日常生活中，人們是如何挑選結婚對象的？隨著時代的演進，在現代社會中，婚姻配對已由傳統的「媒妁之言」轉變為「自由戀愛」的結合方式。不過，「自由戀愛」並非等同於完全的自由選擇或隨機配對，人們由於其特定的地位背景條件，是在一個特定的「候選對象群」中擇定配偶。本研究修正過去擇偶研究中「單一指標觀」的侷限，改採用「多重指標觀」來檢視人們的擇偶行為，主張個人之行為會遵循「理性選擇」原則，依據「多重指標」的擇偶條件，在候選對象群中進行「連續性搜尋」，歷經一番「挑三揀四」，篩選若干對象後，方能覓得伴侶。
本研究的目的，即是透過電腦模擬(simulation)的方式，以人們挑選伴侶時常用的五種偏好類型—一試定終身型、專挑極品型、面面俱顧型、差別偏好型、截長補短型做為基礎架構，分別模擬在婚姻市場中人們為了「覓得良緣」，所可能採取的不同挑選伴侶策略及搜尋結果，分析重點鎖定在以下兩點：一是持不同擇偶偏好類型的人，能夠成功覓得良緣的機會；以及若能成功覓得良緣，所需篩選的對象數量為何。此外，面對同樣一個婚姻市場，個人因其對「市場價格範圍」的掌握與否，也會發展出兩種不同類型的擇偶策略：經驗法則與門檻法則，本研究亦針對這兩種策略分別進行模擬分析。研究最後並為後續研究可行之方向，提出幾點建議，例如：與實證資料相互比對、與其他如婚姻品質、婚姻滿意度等之相關主題結合、進一步將「時間面向」納入模型結構等。
關鍵字：擇偶、連續性搜尋、婚姻配對、理性選擇、電腦模擬、婚姻市場 / How do people pick their “another half” in their daily life? People now have more and more freedom in choosing their spouses, unlike the situation before when arranged marriage was the main stream. However, choosing spouses freely doesn’t mean that they are free to choose whomever they like or they are matched randomly. People tend to select their spouses within a pool in which the “candidates” share similar backgrounds with them. In this study, people’s mate selecting process, previously analyzed with single indicator, is now examined with multiple indicators. This study suggests that people, who intent to find mates, would follow the rational choice principle, go through a sequential “picking and choosing” process with multiple spouse-choosing criteria, and find their spouses in the “candidate pool” finally.
The purpose of this study is to explore the mate-selecting strategies and results with the technique of computer simulation, based on five principles of mate-selection preference people usually have. The five principles are 1) the immediately matching type, 2) the choosing for the best only type, 3) the deliberate type, 4) the individual diversity-admiring type, and 5) the compensatory type. The focuses of the analysis are twofold. Firstly, it looks into the chance of successfully finding a mate by people with different preference. Secondly, it tries to find out the number of “candidates” which are sifted out before people can make a final decision. Besides, although in the same marriage market, individuals tend to develop two types of searching strategies—rule of experience and rule of threshold—that depends on their grasp of the “range of the market price.” This study conducts simulation of the two rules. Moreover, the study also indicates some potential issues for following researches, for example, comparing the research outcomes with empirical data, combining topics such as the quality or satisfaction of marriage, and incorporating the “time” element in the simulation model.
Keywords: mate-selection (or mate-searching), sequential searching process, assortative marriage, rational choice, computer simulation, marriage market
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0089254006 |
| Creators | 陳佳穎, Chen,Chia-ying |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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