核能災害是一個嚴重的區域性災害，其災害的結果可能持續擴大並延伸至廠區以外，危及廠外民眾的生命與健康。鑑於我國九二一大地震及美國九一一事件慘痛的經驗，無法避免的天然災難及人為危害破壞事件，已引起世人的警惕與高度的重視。綜觀國內外重大的核災事件，我們不啻要問我國目前的危機緊急應變的機制如何？是否已做好周全的準備？萬一不幸發生核能事故時，我們是否真的有能力因應解決？如何保護廣大民眾的生命安全與健康？這一連串的問題，殊值得國人深思探討的課題。
目前我國核子事故緊急應變業務是由行政院原子能委員會轄下的全國核子事故處理委員會來統籌運作。近年來由於國內政治型態的轉變，為落實地方自治的政策，民選地方首長基於保護民眾生命和財產的施政目標，對於有關核能事故的資訊掌握和緊急應變計畫的執行，漸已展現主動性；針對核災事故救災應變的時效性及急迫性而論，我國未來如何釐清中央與地方政府在核子事故緊急應變中所扮演的地位與角色，劃分權責與任務，實應儘早妥為規劃準備。
本論文透過文獻探討、深度訪談與核安演習檢討會議資料蒐集研究的結果，分析我國核能緊急應變機制的運作及現況缺失，並以制度面、決策面、程序面等三層面提出結論與建議，作為建構我國核能電廠緊急應變機制研究之參考。
本論文的結論重點為：
一、核電廠嚴格的安全管制與監督機制，能有效保障核能的安全。
二、應變法源不足與經費短缺的現象，亟待政府加以重視。
三、應變組織體制規劃欠佳，難以發揮應變機制應有的功能。
四、指揮聯繫與通報機制仍存在許多缺失，亟待檢討改進。
五、建立與媒體良好的溝通策略，對危機處理有正面的助益。
六、危機應變觀念與教育宣導不足的現象，亟待政府加以重視。
七、核能事故分析與安全度評估技術的能力，尚待加強建立。
八、核電廠運轉作業程序書與安全文化的建立，是確保核電廠安全的重要因素。
九、中央與地方的防災應變與設備和資源，尚未充分的整合運用。
十、核安演習是危機應變具體的表現，執行成效仍有待加強落實。
本論文的建議為：
一、對制度面的建議
（一）完成緊急應變法律的立法。
（二）健全核能災害防救體系。
（三）規劃設置專責的應變組織。
（四）建立專業人才培訓制度。
二、對決策面的建議
（一）建立「核安家園」的共識。
（二）提昇應變決策的品質。
（三）釐清中央與地方應變組織權限。
（四）落實危機應變宣導與教育訓練。
三、對程序面的建議
（一）加強安全度評估與事故分析的能力。
（二）結合中央與地方防災設備與資源。
（三）提昇核安演習訓練的執行成效。
（四）充實核子事故緊急應變基金。 / A nuclear accident is a serious aerial disaster. The result of disaster can continuously expand and extend to outside of a nuclear plant to endanger the public life and health. Due to the tragedy experiences from Taiwan’s 921 Earthquake and the US’s 911 tragedy, we cannot prevent all the natural disasters as well as any human sabotage events. Therefore, the events alert world people for warnings and attentions. In viewing the world important nuclear accidents, we have to ask ourselves if we are ready for a crisis and what are the mechanisms or if we have done a proper preparation. If there is a nuclear accident, will we be capable to handle and resolve the crisis. How will we protect the public lives and health? This series of questions should be carefully study by our people in Taiwan.
Currently, the Nuclear Accident Management Committee under the ROC-AEC operates our nuclear accident emergency readiness. Due to the recent political environment changes in Taiwan, the local elected chiefs want to have more says in local policies and also to protect lives and properties. They became more actively involved in the information about nuclear accidents and the execution of emergency plans. In nuclear accidents, the timing, urgencies, responsibilities, and tasks roles for the Taiwan central government and local governments should be now planned and prepared.
This paper uses reference studies, in-depth interviews, and meeting information in nuclear safety exercises to analyze Taiwan’s nuclear emergency response mechanism and current shortfalls. This paper makes conclusions and recommendations by means of systems, decision-making, and procedures in order to construct a study reference for nuclear power plant emergency response mechanism.
The key points in this paper’s conclusions are:
1. A nuclear power plant should have stringent safety control and surveillance mechanism to effectively secure nuclear safety.
2. The government should pay attentions to lack of legal basis and short of fund problems.
3. The response organization is not properly planned and cannot effectively perform the response functions.
4. The command and communication mechanisms still exist shortfalls and need improvements.
5. A good communication strategy with media is positive in handling a crisis.
6. The government should pay attentions to crisis response ideas and educational communication.
7. Taiwan should have established the capabilities in nuclear accident analysis and safety evaluation.
8. To assure nuclear safety in a nuclear power plant, we should have a culture of safety with plant’s tech specs.
9. The central government and the local governments have yet to integrate equipment and resources for accident prevention.
10. A nuclear safety drill is a performance of crisis response but still needs improvement.
This paper has the suggestions as the follows:
1. Suggestions to Systems
(1) Complete emergency response law.
(2) Complete the prevention and plan systems for nuclear accidents.
(3) Set up a response organization with permanent tasks.
(4) Set up a training system for experts.
2. Suggestions in Decision-Making
(1) Establish “Nuclear Safety Home” consensus.
(2) Elevate decision-making quality.
(3) Make a clear division on central and local government power in response organization.
(4) Advertise crisis management and educational training.
3. Suggestions to Procedures
(1) Improve capabilities in safety evaluation and accident analysis.
(2) Integrate central and local disaster prevention equipment and resources.
(3) Elevate the performance of nuclear safety drill.
(4) Increase the fund used in a nuclear accident response.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0088921030 |
| Creators | 劉學仁 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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