce undue stress on the supporting leg. 8.Poor physical conditioning and return too early from the previous injury were also contributing factors to cause ACL injury.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Selection and Training are two major issues in cultivating swimming sportsmen. No matter how comprehensively and exhaustively theory study has ever engaged,field investigation analyzing the contrasts of concepts of selecting and training swimming coaches is the crucial factor which might beneficial to the integration of theory and practice. Engaging in the study, the researcher’s paramount motivation and objectives intend to analyzing the concepts of selecting and training of domestic swimming coaches. Through the findings of the study, the researcher hopes to provide useful information for the reference of teaching and training courses henceforth. Besides, the study might also provide useful reference for the associated institutions which promote swimming sports championships. Furthermore, it seeks mutual communication in theory and practice among individual and swimming coaches in general. The study through the processes of collecting data, interviewing, designing questionnaire, investigating and analyzing 137 coaches has the following findings, which are: 1. The basic information reveals that most of the coaches are male under 40 years old, having accepted the training of swimming courses, and currently are engaged in the practical work of swimming training and teaching businesses, and serve simultaneously as coaches of the Hsien, city or school swimming champion teams. 2. The investigating results which enquiring coaches about the issues of “selection” and “training” in the questionnaire are obviously disseminated at the specific items. 3. Selection work makes the paramount effect on the “training effects”; the conception of “objective selection”, “practical testing” and “observation method” are the generally used methods of selection. 4. ”Swimming skills” and “Sport capability” are used as criteria for selecting a sport genius. 5. Predicting the best performance of sportsmen, usually much depended solely on “coaches’ experiences”, is quite doubtful. It might conflict with the concept of scientific selection. 6. Selection should begin at the age between 6- 10 years old, body type selection should according to each individual’s “body proportion”, the concept findings are quite match with theory. 7. Through “personality psychology symptom” aspect to select sportsmen undoutly is the prevailing selection concept which most coaches are usually applying. However, the validity of the method is quite doubtful. It deserves to be further studied. 8. In the aspect of training, “muscle force” or “tolerance to lactic acid”, and “flexibility”, “coordination” are the emphasizing points in concepts and physical training. 9. In the aspect of skill instruction, the emphasize on “swimming posture” has some great difference with the study of general scholars; while only through “long time cultivaion” can cultivate national or international championship sportsmen is quite similar to scholars’ accountant results. 10. Emphasizing “physical capability” and “underwater training” are the training concept which most domestic coaches propose. 11. Through the analysis of various background, most of the issues in the questionnaire reveals though the backgrounds are different, the responses do not attain the obvious difference in accountance.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Abstract There are more than 80 foreign countries issuing sport lottery, nowadays. The total cost of sport lottery every year is about US$200 million and becomes important funds of each government for social welfare and sport development. The purpose of this study is to probe the feasibility of issuing sport lottery in Taiwan. A questionnaire was developed by the investigator to survey the attitudes of residents toward sport lottery. The subject included the population of the residents above 20 years old in Taichung city and county. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 600 people and 560 of them were collected with a return rate of 93%. The valid questionnaires collected were 518 and thus were analyzed. Descriptive Statistics were utilized for presenting the basic information of the interviewees, two-way ANOVA was utilized for analyze the purchasing experiences and demographics, and chi-square test was utilized for analyzing the relation between purchasing behaviors and demographics. The following conclusions were derived: 1.People who have bought sport lottery tickets before are more in favor of issuing sport lottery than those who have not. 2.Focusing on the purchasing experiences and demographics, there are significant relations between purchasing experiences and gender in the variation of social atmosphere, between purchasing experiences and vocations in the variation of issuing methods and between purchasing experiences and locations in the variation of issuing methods. 3.Focusing on the variation of social atmosphere, there is a significant difference between males and females who have bought lottery tickets before. 4.In the issuing methods of purchasing experiences and vocations, people who have purchased the lottery tickets are more in the field of business, labor markets and public services. Moreover, people who have not purchased the lottery tickets are more in the field of education than of labor markets. 5.The number of people who have bought lottery tickets in Taichung County is more than that of people live in Taichung City. 6.Age has significant relation to agreements. Among people at the age of 26 to 30, people who are in favor of issuing lottery tickets are more than those who disagree or have no comment. 7.Purchasing experiences have significant relation to agreements. People who have bought lottery tickets before are more in favor of issuing sport lottery than those who have never bought them. Key words: Sport Lottery, Attitudes, Questionaire

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / The purpose of this study was to examine the predictions of perfectionism, achievement goal orientations, and perceived ability on dancers’ performance anxiety. This study sampled 243 intercollegiate dancers with mean age of 21.64 (SD±1.71) who participated in their yearly graduating performance. All subjects completed Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS, Frost, Marten, Lahart & Rosenblate, 1990). Task and Ego Orientation in Dance Questionnaire (TEODQ; Chung, 2001) and Perceived Ability Scale a month ago prior to performance. Next, all subjects completed Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, 1970) after performance to record and recall their anxiety state before and after performance. By using descriptive, paired-samples t test, correlational, and multiple regression analyses, this study found there were significant differences between pre-performance and after-performance anxiety of all dancers. Post-hoc analysis also revealed dancers’ pre-performance anxiety was significant higher than after-performance anxiety. Further, Pearson correlation analyses indicated that neurotic perfectionism factors--“parental criticism”, “concern over mistakes”, “doubts about actions” positively correlated with pre-and-after performance anxiety while normal perfectionism factors─“personal standards” and “organization” were negatively correlated with pre-and-after performance anxiety. Also, ego orientation positively correlated with pre-and-after performance anxiety while perceived ability negatively correlated with pre-and-after performance anxiety. Moreover, a stepwise multiple regression analysis found “parental criticism” of perfectionism, ego orientation and perceived ability predicted pre-performance anxiety while “concern over mistakes” and “organization” of perfectionism predicted after-performance anxiety. This study concluded that dancers’ perfectionism and other social cognition factors indeed predicted dancers’ performance anxiety. Future research may apply social theories to study dancers’ emotions and behavior in order to expand the areas of the psychology of dance.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / Abstract The main purpose on the research was to define a category of leadership of fitness club coaches by quantifying scale of leader and leadership of fitness club coaches, and also designed a revised "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches", according to the specific/very circumstances of a fitness club, as a guideline of leadership of fitness club coaches for fitness industry. The researchers gathered all relative papers and the content of quantifying scale about leadership, and summarized the main characters and the aspects of component of the leadership of fitness club coaches, in order to clarify the aspects of all necessary behaviors of leadership of fitness club coaches and further more, to develop detailed evaluation of all aspects of leadership. The research was finalized the first step by requesting 12 professionals, either with physical management and physical psychology background or being fitness managers for years, to revise and evaluate the questions of quantifying scales. The research was judgment sampling 7 metropolitan-type fitness clubs and the data collected by questionnaires for sampling members of the 7 target clubs. Valid questionnaires were 368 copies out of total 700 questionnaires sent. The research was selecting questions by several statistics analysis methods. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the validity of the hypothesized factors, and finalized the questions of the formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches" to be 33 items by expurgating 73. The formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches" was pointed by Likert 5-point scale. About every factor of the validity testing on the formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of Fitness club coaches". This research was taken structure validity as criterion, the five major factors of remained explaining was 59.874 % of the variance. After item analysis and factor analysis selecting, there were 33 items to form Quantifying Scale of Leadership of fitness club coaches. It could be shown good structure validity in fitness club members. The Cronbachα efficient for the reliability test of 5 evaluating aspects of formal "Quantifying Scale of Leadership of Fitness club coaches" were all higher than the 0.7 accepted level. Therefore, it showed that the scale was relatively highly stable and liable. Then it went with the names of all factor aspects; the first factor, named as training and instructing behavior, was covered in 12 questions; the second factor, named as communication and interaction behavior, was covered in 9 questions; the third factor, named as social support behavior, was covered in 5 questions, the 4th factor, named as charismatic leadership behavior, was covered in 4 questions; the 5th factor, named as relative expertise, was covered in 3 questions. Keywords: coach leadership behavior, fitness club, leadership scale

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / This study was designed to investigate the “athlete’s endorsement” strategy of Nu Skin in Taiwan. Nu Skin Taiwan, Inc., who sponsored famous table tennis player, Jing Chen. In literature, several benefits are pointed out to having celebrities endorse the related sporting products. The two most commonly cited are (a) increasing brand, product, and company awareness and (b) brand, product, and company image building (Cornwell, 1995). According to Dyson and Turco (1997), the third benefit is that athletes can provide testimony for a product of service, particularly when the product has contributed to their celebrity. The essence of an endorsement strategy consists in creating an emotional tie between the consumer and the athlete-endorsers. The positive associations that, in people’s perception, are attached to the athlete (e.g. success, invincibility, …) have to be transferred to the product (Belch & Belch, 1998). The methodology of this study was to interview the CEO of Nu Skin, the manager of Public Relations Corporate Communications, Jing Chen’s agent and Jing Chen, herself. After analyzing the results of these interviews, it concluded that the motivations for Nu Skin to sponsor Jing Chen included; (1) She can enhance the image of Nu Skin. (2) She is one of the elite female table tennis players in the world. (3) She has been used the Nu Skin products for a while so that she play a vital role of selling Nu Skin product to consumers. (4) She was very familiar with the products that she endorsed. The considerable factors of this event were: 1. Jing Chen has a delicate and pretty image. 2.She is a person with wisdom and high moral standard. 3. She is a world-famous table tennis player. The cooperative relationship between Nu Skin and Jing Chen were: 1. Nu Skin Taiwan provides products for Jing Chen and pays her an endorsement fee, which is agreed to by all parties. 2. Nu Skin Taiwan wants her to attend new product presentations as part of her endorsement responsibilities. As a result of mutual cooperation this sponsorship agreement give both sides very much benefits. Otherwise, the most important for Nu Skin now is how to estimate the effective of this sponsored event.

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 /

碩士 / 國立臺灣體育學院 / 體育研究所 / 89 / The purposes of this study were to investigate: 1.The tendency of elementary students’ leisure attitude in Nantou county. 2.The demand of elementary students in Nantao for leisure education needs. 3.The diversity of elementary students’ leisure attitude with background variables (grade, gender, and schools’ condition after 921 earthquake). 4.The diversity of elementary students’ leisure education needs with background variables (grade, gender, and schools’ condition after 921 earthquake). 5.The relationship between students’ leisure attitude and leisure education needs. Five hundred and eighty elementary students in Nantou county were served as the subjects of this study. The total valid questionnaires were four hundred and eighty. Descriptive statistic, T-test, and Rank correction were utilized for data analysis. Within the scope of the study, the following conclusions were derived: 1.Most students in Nantou had positive leisure attitude which interested in their participating recreational activities. 2.Students in this study had great demand for leisure education, especially for learning fundamentals of participating in recreational activities. 3.Students’ leisure attitude had significant difference with grades; leisure attitude of 6th graders were more active and positive than 5th graders. 4.The demand of students for recreational activities was significantly different with gender; the demands of girls were greater than those of boys. 5.Students from 921 reestablishing needed schools had greater demand for participating recreational activities than those from school without reestablishing needs. 6.There was high correlation between leisure attitude and the demand of leisure education. Base on research results, suggestions were proposed respectively to elementary school teachers, school administration, government, and the future study.