本研究目的為探討國內新聞從業人員在採訪創傷新聞事件後，是否亦間接地受到創傷壓力所影響；又，社會支持與記者的創傷壓力調適有何關聯；而至今國內新聞界在記者創傷議題這部分的認知與作法處於何種階段。在研究方法上，採用質化的深度訪談法，訪談了包括文字記者、攝影記者以及主管職位等13位國內電視新聞從業人員。研究結果發現，普遍而言，國內電視新聞從業人員所承受身心壓力都較一般人來得高，而部分曾經採訪過重大創傷事件或創傷受害者的記者，更可能經歷深層的創傷壓力徵狀，包括侵入性回憶、逃避、高度警覺等。另外，部分受訪記者對創傷新聞事件的反應冷靜，可能源自記者良好的心理建設，但仍有記者是因為同儕壓力、尋求榮譽感或生計壓力等原因，而必須表現勇敢、甚至漠然，此亦可能為創傷壓力反應的一種。容易造成記者創傷壓力的新聞事件主要包括兩類，一為重大災難，一為看似平常、但可能對個別記者影響深刻的普通新聞事件；而易造成創傷壓力之新聞事件特性包括事件本身的嚴重度、記者深入了解新聞故事、與記者關係密切的人成為新聞主角、具情感張力的畫面。最後，個性、性別、路線、職位、電視台定位等變項可能影響記者是否容易面對創傷事件並受創傷壓力所影響。
接著，研究發現記者主要以「自我調適」與「尋求社會支持」兩種方式來應對可能承受的創傷壓力。在自我調適的部分，受訪記者以「娛樂」以及「重新定義生命或工作價值」的方式，來調整自己的狀態。在尋求社會支持的部分，首先，不若國外文獻對同儕支持的全面推崇，國內記者認為同儕支持主要能夠滿足資訊層面，但對同儕支持所提供的情緒支持仍有遲疑，可能與國內新聞圈的競爭激烈有關；第二，記者認為新聞組織能夠、也必須提供全面的物質支持與資訊支持，但由於現今不論是第一線記者或新聞主管，對記者創傷議題仍不熟悉，因此大部分受訪記者對組織是否能提供情緒支持採保留態度；第三，國內電視記者已不排斥尋求專業支持，但這方面的資訊相當缺乏；第四，雖然記者在擔心傷害家人的情況下，對家庭較不提及自身所承受的創傷壓力，但家庭仍提供了記者深層的情緒支持；第五，宗教支持為國內記者能夠舒服地吐露自身壓力的管道，提供了全然的情緒支持，此為國內新聞脈絡較特殊之處。
再者，國內新聞界雖已開始對記者創傷議題開始有初步的認知與作法，但整體的普及度與實行度仍不高。本研究在理解國內情況與參考國外各新聞組織的作法後，對國內新聞界在記者創傷議題可能能夠努力的方向，提出了若干建議。最後，亦在思考研究發現與研究限制後，對未來學術研究提出幾點建議。 / This study investigated trauma experiences of journalists in Taiwan after covering disaster, crime and justice news or interviewing traumatized victims, and how social support mechanism plays a buffering role in their trauma-stress coping. This thesis also explored news rooms’ attention and response toward this issue. This study adapted the semi-structured interview and the grounded theory methodology to analyze in-depth interview data of 13 TV journalists inTaiwan, including script journalists, photojournalists, local journalists and managers.
This study found that the interviewed journalists live under physical and mental pressure. Some of those who have covered traumatic news experienced traumatic symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Although some journalists keep calm when they confront traumatic stress events, we still couldn’t overlook the potential traumatic effect since journalists may suppress their authentic feelings because of peer pressure, sense of honor, or bread and butter. In addition, the interviewed journalists employed “self-adjustment” and “seeking social support” to deal with the traumatic stress. First, the journalists relieved their pressure by means of entertainment, and redefining the value of job and the priorities of life. As for social support, the journalists thought that peer support could satisfy the need of information, but may not necessarily offer fully emotional support because of the flaming competitions between journalists and news organizations. As for news rooms, the journalists asked for tangible support, namely resources and informational support, but were suspicious of the emotional support.
Then, this study found that the journalists are willing to seek professional support, but seldom seek support from family because of the worry of horrifying their family members. However, it does not mean that the emotional support from family is not important, and being there is the best support for journalists. Finally, religion support is the main channel from which the journalists could feel safe, peace and calm, which is a unique phenomenon in the Taiwan media settings.
In the end, after understanding the Taiwan media situations and consulting the practices of foreign news organizations, this study recommended some suggestions and implications for future studies and news rooms accordingly.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0097451001 |
| Creators | 王靜嬋, Wang, Ching Chan |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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